The National Women and AIDS Collective (NWAC) is advocating for policy changes to better support HIV-positive women. It represents 25 organizations across the US that provide services to HIV+ women. NWAC aims to improve HIV surveillance data to better reflect women's realities and needs. It has achieved several policy successes and positions itself to influence national strategies. Sustaining NWAC is important to advance women's leadership and acknowledge socioeconomic factors driving HIV risks for women.
The document provides a community health assessment of Cuyahoga County, Ohio. It finds that the county faces several health challenges, particularly in the city of Cleveland and inner ring suburbs, including high rates of poverty, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. It also identifies issues with access to healthcare, food security, and the physical environment. The assessment concludes that addressing the needs of Cleveland and inner suburbs should be a priority and that stakeholder groups need to collaboratively prioritize issues and allocate available resources from organizations throughout the county.
This is an invited presentation made in the HIV & Law ALA Fellow Program held at NCHSR, UNSW, organized by Shingua Univeristy & UNSW (Sponsored by AusAID, Govt. of Australia)
AIDSTAR-One Different Needs But Equal Rights: Giving Voice to Transgender Com...AIDSTAROne
Although transgender individuals are a highly vulnerable segment of El Salvador's population, the national political climate has only recently begun to support HIV programming that is tailored to their needs. Additionally, limited access to medical services and legal protection and considerable societal stigma and discrimination means that organizations working with transgender individuals must meet a variety of complex and varied needs. This case study, one of 9 in a series, describes the challenges and successes of the Solidarity Association to Promote Human Development (ASPIDH), an NGO that promotes transgender rights via sensitization, education, and advocacy activities.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/gender/resources/case_study_series/aspidh_salvador
“Australia’s National Research Organisation for Women’s Safety: Preliminary f...FRSA Communications
This document summarizes some of the key findings from research projects conducted by Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety (ANROWS) between 2014-2016. It discusses research related to 4 strategic research themes: 1) experience and impacts of violence against women, 2) service responses and interventions, 3) systems, and 4) gender inequality and primary prevention. Across these themes, the research found that violence disproportionately impacts women, rural women face additional barriers to support, and effective responses require multi-sectoral collaboration and addressing underlying gender inequality.
The document summarizes a community health needs assessment conducted by the Washtenaw Health Initiative in Washtenaw County, Michigan. The Washtenaw Health Initiative was established in 2011 with a mission to improve healthcare access for low-income, uninsured, and underinsured residents. Through interviews and focus groups, the assessment identified major health issues facing the county as obesity, mental health, substance abuse, and lack of access to healthcare. Recurring themes included needs for increased access to care, improved communication between medical professionals and patients, and more community involvement in health issues.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); An approach to preventing new HIV infections is the expectation that people living with the virus will disclose their status to their partners, healthcare providers, and family members.
The National Women and AIDS Collective (NWAC) is advocating for policy changes to better support HIV-positive women. It represents 25 organizations across the US that provide services to HIV+ women. NWAC aims to improve HIV surveillance data to better reflect women's realities and needs. It has achieved several policy successes and positions itself to influence national strategies. Sustaining NWAC is important to advance women's leadership and acknowledge socioeconomic factors driving HIV risks for women.
The document provides a community health assessment of Cuyahoga County, Ohio. It finds that the county faces several health challenges, particularly in the city of Cleveland and inner ring suburbs, including high rates of poverty, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and obesity. It also identifies issues with access to healthcare, food security, and the physical environment. The assessment concludes that addressing the needs of Cleveland and inner suburbs should be a priority and that stakeholder groups need to collaboratively prioritize issues and allocate available resources from organizations throughout the county.
This is an invited presentation made in the HIV & Law ALA Fellow Program held at NCHSR, UNSW, organized by Shingua Univeristy & UNSW (Sponsored by AusAID, Govt. of Australia)
AIDSTAR-One Different Needs But Equal Rights: Giving Voice to Transgender Com...AIDSTAROne
Although transgender individuals are a highly vulnerable segment of El Salvador's population, the national political climate has only recently begun to support HIV programming that is tailored to their needs. Additionally, limited access to medical services and legal protection and considerable societal stigma and discrimination means that organizations working with transgender individuals must meet a variety of complex and varied needs. This case study, one of 9 in a series, describes the challenges and successes of the Solidarity Association to Promote Human Development (ASPIDH), an NGO that promotes transgender rights via sensitization, education, and advocacy activities.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/gender/resources/case_study_series/aspidh_salvador
“Australia’s National Research Organisation for Women’s Safety: Preliminary f...FRSA Communications
This document summarizes some of the key findings from research projects conducted by Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety (ANROWS) between 2014-2016. It discusses research related to 4 strategic research themes: 1) experience and impacts of violence against women, 2) service responses and interventions, 3) systems, and 4) gender inequality and primary prevention. Across these themes, the research found that violence disproportionately impacts women, rural women face additional barriers to support, and effective responses require multi-sectoral collaboration and addressing underlying gender inequality.
The document summarizes a community health needs assessment conducted by the Washtenaw Health Initiative in Washtenaw County, Michigan. The Washtenaw Health Initiative was established in 2011 with a mission to improve healthcare access for low-income, uninsured, and underinsured residents. Through interviews and focus groups, the assessment identified major health issues facing the county as obesity, mental health, substance abuse, and lack of access to healthcare. Recurring themes included needs for increased access to care, improved communication between medical professionals and patients, and more community involvement in health issues.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); An approach to preventing new HIV infections is the expectation that people living with the virus will disclose their status to their partners, healthcare providers, and family members.
This document discusses disparities in HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) and the role of social determinants. It notes that addressing social conditions and drivers of HIV vulnerability through structural approaches is a key part of moving from an emergency response to a long-term response for AIDS. Several findings are highlighted: MSM have much higher HIV prevalence than general populations in many countries; criminalization of homosexuality and lack of funding targeting MSM undermine HIV prevention efforts; and experiences of discrimination, financial hardship and lack of social support are associated with higher risk sexual behaviors among MSM. Overall, the document emphasizes that effectively addressing the social drivers of the HIV epidemic among MSM through structural interventions is important for reducing disparities.
This document summarizes research on the meaning of "family" for adolescents living with HIV in Swaziland. It is based on interviews with 13 adolescents between the ages of 12-19 living with HIV. The research found that the meaning of family is fluid and dynamic, referring to nuclear families, the Swazi nation, and HIV support groups. While policies emphasize the role of families in HIV care, the realities of adolescents' lives are more complex. The study explores how adolescents understand the concept of family in the context of their daily experiences with HIV.
