The document discusses phytochemicals and their potential benefits as animal feed supplements, noting that phytochemicals from plants may provide antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immune-stimulating effects as alternatives to antibiotic use. It also outlines some limitations of phytochemical supplements including a lack of standardization and scientific evidence. Methods for standardizing herbal formulations are proposed based on WHO guidelines to help address these limitations.
Biodynamic farming is a form of organic agriculture developed by Rudolf Steiner that treats soils, plants, and animals holistically. It uses composts made with certain plant and mineral preparations according to lunar rhythms. Key principles include integrating livestock, using astronomical calendars for planting, and considering cosmic energies. Biodynamic farms aim for self-sufficiency and improving soil structure and life through organic matter and humus. Preparations like horn manure and silica are used as sprays, while six herbs are used in composting. Planting follows a lunar calendar correlating plant parts to lunar and astrological cycles. Research shows biodynamic farms have higher yields and incomes compared to conventional farms.
Combating heat stress of poultry by dietary manipulationMusabbir Ahammed
Poultry heat stress problem occurs severe production fall. Heat stress may overcome by improved management, special care and also dietary manipulation. This slide is the good opportunity to obtain knowledge how to resolve heat stress problem of poultry especially chicken. I hope it would be helpful for both poultry producers and poultry researchers.
The document summarizes challenges facing the animal health sector due to the 2008 global economic recession, including rising feed costs and declining livestock prices. It discusses the need for sustainable and efficient livestock farming through optimizing feed utilization and biological conversion. The document promotes the company Ayurvet's herbal animal health products as solutions that can boost immunity, productivity and profitability in a safe, scientific and sustainable manner. It provides examples of Ayurvet's herbal replacements for synthetic feed additives and additives that increase phosphorus utilization and nitrogen savings.
Organic meat production has unique standards to ensure the health and sustainable treatment of animals. While organic regulations require access to pastures and organic feed, the label alone does not guarantee high animal welfare. Some organic farms have been found to keep animals in poor health conditions due to exposure to elements or lack of medical care. Overall, organic standards are intended to improve environmental and health outcomes, but do not necessarily provide consistently high animal welfare compared to all conventional operations. The higher costs of organic meat may not guarantee better living conditions for animals in all cases.
We are a consortium of agriculture specialists that provides consultancy and training services for organic crop and livestock production. Our services include training farmers on organic methods, direct marketing of organic products, and promoting indigenous crops and animals. Livestock should be raised organically without synthetic inputs to produce healthy, residue-free products and allow animals to exhibit natural behaviors. A conventional farm can convert to organic by following certification procedures and withdrawal periods for treated animals. Organically certified livestock products are distinguished by certification labels.
Factors that influence feed consumption in chickens include the type and age of the bird, growth and production rates, energy content and particle size of the feed, water availability, health status, ambient temperature, stress levels, and fiber content. Feed intake is higher for meat birds than layers, increases with age, and is inversely related to energy levels and particle size. Water intake depends on temperature, diet composition, and growth rate. Disease, stress, heat, poor air or litter quality can decrease consumption.
Presentation from the Informal Consultation on Livestock Issues between the FAO Animal Production and Health Division and interested Non-Governmental Organizations. 1–2 December 2009 Italy, Rome FAO Headquarters.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
Biodynamic farming is a form of organic agriculture developed by Rudolf Steiner that treats soils, plants, and animals holistically. It uses composts made with certain plant and mineral preparations according to lunar rhythms. Key principles include integrating livestock, using astronomical calendars for planting, and considering cosmic energies. Biodynamic farms aim for self-sufficiency and improving soil structure and life through organic matter and humus. Preparations like horn manure and silica are used as sprays, while six herbs are used in composting. Planting follows a lunar calendar correlating plant parts to lunar and astrological cycles. Research shows biodynamic farms have higher yields and incomes compared to conventional farms.
Combating heat stress of poultry by dietary manipulationMusabbir Ahammed
Poultry heat stress problem occurs severe production fall. Heat stress may overcome by improved management, special care and also dietary manipulation. This slide is the good opportunity to obtain knowledge how to resolve heat stress problem of poultry especially chicken. I hope it would be helpful for both poultry producers and poultry researchers.
The document summarizes challenges facing the animal health sector due to the 2008 global economic recession, including rising feed costs and declining livestock prices. It discusses the need for sustainable and efficient livestock farming through optimizing feed utilization and biological conversion. The document promotes the company Ayurvet's herbal animal health products as solutions that can boost immunity, productivity and profitability in a safe, scientific and sustainable manner. It provides examples of Ayurvet's herbal replacements for synthetic feed additives and additives that increase phosphorus utilization and nitrogen savings.
