presentation shows feasible and ecofriendly ways to produce power

1. Minor project presentation
on
POWER GENERATION USINGHUMANPOWER AND
ANIMALPOWER
PRESENTED BY:
TARESH KALA
MANISH SUYAL
NIKHIL PANDITA
ISHITA
GUNJAN JOSHI
AKANSHA JOSHI

2. ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM
• Lack of suitable home lighting is directly linked to illiteracy, poverty and
health problems.
• The current widespread burning of kerosene also results in
environmental pollution.
• It is very difficult and very costly to provide grid power everywhere
specially at remote isolated communities in developing countries.
• General feeling is that bullocks are non-economical and burden on
economy.
• They are being sold to slaughterer houses for about 1,000/- each. A
butcher gets more than Rs. 7,000/- in terms of beef leather, blood, bones
and other ingredients.

3. METHOD FOR
ACCOMPLISHMENT
We could take two approaches to accomplish this goal:
 Introduce a new product or service and hope that it succeeds in front
of a new audience.
 Innovate on an existing technology or service, reducing the need for
product education.
The latter option appears more practical and feasible to achieve.

4. TARGET AREAS
• In examining target areas, our group recognized a need in India and China
for electricity. We also recognized the use of bicycles in Western Europe
and the US.
• Bicycles serve as a main method of transportation in these countries.
• Over 60% of India’s population already owns a bicycle
• In an effort to raise awareness about energy use and global warming, the
BBC even made a TV-programme in which an entire household was
powered via these generators, with 80 cyclists generating up to 14 kW.
• These multi-person pedal power generators were pioneered in the
1970s by the Campus Centre for Appropriate Technology.

5. EXISTING
BICYCLE
GENERATORS
• A few companies have produced bicycle
generators that can be used while biking.
• Bike2Power and Nokia have come out
with similar models relying on a bicycle
dynamo whose axle rubs and spins with
the rotation of the front wheel.
• Both products are priced around $80.
• More recently, ECOXPOWER released
a product that uses the rotation of the
spokes in the bicycle wheel to generate
electricity.

6. OTHER ALTERNATIVE
• Animal energy in form of high-torque low-speed can be converted into
low-torque high-speed through speed increaser to energize the electric
generator.
• The electricity generated is stored in the battery and used when lighting is
required either for DC light or AC light using inverter.
• This equipment is emission free, low cost and has long life.
• This equipment needs less maintenance and any person can run either
skilled or unskilled.

7. MECHANICAL POWER TRANSMISSION
Integrated device, Mech. link, Speed Increaser, belt & pulley, alternator and battery

8. GEAR ARRANGEMENT AND SPEED
INCREASER
• The gear arrangement is basically the main part of the system
because of their need for speed increasing
• Gears are arranged in step by step manner such that each step
will increase speed by increasing gear ratio
• We’ll be using herringbone instead of spur gear for smoother
power transmission
• Planetary gear trains provide high power density in comparison
to standard parallel axis gear trains. But we won’t be using it
due to high cost and design complexity

9. CALCULATION FOR BULL SYSTEM
• Radius of path (r) =2.5m
• Velocity of drought animal = 0.80m/s
• Total distance travel in 60sec (1min) = 0.80*60=
48m
• Distance travel in one round = 2* π*r =15.708m
• Revolution per minute (rpm) = 48/15.708
=3.05rpm

10. GEARING
• Gear Ratio:
• In 1st step = 1:1
• In 2nd step = 1:7
• In 3rd step = 1:7
• In 4th step = 1:10
• So, final speed at gear output =
(Nf)g = 3.05*1*7*7*10 ≈ 1495rpm.
• And, final output introduced to alternator =
(Nf)alt =1495*2 = 2989rpm

11. CALCULATION FOR BICYCLE SYSTEM
• Average cycling speed=6km/h=100m/min
• Average dia. of a cycle=0.6m
• Paddling speed in rpm=100/(п*0.6)=53.1
• Gear ratio between two sprockets=1:3
• Rpm at rear axel=53.1*3=159.3

12. GEARING
• Gear Ratio:
• In 1st step = 1:1
• In 2nd step = 1:3
• In 3rd step = 1:2(second gear connected to alternator shaft)
• So, final output introduced to alternator =
(Nf)alt =159.3*1*3*2=955.8rpm

14. ALTERNATOR
An alternator is such a machine which produces
alternation electricity. In other words it is a kind of
generators which converts mechanical energy into
alternating electrical energy. It is also known as
synchronous generator.
• Works on the principle of Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction.
• Preferred because converting alternating to direct
current using power rectification devices is effective
and usually economical.
• Simpler alternator dominates large scale power
generation, for efficiency, reliability and cost reasons.
• An Alternator is able to produce power across
multiple high-current power generation coils
connected in parallel, eliminating the need for the
commutator.
• The output energy from the dynamo is very low.