Access to HIV prevention and care: Persons with disabilities still left behin...terre des hommes schweiz
Access to HIV prevention and care: Persons with disabilities still left behind
presented by: Muriel Mac-Seing (Handicap International)
at: AIDSFocus Meeting
on: 07. Mai 2015
in: Bern
Exploring Health Inequities among Indigenous Women in Post-Conflict Banglades...iConferences
Prepared by Castillo, T., Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, USA for International Conference on Public Health and Well-being 2019, 4-5 April, Negombo, Sri Lanka
HIV & AIDS Care, Prevention & Treatment for LGBTIs – Addressing Stigma & seco...terre des hommes schweiz
The document discusses challenges facing LGBTQ individuals in South Africa, including high rates of HIV, stigma, lack of inclusion in research and services, and misconceptions about transmission. It summarizes the work of the Gay and Lesbian Network (GLN) to address these issues through outreach, education, advocacy, and lobbying for more inclusive policies. Key efforts include research on men who have sex with men, HIV testing, addressing stigma through workshops and theater, and training healthcare workers and police to be more sensitive to LGBTQ issues. Moving forward, GLN aims to empower the community through more educational programs and advocacy to improve access to healthcare services.
Healthy Communities: Multnomah county is one of the 36 counties in the state of Oregon, located with Portland as its county seat. Portland is the second largest city in Oregon and the most populous metropolitan area in the state (U.S. Census Bureau [USCB], 2008, p. 1). As of 2007, Multnomah County's population is 681,454 people (Sperling, 2008). For the purpose of this study, the community focus will be primarily on the sector of Multnomah County in the 97212 area code, which will be called the Rose Sector.
What is the YAS?
• A locally developed teen survey since 2005.
• Conducted every two years at grades 8, 10 and 12 in participating Ottawa County schools.
• Monitors how behaviors increase, decrease or stay the same over time.
• Measures how many teens are engaged in a variety of risky and beneficial behaviors
affecting their health and well-being.
• Shows the ages when teens may engage in risky behaviors for the first time.
• Indicates what issue areas affect males and females differently.
• Provides evidence-based information about what the biggest needs are (and aren’t)
among Ottawa County teens.
- The population of Boston has become more diverse since 1990, with decreases in the white population share and increases in the Latino, Asian, and other groups' population shares.
- Between 1990 and 2015, the white population decreased from 59% to 46% of Boston's population, while the Latino population increased from 11% to 19% and the Asian population increased from 5% to 9%.
- Racial and ethnic minority populations in Boston have younger median ages, larger household sizes, higher poverty rates, lower educational attainment, and lower incomes compared to white residents.
Social Challenges Facing Low Income Earning Women Living With HIV/AIDS: A Cas...paperpublications3
Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been in existence for more than twenty years and women account for nearly half the 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS. Women’s rate of new infection surpasses men’s because biological, cultural, and social economic conditions contribute to women’s greater vulnerability to HIV. The challenges that these low-income earning women living with HIV/AIDS face are social, economic, and psychological. When a woman is sick the family’s property, the children’s education, savings and food security are threatened because women provide the majority of labour and managerial services for their household. The purpose of the study was to establish the social challenges that face low-income earning women living with HIV/AIDS. A sample of 248 out of a population of 700 who were receiving Home Based Care within Nakuru Municipality was selected. The study was a survey where Questionnaire and interviews were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that low income women living with HIV/AIDS faced various social challenges such as shame, discrimination, and causing strain in the family among others. The disparities that existed among the singles and the married revealed that one’s marital status determined the extent to which one was ashamed, evoked negative changes in the behaviour of family members and experienced discrimination based on their HIV/AIDS status. The implications of the findings is that the public support for the low-income women living with HIV/AIDS is inadequate and mostly material, and emotional support is also crucial in the management and coping with HIV/AIDS.
This document discusses health disparities and resources for promoting health equity. It defines health disparities as significant disparities in disease rates or health outcomes between populations compared to the general population. It identifies four population groups that experience health disparities: African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, immigrants/refugees, and American Indian/Alaskan Natives. The document outlines unique health issues that affect these and other groups. It also describes several resources for finding health information, including MedlinePlus, the CDC, and databases like PubMed.
This document discusses poverty and health inequities. It finds that those living in poverty experience significantly higher rates of many health issues compared to more affluent groups. For example, in Saskatoon low-income residents are over 1000% more likely to be hospitalized for diabetes or have chlamydia. A survey found most people agree the poor have worse health, and support policies to strengthen early childhood programs, increase income supplements, and expand disease prevention. The document calls on governments and communities, including faith groups, to work together using evidence-based solutions to improve conditions for daily living and reduce health inequities over time.
Faith-based Responses to HIV and AIDS relating to Women in Malawi - Elena Sarra Elena Sarra
Faith-based organizations (FBOs) play an important role in addressing HIV/AIDS in Malawi. [1] Women are disproportionately affected by HIV in Malawi, representing 58% of people living with HIV due to socioeconomic inequalities and lack of power in relationships that increase vulnerability. [2] FBOs deliver a large portion of healthcare in Malawi and have significant influence in communities through religious leaders, making them well positioned to address issues related to HIV like stigma. [3] The document examines the effectiveness of FBO approaches in Malawi in relation to women in areas like reducing new infections, deaths, and discrimination.
Kirmayer-common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees...-2010Marie Munoz-Bertrand
- Migration can affect mental health in both positive and negative ways depending on premigration, migration, and postmigration experiences and stressors.
- Refugees often have higher rates of trauma-related disorders like PTSD due to experiences of violence, while immigrants initially have lower rates of mental health issues than the general population that increase over time.
- Clinical assessment of immigrants and refugees should consider migration-related risks and incorporate use of interpreters to address language/cultural barriers that can impact diagnosis and treatment.
The Madison County AIDS Program (MadCAP) is seeking funding to implement an HIV/AIDS risk reduction program for adolescents in Madison County high schools. The program will use the evidence-based BART (Becoming a Responsible Teen) curriculum over the 2016-2017 school year. The goal is to reduce HIV rates among teens and young adults by increasing HIV knowledge, perceived risk of infection, and safe sex practices. Freshmen students will participate in sessions on causes, transmission, testing and prevention. The program aims to have 75% of participants increase essential HIV knowledge and perceive themselves at higher risk of infection after. It will also teach proper condom use through demonstrations to further prevent spread of HIV. Evaluation will compare pre-
Intersectionality refers to the overlapping and interdependent nature of social categories such as race, class, and gender and how they contribute to systems of oppression, discrimination, and disadvantage. Specifically, intersectionality is the study of how an individual's social and political identities combine to create different modes of discrimination and challenges. It recognizes that people face discrimination from multiple sources that are interconnected and cannot be examined separately.
Este documento presenta el formato para una hoja de vida de un estudiante llamado Harold Pérez Zuluaga. Incluye información personal como nombre, dirección, fecha de nacimiento, estado civil y datos de sus padres y hermano. También detalla su situación económica, actividades extracurriculares, las carreras que más le interesan y cómo se enteró del curso al que desea ingresar.