Organic meat production has unique standards to ensure the health and sustainable treatment of animals. While organic regulations require access to pastures and organic feed, the label alone does not guarantee high animal welfare. Some organic farms have been found to keep animals in poor health conditions due to exposure to elements or lack of medical care. Overall, organic standards are intended to improve environmental and health outcomes, but do not necessarily provide consistently high animal welfare compared to all conventional operations. The higher costs of organic meat may not guarantee better living conditions for animals in all cases.
We are a consortium of agriculture specialists that provides consultancy and training services for organic crop and livestock production. Our services include training farmers on organic methods, direct marketing of organic products, and promoting indigenous crops and animals. Livestock should be raised organically without synthetic inputs to produce healthy, residue-free products and allow animals to exhibit natural behaviors. A conventional farm can convert to organic by following certification procedures and withdrawal periods for treated animals. Organically certified livestock products are distinguished by certification labels.
Factors that influence feed consumption in chickens include the type and age of the bird, growth and production rates, energy content and particle size of the feed, water availability, health status, ambient temperature, stress levels, and fiber content. Feed intake is higher for meat birds than layers, increases with age, and is inversely related to energy levels and particle size. Water intake depends on temperature, diet composition, and growth rate. Disease, stress, heat, poor air or litter quality can decrease consumption.
Presentation from the Informal Consultation on Livestock Issues between the FAO Animal Production and Health Division and interested Non-Governmental Organizations. 1–2 December 2009 Italy, Rome FAO Headquarters.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
The document discusses organic feed production guidelines in India. It provides an introduction to organic agriculture principles and the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) in India, which oversees organic certification. The NPOP requires that livestock and poultry diets consist of at least 85-80% feedstuffs from organic sources. The document also outlines specific NPOP regulations for organic feed production, including allowed feed ingredients and additives, and processing and handling standards for organic animal feed.
Nutrition in relation to diseases and heat stress in poultryBen Imad
This document summarizes the relationship between nutrition and diseases and heat stress in poultry. It discusses how proper nutritional strategies and feed formulations can help minimize infectious diseases, nervous disorders, and metabolic disorders in poultry. Specifically, it outlines how vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients can help prevent or reduce the impact of diseases like coccidiosis, ranikhet disease, and neurological issues. The document also examines how heat stress can impact poultry health and production, and what nutritional approaches like modifying energy and protein levels can help mitigate the effects of heat stress.
This document provides information about biodynamic agriculture, which was founded in 1924 by Rudolf Steiner. It discusses the key principles of biodynamic farming, which treats the farm as a holistic living system. The document also describes the various biodynamic preparations that are used, such as the horn manure 500 and horn silica 501, as well as how they are made and applied. It explains that the preparations aim to build healthy soil and nourish plants by working with cosmic and subtle energies.
Natural farming shows us how to conserve Natural Resources by Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document discusses natural farming techniques that avoid the use of toxic chemicals and synthetic products. It describes natural farming as allowing crops to grow with minimal human interference in a 100% natural environment. Several natural farming practices are then outlined, including no tillage, no use of pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers or artificial heating. The document also discusses preparing homemade farming inputs and feeds according to the nutritive cycle theory. Overall, the document promotes natural farming techniques as a way to grow healthy, high quality food while protecting the environment.
Biodynamic agriculture is a holistic farming system developed in the 1920s in response to concerns about soil health and crop quality with chemical fertilizers. It emphasizes treating the whole farm as a living organism and considers influences on the farm from cosmic and terrestrial forces. Biodynamic practices include both "biological" techniques like composting and green manures, as well as "dynamic" techniques intended to influence vital life forces, such as special compost preparations and planting according to lunar calendars. Biodynamic agriculture remains distinct from other organic methods due to its basis in the spiritual philosophy of anthroposophy.
This document discusses three future trends for aquaculture nutrition: fighting disease, meeting customer expectations, and being innovative. It outlines challenges like disease outbreaks and antibiotic resistance. It presents solutions like acidifiers and phytogenics to control pathogens without antibiotics. It also discusses customer demands for quality products produced through sustainable and humane practices. The document promotes Dr. Eckel products like CaPlus ME acidifier and AntaOx phytogenic to improve animal health and performance naturally.
Cooking food has several benefits: it makes food easier to digest, improves appearance, texture, color, flavor and taste, and adds variety to meals. There are three main methods of cooking food - with moist heat, dry heat, and by frying. Boiling is a common moist heat method where food is cooked in water. Steaming cooks food with hot steam without being immersed in water, helping retain nutrients. Pressure cooking uses trapped steam under pressure to cook foods very quickly. Dry heat methods like baking and roasting do not use water and can leave foods crispy.