15. CONNECTING THE ALTERNATOR
• Alternator is larger in size compared to dynamo and it would seize
more space.
• One way to connect an alternator with the bicycle is to place it
behind the seat by removing the carrier. The shaft of the alternator
should be connected to tyre with a belt that rolls over shaft on one
end and other end rolls over a cylindrical structure attached to its
rear tire’s hub. In this way when the bicycle moves, the structure
rotates and thereby facilitates rotation of alternator’s shaft.
• The other way to connect the alternator with the bicycle is by making
the shaft directly roll over the tire. A rubber cap placed on the shaft
is used to provide grip and to facilitate roll without slipping.
• Among the two ways, the first way will be more power efficient but
the bicycle is needed to be pedaled in stationary mode

17. USE AS A BATTERY CHARGER
• The alternator charges the battery when it is in running condition;
without it, the battery would run down very quickly.
• The alternator tries to power the electrical system and charge the battery
at the same time. When loads are high the battery can instantly supply
more current when necessary.
• Alternators do not produce voltage/current as soon as they start to spin.
• Just above the idle speed is the cut-in speed at which the alternator
begins to deliver current for the first time. The exact speed depends on
the battery voltage, the rate of change of rotational-speed.

18. BATTERY
• An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical
cells with external connections provided to power electrical devices.
• When a battery is connected to an external circuit, electrolytes are able to move
as ions within, allowing the chemical reactions to be completed at the separate
terminals and so deliver energy to the external circuit.
• It is the movement of those ions within the battery which allows current to flow
out of the battery to perform work.
• When a battery is supplying electric power, its positive terminal is the
cathode and its negative terminal is the anode.
• When battery is charged, the positive terminal is anode and negative terminal
is cathode.

19. TYPES OF BATTERIES
NiCd:
• Used where long life, high discharge rate are important.
• Moderate rate of self-discharge.
• Environmental hazard due to Cadmium – use now virtually prohibited in Europe.
• Main applications are two-way radios, biomedical equipment, professional video
cameras.
Lead-acid:
• Moderate energy density.
• Moderate rate of self-discharge.
• Higher discharge rates result in considerable loss of capacity.
• Environmental hazard due to Lead.
• Common use – Automobile batteries.
NiMH:
• It has a higher energy density compared to the NiCd at the expense of reduced
cycle life.
• High rate of self-discharge.
• NiMH contains no toxic metals.
• Applications include mobile phones and laptop computers.

20. Lithium ion:
• Very high energy density.
• Very low rate of self-discharge.
• Volatile: Chance of explosion if short-circuited, allowed to overheat, or not manufactured
with rigorous quality standards.
• Very common in laptop computers, moderate to high-end digital cameras, camcorders, and
cellphones.
Lithium ion polymer:
• It offers the attributes of the Li-ion is ultra-slim in geometry and simplified packaging.
• Lower energy density and decreased cycle count compared to Li-ion .
• Its main application is in mobile phones.
• Expensive to manufacture.

21. BATTERY SELECTION
We are using deep cycle lead acid battery for our purpose because of the following
advantages:
• The positive electrode is row of lead-oxide cylinders or tubes strung side by side ,
thus increases surface area in contact with the electrolyte, hence exhibit a higher power
density than flat-plate cells.
• Meaningful to situations where there is insufficient space to install higher capacity (and
thus larger) flat-plate units.
• Deep-cycle cells are much less susceptible to degradation due to cycling.
• required for applications where the batteries are regularly discharged.
• Inexpensive and simple to manufacture.
• Low self-discharge.
• Low maintenance requirements.

22. ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF LEAD ACID
BATTERY
CHARGING
In the fully charged state, the negative plate consists of lead, and the
positive plate lead dioxide, with the electrolyte of concentrated sulfuric acid.
DISCHARGING
In the discharged state both the positive and negative plates
become lead(II) sulfate (PbSO4), and the electrolyte loses much
of its dissolved sulfuric acid and becomes primarily water.
Negative plate reaction:
Release of two conducting electrons gives lead electrode a net negative charge. As electrons
accumulate they create an electric field which attracts hydrogen ions and repels sulfate ions,
leading to a double-layer near the surface.
Positive plate reaction:
The total reaction can be written as:

23. CONFIGURATION
OF COMPONENTS
Power rating of alternator:300W
Power produced considering losses:200W
Current output from inverter:1 amperes
Current rating of alternator:60 amperes
Current output from alternator:30 amperes
Charging time of battery:t=1*10/30