Power Notes
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Electrical power is measured in watts and refers to the rate at which electrical energy flows through a circuit. Electrical energy purchased is measured in kilowatt-hours, which is the amount of power used over time. The formula for calculating power is Power (watts) equals Voltage (volts) multiplied by Current (amps). For example, a coffee maker that uses 1050 watts for 1 hour per day and electricity costs 14 cents per kilowatt-hour would cost around $4.41 per month to run.
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5.2 & 5.3 Notes
This document discusses different forms of energy and energy transformations. It identifies six main types of energy: mechanical, radiant, electrical, thermal, chemical, and nuclear. Mechanical energy can be kinetic or potential energy and is the energy of motion or position of an object. Thermal energy is heat and chemical energy is stored in molecular bonds. Energy can be transformed from one form to another through both internal and external sources, but the total amount of energy remains constant according to the law of conservation of energy. Examples of energy transformations include mechanical to electrical in generators and chemical to thermal in engines.
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The document discusses the conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy. Electrical energy comes from stored or moving charged particles, while thermal energy is the energy of moving atoms and molecules, commonly known as heat. Some common examples of converting electrical energy from wall outlets to thermal energy are toasters, hair straighteners, space heaters, and electric stoves, which use electric current to heat filaments or burners to produce heat.
Energy transformation
Energy transformation is the process by which energy changes form. In cities in the past, the main sources of light and movement were coal, wood, candles, and animals. Today, electricity and petrol or diesel provide light and movement. Work is defined as force times distance, and is measured in joules. Energy transfer diagrams and Sankey diagrams can illustrate how energy is transformed and transferred from one form to another through various processes and systems, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and generating electricity in power stations.
Energy transformation (1)
There are many forms of energy that can be transformed from one to another. The total energy of a system remains constant, according to the law of conservation of energy. Common energy transformations include kinetic to potential energy, as in a swinging pendulum or waterfall, chemical to mechanical energy, as in fuel combustion or metabolism, and electrical to thermal energy, as when a toaster or space heater operates. Transformations can involve single changes, like chemical to light energy in glow sticks, or multiple steps, like the series of changes that occur in a car engine. Understanding energy transformations is key to explaining many natural and technological processes.
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This PowerPoint presentation defines energy as the ability to do work and identifies 7 forms of energy: nuclear, radiant, thermal, electrical, chemical, mechanical, and sound. Nuclear energy is stored in atom nuclei, radiant energy travels in waves, thermal energy is the vibration of atoms/molecules, electrical energy is the movement of charges, chemical energy is stored in atomic/molecular bonds, mechanical energy relates to movement and position, and sound energy transfers through substances in waves. Thermal energy transfers through conduction in solids and convection in gases/liquids. Potential and kinetic energy are types of mechanical energy.
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The document discusses different forms of energy including kinetic energy, potential energy, nuclear energy, electrical energy, chemical energy, gravitational energy, sound energy, mechanical energy, thermal energy, and energy transformation. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, potential energy is stored energy, nuclear energy comes from splitting atoms, electrical energy comes from the motion and position of electrical charges, and chemical energy is stored in molecular arrangements. Gravitational energy comes from mass and its position in a gravitational field, sound energy comes from vibrations, and mechanical energy is the sum of potential and kinetic energy. Thermal energy comes from molecular motion and temperature, and energy transformation is the change between different forms of energy.
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This document defines and describes different types of energy. It begins by explaining that energy allows for work and movement in both human and mechanical systems. It then defines potential and kinetic energy. Several common forms of energy are also outlined, including mechanical, solar, light, heat, electrical, sound, chemical, and nuclear energy. Examples are provided to illustrate each type. The document concludes by discussing energy transformations and the law of conservation of energy.
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Notes 3.3
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Notes 3.1
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Notes 3.2
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6th grade ch. 2 sec. 5 using electric power
This document discusses electric power, calculating power as voltage times current. It provides examples of calculating the power of a light bulb and hair dryer given their voltage and current. It also discusses the relationship between energy, power, and time, giving an example of calculating the energy used by 10 light bulbs over 1 hour. Finally, it asks the reader to calculate the power to start a car, and the energy used by a water heater over different time periods.
energy
Energy exists in various forms and can be transferred from one object to another or transformed from one form to another, but the total quantity of energy in the universe remains constant. Energy has the ability to cause change or do work. There are various types of energy including kinetic, potential, thermal, electromagnetic, electrical, chemical, and nuclear energy. The document provides examples and definitions of these various types of energy and the transformations between them.