Social exclusion refers to being disadvantaged and marginalized from society for reasons such as economic problems, family issues, or differences in religion or culture. The school avoids social exclusion in several ways, including providing necessary school materials, language classes, community service projects, a coexistence commission to address absences and behavior, and free time activities to engage students and promote values like respect and companionship.
This document discusses disparities in HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) and the role of social determinants. It notes that addressing social conditions and drivers of HIV vulnerability through structural approaches is a key part of moving from an emergency response to a long-term response for AIDS. Several findings are highlighted: MSM have much higher HIV prevalence than general populations in many countries; criminalization of homosexuality and lack of funding targeting MSM undermine HIV prevention efforts; and experiences of discrimination, financial hardship and lack of social support are associated with higher risk sexual behaviors among MSM. Overall, the document emphasizes that effectively addressing the social drivers of the HIV epidemic among MSM through structural interventions is important for reducing disparities.
This document summarizes research on the meaning of "family" for adolescents living with HIV in Swaziland. It is based on interviews with 13 adolescents between the ages of 12-19 living with HIV. The research found that the meaning of family is fluid and dynamic, referring to nuclear families, the Swazi nation, and HIV support groups. While policies emphasize the role of families in HIV care, the realities of adolescents' lives are more complex. The study explores how adolescents understand the concept of family in the context of their daily experiences with HIV.
Access to HIV prevention and care: Persons with disabilities still left behin...terre des hommes schweiz
Access to HIV prevention and care: Persons with disabilities still left behind
presented by: Muriel Mac-Seing (Handicap International)
at: AIDSFocus Meeting
on: 07. Mai 2015
in: Bern
Exploring Health Inequities among Indigenous Women in Post-Conflict Banglades...iConferences
Prepared by Castillo, T., Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, USA for International Conference on Public Health and Well-being 2019, 4-5 April, Negombo, Sri Lanka
HIV & AIDS Care, Prevention & Treatment for LGBTIs – Addressing Stigma & seco...terre des hommes schweiz
The document discusses challenges facing LGBTQ individuals in South Africa, including high rates of HIV, stigma, lack of inclusion in research and services, and misconceptions about transmission. It summarizes the work of the Gay and Lesbian Network (GLN) to address these issues through outreach, education, advocacy, and lobbying for more inclusive policies. Key efforts include research on men who have sex with men, HIV testing, addressing stigma through workshops and theater, and training healthcare workers and police to be more sensitive to LGBTQ issues. Moving forward, GLN aims to empower the community through more educational programs and advocacy to improve access to healthcare services.
Healthy Communities: Multnomah county is one of the 36 counties in the state of Oregon, located with Portland as its county seat. Portland is the second largest city in Oregon and the most populous metropolitan area in the state (U.S. Census Bureau [USCB], 2008, p. 1). As of 2007, Multnomah County's population is 681,454 people (Sperling, 2008). For the purpose of this study, the community focus will be primarily on the sector of Multnomah County in the 97212 area code, which will be called the Rose Sector.
What is the YAS?
• A locally developed teen survey since 2005.
• Conducted every two years at grades 8, 10 and 12 in participating Ottawa County schools.
• Monitors how behaviors increase, decrease or stay the same over time.
• Measures how many teens are engaged in a variety of risky and beneficial behaviors
affecting their health and well-being.
• Shows the ages when teens may engage in risky behaviors for the first time.
• Indicates what issue areas affect males and females differently.
• Provides evidence-based information about what the biggest needs are (and aren’t)
among Ottawa County teens.
- The population of Boston has become more diverse since 1990, with decreases in the white population share and increases in the Latino, Asian, and other groups' population shares.
- Between 1990 and 2015, the white population decreased from 59% to 46% of Boston's population, while the Latino population increased from 11% to 19% and the Asian population increased from 5% to 9%.
- Racial and ethnic minority populations in Boston have younger median ages, larger household sizes, higher poverty rates, lower educational attainment, and lower incomes compared to white residents.
Social Challenges Facing Low Income Earning Women Living With HIV/AIDS: A Cas...paperpublications3
Abstract: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been in existence for more than twenty years and women account for nearly half the 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS. Women’s rate of new infection surpasses men’s because biological, cultural, and social economic conditions contribute to women’s greater vulnerability to HIV. The challenges that these low-income earning women living with HIV/AIDS face are social, economic, and psychological. When a woman is sick the family’s property, the children’s education, savings and food security are threatened because women provide the majority of labour and managerial services for their household. The purpose of the study was to establish the social challenges that face low-income earning women living with HIV/AIDS. A sample of 248 out of a population of 700 who were receiving Home Based Care within Nakuru Municipality was selected. The study was a survey where Questionnaire and interviews were used to collect data. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that low income women living with HIV/AIDS faced various social challenges such as shame, discrimination, and causing strain in the family among others. The disparities that existed among the singles and the married revealed that one’s marital status determined the extent to which one was ashamed, evoked negative changes in the behaviour of family members and experienced discrimination based on their HIV/AIDS status. The implications of the findings is that the public support for the low-income women living with HIV/AIDS is inadequate and mostly material, and emotional support is also crucial in the management and coping with HIV/AIDS.
This document discusses health disparities and resources for promoting health equity. It defines health disparities as significant disparities in disease rates or health outcomes between populations compared to the general population. It identifies four population groups that experience health disparities: African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, immigrants/refugees, and American Indian/Alaskan Natives. The document outlines unique health issues that affect these and other groups. It also describes several resources for finding health information, including MedlinePlus, the CDC, and databases like PubMed.
This document discusses poverty and health inequities. It finds that those living in poverty experience significantly higher rates of many health issues compared to more affluent groups. For example, in Saskatoon low-income residents are over 1000% more likely to be hospitalized for diabetes or have chlamydia. A survey found most people agree the poor have worse health, and support policies to strengthen early childhood programs, increase income supplements, and expand disease prevention. The document calls on governments and communities, including faith groups, to work together using evidence-based solutions to improve conditions for daily living and reduce health inequities over time.
Faith-based Responses to HIV and AIDS relating to Women in Malawi - Elena Sarra Elena Sarra
Faith-based organizations (FBOs) play an important role in addressing HIV/AIDS in Malawi. [1] Women are disproportionately affected by HIV in Malawi, representing 58% of people living with HIV due to socioeconomic inequalities and lack of power in relationships that increase vulnerability. [2] FBOs deliver a large portion of healthcare in Malawi and have significant influence in communities through religious leaders, making them well positioned to address issues related to HIV like stigma. [3] The document examines the effectiveness of FBO approaches in Malawi in relation to women in areas like reducing new infections, deaths, and discrimination.
Kirmayer-common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees...-2010Marie Munoz-Bertrand
- Migration can affect mental health in both positive and negative ways depending on premigration, migration, and postmigration experiences and stressors.
