ALL ABOUT AUTOMOBILE COMPONENTS MATERIAL .IT IS VERY USEFUL FOR TO KNOW ABOUT MATERIALS USED FOR AUTOMOBILE COMPONENTS. AND ALSO THE PROCEDURE OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS.
ALL ABOUT AUTOMOBILE COMPONENTS MATERIAL .IT IS VERY USEFUL FOR TO KNOW ABOUT MATERIALS USED FOR AUTOMOBILE COMPONENTS. AND ALSO THE PROCEDURE OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF AUTOMOTIVE COMPONENTS.
Engine, classification of heat engine, classification of IC engine, component of IC engine, four stroke engine and 2- stroke engine, petrol and diesel engine, comparisons, terminology related to engine
Internal Combustion Engines:- Heat Engines, Classification of heat engines, Construction and principle of IC Engines, Two stroke and Four stroke engine cycle.
Engine, classification of heat engine, classification of IC engine, component of IC engine, four stroke engine and 2- stroke engine, petrol and diesel engine, comparisons, terminology related to engine
Internal Combustion Engines:- Heat Engines, Classification of heat engines, Construction and principle of IC Engines, Two stroke and Four stroke engine cycle.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
7. DIESEL ENGINE
The Combustion Cycle
The four-stroke combustion cycle of the diesel engine is composed
of the intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, and the
exhaust stroke.
The diesel engine operates through the motion of compression
pistons in inside the cylinders of the engine.
Pistons inside the cylinders are connected by rods to a
crankshaft. As the pistons move up and down in their cylinders, they
cause the crankshaft to rotate.
The crankshaft’s rotational force is carried by a transmission to a
drive shaft, which turns axles, causing the wheels to rotate.
9. INTAKE STROKE
The air is pushed by atmospheric During
the intake stroke, the intake valve opens as the
piston moves down to allow air into the cylinder.
pressure into the cylinder through the
intake valve port.
10. COMPRESSION STROKE
After the piston reaches its lower limit, it begins
to move upward and as the piston moves up, the
intake valve closes.
The exhaust valve is also closed, so that at this
point in the cycle, the cylinder is sealed.
As the piston moves upward, the air is
compressed and the compression of the air
causes the pressure and the temperature of the
cylinder to increase.
11. POWER STROKE
As the piston reaches maximum compression of the air,
diesel fuel is injected to the combustion chamber filled
with compressed air.
The heat of the compressed air ignites the fuel
spontaneously at the self-ignition temperature of the fuel.
As the cylinder pressure increases, the piston is forced
down into the cylinder.
The power impulse is transmitted down through the
piston, through the connecting rod, and to the
crankshaft, which is rotated due to the force.
12. EXHAUST STROKE
As the piston reaches the bottom of its stroke,
the exhaust valve opens.
As the piston moves up on the exhaust stroke, it
forces the burned gases out of the cylinder
through the exhaust port.
Then as the piston reaches the top of its stroke,
the exhaust valve closes, and the intake valve
opens.
The cycle repeats again with the intake stroke.
14. EFFICIENCY
One positive aspect of the diesel engine is that
they are thermally efficient.
The improved efficiency is caused by the
relatively high compression ratios
The diesel engine is 54% thermally efficient,
while gasoline engines are only 34%.
As a result of diesel engines thermally efficiency,
they are able to achieve better gas mileage
because they produce greater horsepower
output for fuel intake.
15. Piston
Piston is a cylindrical piece of
metal that moves up and down
inside the cylinder
Connected to a connecting rod
The rod connected to the
crankshaft
16. Crankshaft
Turns the piston’s up and
down with in circular motion.
Location varies on engine
type.
In-line engine: located below
the cylinders
V-type engine: at the base of
the V.
Flat-engine: between the
cylinder banks.
17. Other components
Intake valves - open at proper
time to allow air-fuel mixture
enter the cylinder.
Exhaust valves - let out
exhaust (burned exhaust gas).
Oil sump - surrounds the
crankshaft. It contains some
amount of oil, which collects in
the bottom of the sump (the oil
pan).
19. Advantages of a Diesel Engine
Low maintenance, greater efficiency, high power output,
and better fuel economy under all types of loads.
Does not require a spark plug to ignite fuel, it relies on
the spontaneous combustion through the heat of
compression to ignite the diesel fuel.
Because of this type of combustion, a diesel engine are
built more ruggedly and heavily built than the gas
engine.
The ruggedness of the diesel engine gives a two to three
times longer life than the gas engine, which has a life of
around 100,000 miles.
20. Disadvantages
Components of diesel engines are usually heavier that
those of gasoline engines because of the additional
structural strength needed to obtain the higher
compression ratio and power output.
They can emit large amounts of ozone-forming
constituents and particulates.
Because of diesel engines’ weight and compression
ratio, they tend to have lower maximum RPMs than
gasoline engines.
– This makes diesel engines has high torque rather
than high horsepower, and this tends to make cars
with diesel engines slow in terms of acceleration.
21. Disadvantages (cont.)
Diesel fuel is not as readily available at all locations as
gasoline tends to be.
Diesel engines are harder to start in cold weather
conditions, because it is difficult to get the temperature
inside the cylinder up to the self-ignition temperature of
the diesel fuel.
22. Emissions
The most harmful emission from diesel engines are the
nitrogen oxides.
The problem of nitrogen oxide (NO) production in diesel
engines comes from the early rapid burning, which
produces very high-temperature products.
As a result of the pollutants from diesel engines, they are
subject to increasingly stringent regulations that require
continual improvements in the combustion process.
23. Main Differences of Gas and Diesel
The main difference between a gasoline engine and a
diesel engine is that in a diesel engine, there is no spark
plug to ignite the fuel.
Diesel fuel is injected into the cylinder, and it ignites
spontaneously as the heat and pressure of the
compression stroke cause the temperature inside the
cylinder to increase.
The other major difference between the two types of
engines is in the gas mileage.
– As a result of diesel fuel having a higher energy
density than gasoline, diesel engines get higher gas
mileage.