09 elec 16
Electricity is measured and purchased in units called kilowatt-hours, which are calculated by multiplying the power used by a device in kilowatts by the number of hours it is in use. The cost of electricity depends on the time of day, with peak hours being most expensive and off-peak hours being least expensive. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate the kilowatt-hours and resulting cost for different electrical devices based on their power usage and duration of use.
Grade9, U2-L7-Power generation, efficiency and cost of electricity
Electricity is generated at power stations from various energy sources like hydroelectric, nuclear, coal, wind, solar and natural gas. Generators transform this input energy into alternating current (AC) electrical energy, which is more efficient for long distance transmission than direct current (DC). Efficiency is a measure of the energy output versus input. Common rates for electricity are charged per kilowatt-hour, with time-of-use rates accounting for supply and demand. Calculating the cost to operate devices uses the power used, operating time and rate charged. An example compares the lower cost of a 13W CFL bulb versus a 60W incandescent bulb over 3 hours using time-of-use rates. Homework questions
04_Electricity.pptx
This document discusses electricity and power. It defines Joule's law, which states that heat produced in a resistor is directly proportional to the square of the current, resistance, and time. It defines power as the rate of doing work or work done per unit time. The SI unit of power is the watt, which is equal to 1 volt times 1 ampere. It also discusses the commercial unit of electric energy, the kilowatt-hour, and provides an example problem calculating the power of an electric bulb.
Electric power and energy
This document provides skill and practice worksheets on electrical power and Ohm's law for a physics course. It includes 11 practice problems calculating power, current, voltage, resistance and cost based on electrical specifications of common appliances and circuits. The worksheets review key concepts like watts, kilowatts, kilowatt-hours and using the formula for power (P=IV) to solve circuit problems involving series and parallel configurations.
Science 25 Unit B Review
The document summarizes key concepts about energy:
1) The human body gets its energy from food, which it converts from potential to chemical and kinetic energy to power movement and keep the body warm. Exercise and sleep help the body use and renew its stored energy.
2) Potential energy can be converted to other forms of energy, like food potential becoming kinetic energy for movement or thermal energy to produce heat.
3) Energy exists in many forms and can change from one to another through conversion systems, with some energy always lost as waste. The total energy entering and leaving a system remains the same according to the law of conservation of energy.
4) Electricity is generated through kinetic energy conversions using generators
0708 energy
The document discusses the Law of Conservation of Energy. It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another. Energy exists in multiple forms including mechanical, chemical, electromagnetic, thermal, nuclear, and electrical. However, the total quantity of energy remains constant as it transforms between forms.
0708 energy
The document discusses the Law of Conservation of Energy. It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another. Energy exists in several forms including potential, kinetic, chemical, thermal, electromagnetic, electrical, and nuclear. However, the total quantity of energy remains constant as it transforms between forms.
5th grade chapter 14 section 1 - what is energy
This document discusses different forms of energy including kinetic energy, potential energy, chemical energy, and nuclear energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion and depends on an object's speed and mass. Potential energy is stored energy that has the potential to cause changes in the future. Chemical energy comes from the bonds between atoms in molecules and is released when fuels are burned. Nuclear energy is related to the structure of atoms and is used to heat water and power turbines in nuclear power plants.
Lecture 1 & 2.pptx
This document discusses electricity generation and distribution systems. It begins by explaining how electricity is generated through various energy sources like coal, natural gas, and renewable sources that spin turbines connected to generators. It then describes how electricity is transmitted at high voltages for long distances and distributed at lower voltages for local use through step-up and step-down transformers. Finally, it provides an overview of the electrical supply system process from generation to transmission to distribution.
Fundamentals of electrical engineering
1) Electric current is the flow of electric charge. It is measured in Amperes and defined as the rate of flow of electric charge.
2) Circuits require a voltage source to provide energy to cause current flow. Current flows from the higher voltage side of the source to the higher voltage side of devices like light bulbs.
3) Power in a circuit is defined as the rate of energy transfer and is calculated by multiplying voltage and current. Power is conserved in circuits.
Power tmid
Power is defined as the rate at which energy is transferred or work is done. It is measured in watts and calculated by multiplying either the energy transferred in joules by time in seconds, or the work done in joules by time in seconds. An energy transfer of 1 joule per second equals a power of 1 watt. Students should be able to give examples comparing systems that transfer the same amount of energy or do the same amount of work but over different periods of time to illustrate differences in power.
ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND AUDITING
Energy exists in various forms including potential, kinetic, chemical, thermal, electrical, nuclear, and motion. Potential energy is stored energy due to position or composition, like energy stored in compressed springs or chemical bonds. Kinetic energy is energy in motion, like radiant, thermal, or electrical energy. Energy can be converted from one form to another, though conversions reduce overall efficiency. High-grade energy like electricity is concentrated and can do large amounts of work, while low-grade heat disperses and does less concentrated work. Electrical energy can be direct current, alternating current, measured in volts and amps, and involves concepts like resistance, power, and power factor relating to efficiency.