- Refugees often have higher rates of trauma-related disorders like PTSD due to experiences of violence, while immigrants initially have lower rates of mental health issues than the general population that increase over time.
- Clinical assessment of immigrants and refugees should consider migration-related risks and incorporate use of interpreters to address language/cultural barriers that can impact diagnosis and treatment.
The Madison County AIDS Program (MadCAP) is seeking funding to implement an HIV/AIDS risk reduction program for adolescents in Madison County high schools. The program will use the evidence-based BART (Becoming a Responsible Teen) curriculum over the 2016-2017 school year. The goal is to reduce HIV rates among teens and young adults by increasing HIV knowledge, perceived risk of infection, and safe sex practices. Freshmen students will participate in sessions on causes, transmission, testing and prevention. The program aims to have 75% of participants increase essential HIV knowledge and perceive themselves at higher risk of infection after. It will also teach proper condom use through demonstrations to further prevent spread of HIV. Evaluation will compare pre-
Intersectionality refers to the overlapping and interdependent nature of social categories such as race, class, and gender and how they contribute to systems of oppression, discrimination, and disadvantage. Specifically, intersectionality is the study of how an individual's social and political identities combine to create different modes of discrimination and challenges. It recognizes that people face discrimination from multiple sources that are interconnected and cannot be examined separately.
Este documento presenta el formato para una hoja de vida de un estudiante llamado Harold Pérez Zuluaga. Incluye información personal como nombre, dirección, fecha de nacimiento, estado civil y datos de sus padres y hermano. También detalla su situación económica, actividades extracurriculares, las carreras que más le interesan y cómo se enteró del curso al que desea ingresar.
Social exclusion refers to being disadvantaged and marginalized from society for reasons such as economic problems, family issues, or differences in religion or culture. The school avoids social exclusion in several ways, including providing necessary school materials, language classes, community service projects, a coexistence commission to address absences and behavior, and free time activities to engage students and promote values like respect and companionship.
Social exclusion is a multidimensional, dynamic, and relational process that results from unequal power relations in society. It can impact people in various ways over time through denial of resources, services, and participation. Social exclusion often occurs along lines of discrimination like race, religion, gender, disability, economic status, and caste. It has causes like political, economic, social, and cultural exclusion and forms such as lack of access to employment, education, citizenship, and respect. Impacts include poorer health, education, income inequality, growth, poverty, violence, and subjective well-being. Responses involve sectoral policies, international aid, poverty reduction strategies, and the important role of civil society and social movements in developing identity
Multidimensional Human Poverty - New Approaches in Poverty MeasurementUNDP Eurasia
This document discusses multidimensional approaches to measuring human poverty. It begins by introducing the Alkire-Foster method for measuring multidimensional poverty. It then discusses key considerations in setting up a multidimensional poverty index, including selecting dimensions, indicators, deprivation lines, and weighting. The document outlines the global multidimensional poverty index and provides country examples from Turkey. It also introduces a social exclusion index used in Europe and Central Asia. Finally, it discusses combining qualitative and quantitative data through "micronarratives" to better understand poverty patterns.
This document discusses the concept of intersectionality, which examines how social identities like gender, race, and class intersect and overlap. It was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw to explain how these identities are linked and can experience compounded discrimination. An intersectional lens is important for feminism to consider how experiences differ based on other social factors beyond just gender. Categories like class, age, sexuality, and more are socially constructed and viewed differently cross-culturally. A truly inclusive feminism must acknowledge these intersecting identities.
This document discusses the concept of intersectionality, which refers to how social factors like gender, ethnicity, religion, etc. interact and affect inequalities. It provides examples of issues at the intersection of various factors, like certain forms of gender-based violence. It also discusses why intersectionality is sometimes ignored, such as because addressing minority issues could lead to assumptions that problems only affect minorities. Finally, it outlines six dilemmas in studying intersections, such as balancing structural influences with individual agency, and addressing intersecting issues without reducing their complex nature.
Intersectionality refers to aspects of a person's identity such as race, gender, age, class, religion, sexuality, and national origin. These aspects can carry forms of privilege or oppression, and a person may experience multiple forms of oppression and privilege that intersect. The goal of intersectionality is to recognize similarities and differences in discrimination experiences across groups in order to build solidarity. It acknowledges all forms of oppression and helps people look past themselves to understand others' needs and concerns.
The document discusses intersectionality and how class, ethnicity, and gender interact and affect achievement. It notes that sociologists often study the impact of either culture or class when looking at ethnicity and achievement, but rarely consider their interaction. The document advocates looking at how all of these factors combine and interact to advantage or disadvantage children in their achievement. It also introduces the concept of "interaction effects" where certain combinations of attributes, like being female and black Caribbean, can have a greater impact than others, such as the interaction between gender and being white.
Intersectionality and Socioeconomic Resourcesjdubrow2000
The document discusses different approaches to analyzing intersectionality in quantitative analysis of cross-national survey data. It presents data from the European Social Survey on socioeconomic resources by intersections of gender, ethnicity, and class in France and Germany. Those with multiple disadvantaged demographic categories have lower socioeconomic resources on average, supporting the theory of cumulative disadvantage.
Interactive presentation delivered at Smith College's House Diversity Representative Training Workshop (Building Communities for Social Justice): Sept. 1, 2012
A presentation I made for my senior seminar at Whitman College. Design ideas are drawn from "Presentation Zen".
Some of the more interactive features are, unfortunately, unable to be experienced on SlideShare.
This document provides an overview of intersectionality. It defines intersectionality as a concept that describes how systems of oppression like racism, sexism, homophobia and transphobia intersect and cannot be examined separately. The key aspects are:
- Intersectionality considers that people have multiple identity factors like gender, race, class etc. and examines how these intersect.
- It was coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw to argue that a straight white woman and a non-heterosexual Black woman cannot have their experiences compared and feminism must consider differences.
- Intersectionality calls for recognizing privilege and considering how to accommodate those without privilege for true equality.
The document discusses intersectionality theory and Black feminist thought as developed by Patricia Hill Collins. It explains that intersectionality examines how gender, race, class, and sexuality interact to create social inequalities. Collins argues that Black feminism develops knowledge in ways different from dominant white male perspectives and that Black women's experiences and knowledge should be recognized. The matrix of domination refers to how different forces like class, race and gender intersect to affect people, especially Black women.
The document discusses the concept of social exclusion, which was coined in the 1970s to describe populations that fell through social safety nets. There are multiple definitions of social exclusion involving problems like unemployment, low income, poor housing, and family breakdown. Social exclusion has greater negative impacts on individuals and communities than just the sum of its parts. The document also examines three perspectives on social exclusion: the moral underclass discourse which sees exclusion as a result of individual faults; the social integrationist discourse which focuses on getting people into paid work; and the redistributionist discourse which views exclusion as caused by structural inequality that needs to be addressed through government intervention.
This document discusses the marginalization of various groups in India including Adivasis, Muslims, and other minorities. It provides background information on Adivasis, noting where they live, their cultural practices, and how development has displaced many from their lands. It also discusses laws and policies aimed at promoting social justice and protecting marginalized groups. The Scheduled Tribes Act of 1989 is highlighted as an important law for protecting the rights of Adivasis.
Marginalization refers to the weakening of social ties between an individual and society, which can lead to social exclusion. It is a multidimensional concept relating to lack of integration and resources in areas of production, reproduction, and power. The basic dimensions of marginalization - lack of participation in work, family, consumerism, civic engagement, and influence - interact and reinforce one another, creating a vicious cycle. Marginalization diminishes an individual's life chances due to changes in social connections and opportunities.
Intersectionality refers to the overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination that individuals face based on their social identities and categorizations such as race, class, and gender. To be an ally, one should listen without making assumptions, acknowledge the limits of their own perspective, and create open spaces for diverse perspectives.
The document discusses health equity and the social determinants of health. It defines health as physical, social and mental well-being, not just the absence of disease. Public health is defined as what society collectively does to create conditions for people to be healthy. Health is determined by factors like income, education, housing, environment and social justice. Achieving health equity requires addressing inequalities and injustices to improve health for all.
This document provides an overview of integrating gender into monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of HIV programs. It begins with definitions of key gender-related terms like sex, gender, gender equality, and gender identity. It then discusses why gender is important to consider for HIV outcomes and programming, noting how gender inequality can increase HIV risk. The document reviews approaches to collecting gender-sensitive monitoring and evaluation data, including sex-disaggregated indicators and indicators that directly measure gender attitudes, norms, and inequalities. It emphasizes integrating gender into all aspects of M&E systems and processes to help improve programs and demonstrate their impact on gender equality and HIV outcomes.
This document presents a study examining the association between age of sexual debut and later STD diagnosis among adult females in the United States. The study used 2011-2012 NHANES data of 1,540 women who had been sexually active. It found that 5% had sexual debut before age 14, 54% between 14-18 years, and 41% after 18 years. 21% reported being diagnosed with an STD. Women who had sexual debut before age 14 and after 18 years were more likely to be diagnosed with an STD compared to those between 14-18 years, although only the association for those after 18 remained significant after adjusting for socioeconomic factors.
Root Cause Analysis: A Community Engagement Process for Identifying Social De...JSI
This presentation serves as a training of trainers for the root cause analysis process, where participants will be able to train their organizational staff and community members on the process. In addition, it shows how it can be used for community engagement, coalition building, and to identify the root causes of HIV.
Dalhousie Nursing : Cultural Competency "GLBTI" Presentation Febuary 2011Jonathan Veinot
This document discusses cultural competency in providing care to the GLBTI (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, intersex) population. It outlines key social and cultural aspects of the GLBTI community, health risks they face, and implications for nursing practice, including using a culturally competent model of care. Barriers to healthcare access for the GLBTI population are also examined, such as fear of stigma or lack of provider knowledge.
This document describes the development of an instrument to assess attitudes and behaviors towards LGBT patients among healthcare and social services providers in El Paso, Texas. It involved creating a 37-item survey using a Likert scale to measure providers' comfort levels serving LGBT individuals, asking about inclusive practices, and willingness to undergo sensitivity training. The survey was programmed online and piloted with providers to test the data collection process. Future plans include administering the survey more widely to identify LGBT-friendly providers and create a community referral list. The goal is to better understand local providers and improve health outcomes and access to care for the LGBT population.
Ian's UnityHealth 2019 grand rounds suicide preventionIan Dawe
This document discusses suicide prevention and provides an overview of a presentation on the topic. It begins with background on suicide rates in Ontario and challenges with suicide data collection. It then covers contemporary theories of suicide and the disconnect between what is known and current practices. The presentation aims to describe suicide as a broader issue, discuss quality improvement approaches to prevention, and promote the Project Nøw initiative to improve care for those at risk of suicide. Project Nøw is a collaborative effort between healthcare, education, and community sectors in Peel Region, Ontario to develop a coordinated suicide prevention strategy with the goal of preventing all youth suicide.
Open DataFest III - 3.14.16 - Day One Afternoon SessionsMichael Kerr
Slide presentations delivered during the afternoon sessions of Day One of the California Statewide Health and Human Services Open DataFest - March 14 - 15, 2016, Sacramento, CA
Maile Karris, MD
Research Director, Owen Clinic
Associate Director, San Diego Center for AIDS Research Clinical Investigations Core
Division of Infectious Diseases & Global Public Health
Department of Medicine
University of California, San Diego
I was in a Capstone Community Psychology Class at the University of Cincinnati. In conjunction with this course, we worked alongside the Cincinnati Health Department to try to aid in their Sexual Health and Awareness Toolkit that they presented to local communities in the Cincinnati area.
International professional psychology of serviceSusan Hawes
Western psychologists are called to provide services to address the needs of disadvantaged children in developing countries. Key needs include improving children's health, nutrition, education and development. Successful interventions integrate these areas, involve parents and communities, provide age-appropriate learning activities, and give staff systematic training. Assessments and programs should be culturally-sensitive and empower local people and organizations. Psychologists can help by collaborating with local experts, evaluating programs, conducting research, and teaching about global issues.
The document discusses what social justice means, noting that it is a matter of life and death that affects people's lives and health. It states that life expectancy and health have increased in some parts of the world but failed to improve in others. Overall, social justice determines the way people live and their chances of illness and premature death.
There were 564,000 homeless individuals in the US in 2015. Homelessness increases health risks as the homeless experience barriers to healthcare access and are more likely to use emergency rooms for primary care. A proposed solution is a population-centered healthcare approach using a mobile medical unit that can screen, test and treat the homeless where they live. This reduces barriers by bringing healthcare directly to the homeless. It aims to increase preventative care, manage chronic conditions, and reduce emergency room visits and healthcare costs. Feedback from both patients and practitioners would be used to evaluate the model.
2014 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report Chartbook on Women's ...Ernest Moy
This Chartbook on Women's Health Care is part of a family of documents and tools that support the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report (QDR). The QDR includes annual reports to Congress mandated in the Healthcare Research and Quality Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-129). This chartbook includes a summary of trends in access to and quality of health care care received by women from the QDR and figures illustrating select measures of women's health care.
The Ottawa County Department of Public Health administers the county's Medical Examiner Program. The program investigates all sudden, unexpected, accidental, and violent deaths as required by Michigan law. It consists of a medical examiner, forensic pathologists, medical examiner investigators, and a medical examiner specialist. The report provides first-hand perspectives from a medical examiner investigator and outlines the roles of all personnel involved in investigating deaths and determining causes.