Basic Electricity
This presentation gives a brief information about basics of electricity. It also provides activities to help you understand it.
Basics of energy
Energy is the ability to do work and work is the transfer of energy from one form to another. In
practical terms, energy is what we use to manipulate the world around us, whether by exciting
our muscles, by using electricity, or by using mechanical devices such as automobiles. Energy
comes in different forms - heat (thermal), light (radiant), mechanical, electrical, chemical, and
nuclear energy.
Electric power
This document discusses electrical power and energy. It explains that power is calculated as current multiplied by voltage, and is measured in watts. It asks the reader to calculate the power needed to operate a clock radio drawing 0.05 amps from a household circuit. The document also explains that electrical energy is provided by power companies and sold to homeowners in units of kilowatt-hours, which is 1000 watts delivered for one hour. It provides an example of calculating the electrical energy used and cost for a 1200W toaster oven used for 15 minutes.
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Grade9, U2-L7-Power generation, efficiency and cost of electricity
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1. Natural frequency is the frequency at which a system oscillates when disturbed, also called its fundamental frequency. Resonance occurs when an object is vibrated at its natural frequency, amplifying the amplitude of the wave, or when a second object vibrates along with the first, amplifying the energy.
2. Standing waves are waves that are trapped in one location, appearing as a single wave but made up of many. Sound waves are longitudinal pressure waves that travel through air, with crests of high pressure and troughs of low pressure.
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Harmonics Notes
Natural frequency is the inherent frequency at which a system oscillates when disturbed. Resonance occurs when an object is vibrated at its natural frequency, amplifying the amplitude of the wave, or when a second object vibrates along with the first, amplifying the energy transfer between them. Standing waves are waves that are trapped in one location, appearing as a single wave but actually composed of nodes with no amplitude and antinodes with greatest amplitude. Harmonics are standing waves with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental natural frequency.
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Color is perceived by photoreceptors in the eye called cones that detect red, green, and blue light. Cones see color while rods see brightness and work in low light. Additive color uses red, green, and blue light on a black background to produce colors, while subtractive color reflects light off pigments on a white surface and absorbs complementary colors. The sky appears blue because shorter wavelengths of light are scattered more by the gases in the atmosphere, while sunsets are red due to the longer wavelengths of light being able to pass through more of the atmosphere to our eyes.
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Sound is a longitudinal wave that needs a medium like air to travel through. It propagates through the air by oscillating pressure between high and low amounts. Sound travels through air at 340 m/s but can travel faster through solids. The properties of sound waves include frequency, wavelength, loudness and pitch. Loudness depends on amplitude while pitch depends on frequency. The Doppler effect alters the frequency and wavelength of sound waves when the source or observer is moving.
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The document discusses different types of wave interactions including absorption, reflection, diffraction, refraction, and scattering. It provides examples of each type of interaction such as sound waves being absorbed by a pillow or light waves being reflected, refracted, and scattered in the atmosphere which causes the sky to appear blue and sunsets to have vibrant colors.
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Waves transfer energy from one place to another without transferring matter. There are two main types of waves: transverse waves, where the disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of travel, like water waves, and longitudinal waves, where the disturbance is parallel to travel, like sound waves. A wave requires a medium to travel through and consists of repeating patterns of high and low points called crests and troughs. The speed, wavelength, frequency, period, and amplitude are key properties used to describe waves.
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Power Notes
- 1. Power
- 2. Electrical Power • Rate electricity is flowing in circuit • Unit – watt (w) – Rate energy is used by an object – Converted from electrical energy to radiant or thermal
- 3. Buying electricity • Electrical energy is bought by kilowatt-hour (kWh) – Means 1 kW of power has been used in 1 hr • 1 kWh = 1000w
- 4. P=VxI Power (w) Current (A) Voltage (V)
- 5. • Example) You’re charged 14 cents per kWh. A coffee maker has a power rating of 1050 watts and is on for about 1 hour each day. How much does it cost to run this for a month? 1050 W = 1.05 kW 1.05kW * 1 hr/day = 1.05 kWh/day 1.05 kWh/day * 30days/mth = 31.5 kWh/mth 31.5 kWh/mth * $0.14/kWh = $4.41/mth
- 6. Works Cited • Hsu Ph.D., Tom. Foundations of Physical Science. 1st ed. Peabody: Cambridge Physics Outlet, 2002. 137-140. Print. • Microsoft Office PowerPoint ClipArt. 2000.