Social determinants of health include factors like socioeconomic status, education, neighborhood and physical environment, employment, and social support systems that influence individual and population health outcomes. Data shows health and outcomes vary between racial/ethnic groups and by geographic factors. Addressing social determinants like access to care, resources, education and employment through multilevel interventions may help reduce health inequities.
Social determinants of health include factors like socioeconomic status, education, neighborhood and physical environment, employment, and social support systems that influence individual and population health outcomes. Data shows health and outcomes vary between racial/ethnic groups and by geographic factors. Addressing social determinants like access to care, resources, education and employment through multilevel interventions may help reduce health inequities.
Similar to Poverty, Intersectional Stigma, and Health Outcomes Among HIV-Positive African Caribbean Black Women in Ontario, Canada (20)
This presentation on AFAO's recent work with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities was given by Michael Frommer at the SiREN Symposium in Perth, June 2016.
The document outlines a four-phase activity to develop culturally appropriate online health resources for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities as well as several CALD populations in Australia. The activity will be overseen by ASHM and involves auditing existing resources, consulting with communities, developing new resources, distributing and promoting them, and evaluating their uptake. Key steps include establishing advisory committees, reviewing current resources, holding workshops to prioritize new materials, subcontracting organizations to create resources, and measuring the impact through surveys and web analytics. The goal is to prevent blood-borne viruses and sexually transmitted infections among these at-risk communities through improved health education.
The document discusses changes to the structure and priorities of AFAO for 2016/17. Due to funding changes, AFAO's international program will expand while its domestic program shrinks. Some staff will leave and the organization will restructure accordingly. Key priorities will include leadership and communications, advocacy, coordination, policy, capacity building, and international work. The organization will need to work smarter with its reduced capacity by collaborating with other community organizations.
This presentation on key strategies for addressing HIV among people from CALD communities and people who travel to high prevalence countries was given by Corie Gray from Curtin University and CoPAHM at AFAO'S HIV and Mobility Forum on 30 May 2016.
This presentation on a directory of HIV health promotion programs and resources that engage with people from CALD communities was given by Jill Sergeant from AFAO at AFAO'S HIV and Mobility Forum on 30 May 2016.
This presentation on findings from a trial of providing HIV medication to people not eligible for Medicare was given by Tony Maynard from the National Association of People With HIV Australia (NAPWHA) at AFAO'S HIV and Mobility Forum on 30 May 2016.
This presentation on HIV diagnoses among people from CALD communities was given by Praveena Gunaratnam from the Kirby Institute at AFAO'S HIV and Mobility Forum on 30 May 2016.
Drawing upon HIV surveillance data and the Seroconversion Study, this presentation explores reasons for late diagnosis of HIV and barriers to testing among gay men and other MSM in Australia. The presentation was given by Phillip Keen from the Kirby Institute at AFAO's National Gay Men's HIV Health Promotion Conference in April 2016.
This document provides a summary of a directory of health promotion programs and resources for HIV and culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. The directory aims to support organizations working with CALD communities on HIV-related issues. It includes summaries of program activities, objectives, outcomes, evaluation details, downloads, and contact information for each listing. The feedback on the directory was positive, noting it is a valuable resource for research and ideas. Recommendations include organizations using the resource, updating it regularly, and holding a forum to further build capacity and identify programs for national support.
A report on findings from the AHOD Temporary Resident Access Study, which looked at access to HIV treatments for people not eligible for Medicare. This presentation was given at the AFAO Community Hub at the ASHM 2015 conference.
Lea Narciso from SA Health discusses the changing epidemic in South Australia, which now includes an increasing number of people born overseas, and the government's policy response. This presentation was given at the AFAO Community Hub at the ASHM 2015 conference.
This Report Card provides an overview of national momentum on HIV and mobility, highlighting areas with strong momentum and areas that are limited. This presentation was given at the AFAO Community Hub at the ASHM 2015 conference.
ComePrepd is the Queensland AIDS Councils (QuAC) new campaign for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) which aims to encourage open discussion in the gay community. This presentation discusses the design of the campaign and its various stages. This presentation was given at the AFAO Community Hub at the ASHM 2015 conference.
Alison Coelho from the Centre for Culture, Ethnicity and Health describes a program which partnered with faith & community leaders around preventing BBV/STI transmission in migrant and refugee communities. This presentation was given at the AFAO Community Hub at the ASHM 2015 conference.
An overview of how the 2 Spirits Program at the Queensland AIDS Council adapts a western health promotion framework into a cultural framework to engage Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander communities around HIV and sexual health. This presentation was given at the AFAO Community Hub at the ASHM 2015 conference.
This presentation on the priorities and challenges for the HIV response in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities was given by Michael Costello-Czok (Executive Officer – Anwernekenhe National HIV Alliance - ANA) at the AFAO Members Forum - May 2015.
This presentation on the expansion of AFAO's African communities project to encompass other CALD and mobile populations was given by Jill Sergeant, AFAO Project Officer, at the AFAO Members Forum - May 2015.
This document discusses using systems approaches to better understand peer-based programs for HIV and HCV. It summarizes work done with various organizations representing people who use drugs, gay men, people living with HIV, sex workers, and others. Systems approaches were used to develop more sophisticated theories of how peer-based programs work and influence communities. System dynamics maps showed how interventions engage with communities. Key functions and draft indicators were identified to demonstrate influence and help programs evaluate their work and influence on communities and policies. The document provides an overview of the Understanding What Works & Why (W3) project which aims to help answer questions about program influence and effectiveness using systems approaches.
This presentation on what social research indicates will be effective anti-stigma interventions was given by Prof John de Wit, Centre for Social REsearch in Health (CSRH), at the AFAO Members Forum - May 2015.
More from Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations (20)
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Poverty, Intersectional Stigma, and Health Outcomes Among HIV-Positive African Caribbean Black Women in Ontario, Canada
1. www.aids2014.org
Poverty, Intersectional Stigma,
and Health Outcomes Among
HIV-Positive African Caribbean
Black Women in Ontario,
Canada
Carmen Logie1,2, PhD; Wangari Tharao3 PhD (c);
Mona Loutfy2, M.D.
1: Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada; 2: Women’s College Research Institute, University of Toronto: 3:
Women’s Health in Women’s Hands Community Health Centre, Toronto,
Canada
3. www.aids2014.org
Background
• African Caribbean Black (ACB) women are 7-
fold overrepresented in new HIV infections in
comparison with their white counterparts in
Canada (PHAC, HIV and AIDS in Canada. Surveillance Report to December 31, 2008. 2009, Public
Health Agency of Canada: Ottawa.)
4. www.aids2014.org
Background
• Qualitative research with ACB women in Canada
highlight intersecting stigma and discrimination:
• Increase vulnerability to HIV infection
• Reduce access to care
• Negatively impact mental health
(Logie, James, Tharao & Loutfy, 2011; Newman et al., 2008; Tharoa & Massaquoi, 2001; Williams et al., 2009)
5. www.aids2014.org
Stigma Processes
• Link and Phelan (2001) reconceptualized stigma
as processes of:
– Labeling, stereotyping, separation, status loss, and
discrimination in contexts of power inequity
• Occur across multiple statuses (e.g. HIV,
ethnoracial identity, gender) and levels
(individual, structural, social conditions)
6. www.aids2014.org
Poverty and HIV-related Stigma
• HIV-related stigma associated with:
– poverty, stress, deleterious mental and physical
health and AIDS-related mortality (Logie & Gadalla, 2009; Tsai, 2013)
• Associations between HIV-related stigma and
poverty contribute to social exclusion:
– symbolic exclusion: HIV representative of illness and
death (Pryor, 1989; Tsai, 2013)
– Instrumental: PLHIV not seen as equal contributors of
material resources (Pryor, 1989; Tsai, 2013)
– institutional: workplace discrimination, medical
coverage linked with disability insurance (Logie et al. 2011)
7. www.aids2014.org
Poverty and HIV
• Poverty is a powerful structural driver of HIV
infection—as are racial and gender inequity (Gupta et
al., 2008)
• Less is known how poverty continues to
influence the lives and health of ACB women
living with HIV in Canada
8. www.aids2014.org
Gaps in the Literature
• HIV-related stigma, sexism and racism have
each been examined as stressors with
negative health impacts—largely have been
looked at separately
(e.g. Hatzenbuehler, Phelan & Link, 2013; Logie & Gadalla, 2009; Paradies, 2006; Szymanski & Stewart, 2010)
• Associations between poverty, stigma and health
are complex and unclear (Fuller-Rowell et al. 2012; Simons et al., 2013; Schulz et al.
2012)
– Do certain types of stigma mediate the relationship
between poverty and health?
– If so, what types of stigma, what health outcomes, and for
who?
9. www.aids2014.org
Gaps in Literature
• Scant research has examined poverty, stigma
and:
• multiple forms of stigma (i.e. racial discrimination,
gender discrimination, HIV related stigma)
concomitantly (e.g. Logie & Gadalla, 2009; Mahajan et al., 2008)
• more than one health outcome (Hatzenbuehler 2013)
• multiple levels of analyses (intra/interpersonal, structural)
(Hatzenbuehler 2013)
11. www.aids2014.org
Intersectionality
• Interdependent and mutually constitutive
relationship between social identities and social
inequities (Bowleg, 2008; Collins, 2000; Crenshaw, 1989)
• Examines multiple, interlocking forms of stigma
and inequities across multi-levels of analysis
12. www.aids2014.org
Fundamental Cause Theory
• Social contexts and factors are associated with
persistent health inequities (Link & Phelan, 1995)
• Fundamental social causes:
– Influence multiple health outcomes
– Involve access to resources (money, knowledge,
power, status) that could lower health risks or lessen
impacts of illness
– Linked to health inequities over time and in different
places (Link & Phelan, 1995; Phelan et al., 2010)
13. www.aids2014.org
Objectives
1. Examine associations between perceived poverty and:
– intrapersonal (resilient coping)
– interpersonal (social support)
– structural (racial discrimination, gender discrimination, HIV-
related stigma)
– health (self-rated health, depression, quality of life)
outcomes among ACB women living with HIV in
Ontario, Canada
2. Explore intersectional stigma (racial discrimination,
gender discrimination, HIV-related stigma) as mediators
of the association between perceived poverty and health
outcomes
15. www.aids2014.org
Methods
• A community-based, multi-method approach
• Qualitative Phase 1: 15 focus groups with
diverse women living with HIV (n=104) in five
cities across Ontario, Canada
16.
17. www.aids2014.org
Methods
• Quantitative Phase 2: Cross-sectional survey
with HIV-positive African Caribbean Black
women in 5 cities in Ontario, Canada
• Peer-driven recruitment and purposive sampling
18. www.aids2014.org
Measures
• HIV-related Stigma Scale Revised (Wright et al., 2007)
• Everyday Discrimination Scale: Race (Clark et al., 2004;
Forman et al., 1997),
• WHOQOL-HIV BREF (WHO, 2002)
• MOS Social Support Scale (Sherborne & Stewart, 1991)
• Brief Resilient Coping Scale (Sinclair & Wallston, 2004)
• Perceived poverty: “do you consider yourself to
be poor?” (5 point Likert scale)
• Depression: Beck Depression Inventory Fast-
Screen (Beck et al., 1997)
19. www.aids2014.org
Data Analysis
• 1. Multiple logistic regression analyses to assess
associations between:
– Perceiving oneself as poor (dichotomized: agree/strongly agree)
and intrapersonal, interpersonal, structural and health factors
• 2. Mediation analyses to assess if perceived
poverty was associated with significant changes
in the mediator variables (HIV-related stigma,
racial discrimination, gender discrimination)
which would impact health outcomes
– Preacher and Hayes bootstrapping method (SPSS macro)
21. www.aids2014.org
Table 1. Socio-demographic Characteristics
of participants (n=173)
Characteristic Mean (SD)
Age, yrs 40.7 (8.8)
Monthly income (median) $1,400.00 (Range: 0- $7,916.00)
n %
Education
less than high school 45 26.0
high school 60 34.7
college diploma 44 25.4
university degree 24 13.9
Agree/Strongly Agree they perceive
themselves as poor
90 52.0
African ethnicity 89 51.4
Caribbean ethnicity 84 48.6
22. www.aids2014.org
Table 2. Indicators of Economic Insecurity
Is there enough income per month to: No Yes
Pay for your rent/mortgage in full every month on
time?
39 (22.5%) 134
(77.5%)
Pay for medication costs not covered by other
sources?
47 (27.2%) 126
(72.8%)
Pay for food each month? 66 (38.2%) 107
(61.8%)
Pay for transportation costs every month? 69 (39.9%) 104
(60.1%)
Pay for childcare costs that are not covered by
other sources?
72 (41.6%) 101
(58.4%)
Pay for supplements, or other forms of healthcare? 102 (59.0%) 71
(41.0%)
Pay for heating/cooling of your
room/apartment/home?
100 (57.8%) 73
(42.2%)
Allow for fun activities i.e. movies, go out to dinner? 111 (64.2%) 62
(35.8%)
23. www.aids2014.org
Table 4. Univariate and multivariate logistic
modeling of factors associated with
perceived poverty
Variables Unadjusted logistic
regression analyses,
OR (95% CI)
p value Adjusted logistic
regression analyses1,
OR (95% CI)
p value
Socio-demographic
Variables
Age 1.00 (0.97, 1.04) 0.74
Education 1.11 (0.83, 1.47) 0.49
Income 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) 0.24
Ethnicity (Caribbean vs.
African)
0.41 (0.21, 0.81) 0.01*
Health Quality of life 0.97 (0.95, 0.99) 0.01* 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) 0.01*
Depression 1.09 (1.01, 1.18) 0.03* 1.12 (1.01, 1.25) 0.03*
Self-rated health 0.72 (0.51, 1.01) 0.05 0.60 (0.38, 0.94) 0.03**
Physical exams in past 5 years 0.48 (0.86, 0.99) 0.04* 0.94 (0.85, 1.0) 0.25
Structural factors:
economic insecurity
Not enough monthly income to
buy food
0.28 (1.46, 5.44) 0.00** 4.02 (1.69, 9.58) 0.00**
Not enough monthly income to
buy supplements or other
forms of healthcare
2.82 (1.44, 5.53) 0.00** 4.20 (1.75, 10.08) 0.00**
Not enough monthly income to
pay for home’s
heating/cooling
3.44 (1.77, 6.69) 0.00** 4.09 (1.74, 9.61) 0.00**
Not enough monthly income to
allow for fun activities
3.54 (1.72, 7.28) 0.00** 3.07 (1.30, 7.26) 0.01*
24. www.aids2014.org
Variables Unadjusted logistic
regression analyses,
OR (95% CI)
p value Adjusted logistic
regression
analyses1, OR (95%
CI)
p value
Intrapersonal
factors
Resilient coping 0.94 (0.86, 1.02) 0.15 0.86 (0.75, 0.97) 0.02*
Interpersonal
Factors
Social support (total score) 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) 0.00** 0.95 (0.92, 0.97) 0.01*
Social support: emotional
support
0.56 (0.42, 0.75) 0.00** 0.58 (0.40, 0.84) 0.00**
Social support:
informational support
0.59 (0.43, 0.80) 0.00** 0.55 (0.36, 0.82) 0.00**
Social support: tangible
support
0.65 (0.49, 0.86) 0.00** 0.62 (0.43, 0.88) 0.01*
Social support:
affectionate support
0.59 (0.45, 0.79) 0.00** 0.48 (0.32, 0.74) 0.00**
Social support: positive
social interaction
0.59 (0.44, 0.78) 0.00** 0.49 (0.33, 0.73) 0.00**
Structural factors:
stigma
Racial discrimination 1.11 (1.06, 1.17) 0.00** 1.12 (1.06, 1.19) 0.00**
Gender discrimination 1.08 (1.04, 1.12) 0.00** 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) 0.02*
HIV-related stigma (total
score)
1.13 (1.07, 1.19) 0.00* 1.15 (1.07, 1.23) 0.00**
HIV-related stigma:
personalized
1.69 (1.28, 2.24) 0.00** 1.86 (1.29, 2.68) 0.00**
HIV-related stigma:
disclosure
1.80 (1.26, 2.57) 0.00** 1.65 (1.04, 2.62) 0.03*
HIV-related stigma: negative
self-image
1.25 (0.98, 1.59) 0.07 1.25 (0.92, 1.69) 0.16
HIV-related stigma: public
attitudes
2.45 (1.64, 3.67) 0.00** 2.34 (1.46, 3.74) 0.00**
25. www.aids2014.org
Stigma as mediators of associations
between poverty and depression
• Total effect of perceived poverty on
depression: t=2.36, p=0.02* (CI: 0.10, 1.14)
• Direct effect was not significant after
controlling for:
– gender discrimination: t=1.82, p=0.07 (CI: -0.04,
1.01)
– racial discrimination: t=1.52, p=0.13 (CI: -0.12,
0.94)
– HIV-related stigma: t=0.49, p=0.62 (CI: -0.04,
0.69)
26. www.aids2014.org
Stigma as mediators of associations
between poverty and QOL
• Total effect of perceived poverty on QOL: t=-
3.78, p=0.00* (CI: -6.06, -1.91)
• Direct effect insignificant after controlling for:
– HIV-related stigma: t=-1.95, p=0.05 (CI: -4.38,
0.03)
• Direct effect significant after controlling for:
– gender discrimination: t=-3.08, p=0.00* (CI: -5.25,
-1.15)
– racial discrimination: t=-2.73, p=0.01* (CI: -4.96, -
0.79)
27. www.aids2014.org
Stigma as mediators of associations
between poverty and SRH
• Total effect of perceived poverty on
depression: t=-2.40, p=0.02* (CI: -0.29, -0.03)
• Direct effect insignificant after controlling for:
– gender discrimination: t=1.87, p=0.06 (CI: -0.25,
0.01)
– racial discrimination: t=-1.95, p=0.05 (CI: -0.27,
0.00)
– HIV-related stigma: t=-1.03, p=0.30 (CI: -0.21,
0.07)
28. www.aids2014.org
Stigma as mediators of the effect of
perceived poverty on depression and self-
rated health
Gender discrimination
Racial discrimination
HIV-related stigma
Perceived
poverty
Depression
Self-rated
health
29. www.aids2014.org
Stigma as mediators of the effect of
perceived poverty on depression and self-
rated health
Gender discrimination*
Racial discrimination*
HIV-related stigma
Perceived
poverty
Quality of life
* Partial mediator
31. www.aids2014.org
Discussion
Structural
contexts of
health
Corroborates prior research on health impacts of poverty,
HIV related stigma, gender and racial discrimination (e.g.
Hatzenbuehler et al. 2013; Krieger et al. 2011; Logie & Gadalla, 2009; Schulz et al. 2012)
Highlights high rates of perceived poverty and economic
insecurity among HIV-positive ACB women in Ontario
Complexity
of
perceived
poverty
Perceived poverty associated with economic insecurity
indicators—suggests the need to move beyond controlling for
income towards exploring economic insecurity
Contradictory findings in literature regarding stigma as a
mediator in relationship between poverty and health (Fuller-Rowell
et al. 2012; Simons et al., 2013; Schulz et al. 2012): this needs more exploration
among PLHIV
32. www.aids2014.org
Implications for Interventions
Structural: macro
Poverty reduction
Strategies to reduce
intersectional stigma:
HIV-related, racism,
sexism
Community: meso
Build social support
Address stigmatizing
social norms and social
exclusion
Intra/interpersonal: micro
Intra: resilient coping,
address depression
Inter: disclosure
interventions
33. www.aids2014.org
Research Implications
Methodological
• Longitudinal
design
• Quantitative
approaches to
intersectional
research
• Examine
multiple: health
outcomes,
forms of
stigma, levels
of analysis
Theoretical
• Intersectional
stigma as
fundamental
causes of
population
health
inequity—most
research has
looked at
poverty
Stigma
mechanisms
• Need to
explore
dimensions and
types of stigma
associated with
perceived
poverty and
various health
outcomes
• Examine
stigma’s role as
a mediator
34. www.aids2014.org
Acknowledgments
• Co-authors and colleagues, Wangari Tharao and Mona
Loutfy
• Peer research assistants and participants
• Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) funding
• carmen.logie@utoronto.ca