Herbal Foods and its Medicinal Values (CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, FATS, MINER...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Food has been a basic part of our existence. Through the centuries we have acquired a wealth of information about the use of food as a part of our community, social, national and religious life. It has been used as an expression of love, friendship and social acceptance without knowing the medicinal values of such food. India is one of the leading herbal food producer and exporter in the world. Traditional use of herbal medicines is recognized as a way to learn about potential future medicines. Several meticulous researches were conducted and experimented with herbal food.
See more:-
https://goo.gl/B5sgQQ
https://goo.gl/HdATS6
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23845886
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on #Street View
https://goo.gl/VstWkd
Cooking preservation, types of cooking and methods of cookingsonia dagar
Cooking food involves applying heat through various methods like conduction, convection and radiation. This causes chemical and physical changes in foods that make them safer, easier to digest and more palatable. The main cooking methods are moist heat cooking using boiling, simmering and steaming, and dry heat cooking like baking, roasting and frying. Each method impacts foods in different ways like making meat tender through braising or keeping vegetables nutritious by blanching. Proper application of heat during various cooking processes helps prepare tasty, nutritious meals.
This document discusses food preservatives, including their types (natural, chemical, artificial), common examples, techniques, and roles in preventing food spoilage. It notes that preservatives can be added directly to foods or used in physical preservation methods like refrigeration. While preservatives help food safety and quality, some chemical preservatives may pose health risks if consumed in large amounts, so regulatory oversight aims to ensure they are generally recognized as safe. The document concludes that public awareness of preservatives is uneven and foodborne illness remains an issue, so preservatives help but also introduce potential side effects that must be considered.
Dr. Abdirashid Ahmed Hussein provides information about food science and food resources in Somalia. The main food resources in Somalia are animals like fish, camels, cows, goats and sheep, as well as plants like sorghum, corn and beans. Food provides nutrients and energy, and fulfills the body's demands. Plants and animals are the main sources of food. Food can become contaminated with microorganisms from various sources like air, soil, water and humans. Reducing microbial loads in foods from plants involves using treated sewage, quick washing, and cold storage. For animal foods, good hygiene practices during housing, feeding, testing for pathogens, cleaning carcasses and udders are important
This document provides an overview of poultry nutrition and feeding. It discusses the commercial poultry production industry and factors that influence feed costs such as disease control and genetic improvement. It describes the general steps in poultry diet formulation and common feed ingredients such as corn, soybean meal, fish meal, and supplemental vitamins and minerals. The document also outlines the nutritional needs and common diet types for different stages of growth in chickens, turkeys, and laying hens including starter, broiler, growing, and laying diets.
This document provides information on various cooking methods. It discusses cooking methods that use water, fat, or direct heat as the medium. Water-based methods include steaming, boiling, poaching, stewing, and braising. Fat-based methods include roasting, pot roasting, oven roasting, spit roasting, tandoori roasting, sautéing, shallow frying, and deep frying. Heat-based methods include grilling, baking, and smoking. The document explains the procedures and advantages of each cooking method.
Cooking food provides several benefits: it increases digestibility, preserves nutrients, and kills harmful bacteria. There are various methods of cooking, including dry-heat methods like baking, roasting, and grilling, and moist-heat methods like boiling, simmering, and steaming. Regardless of the specific method, cooking works by applying heat through conduction, convection, or radiation to cause physical and chemical changes in foods.
This document discusses various methods of cooking food including heat transfer methods like conduction, convection, and radiation. It then provides details on specific cooking methods like boiling, poaching, steaming, baking, roasting, grilling, shallow frying, deep frying, and microwaving. For each method, it defines the technique, provides examples of foods that can be cooked with that method, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages.
ROLE OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY ANIMALSDr. PRASANTH M NAIR
Global warming and climate change, causing a constant increase in the earth temperature, negatively affects the production and health of dairy animals by causing heat stress. Animal's inability to dissipate sufficient heat to maintain homeothermy results in heat stress. Both environmental temperature and humidity impact the severity of stress faced by the animals and is manifested as reduced feed intake, decreased production and reproductive performance with comprised immune functions of livestock. This paper will focus on the micronutrients which help to alleviate the negative impact of heat stress on dairy animals.Micronutrients are essential elements needed by life in small quantities. It includes major minerals, micro/trace minerals and vitamins. Micronutrients help to maintain the production of the animals, improve the nutrient usage, effectively neutralize the oxidant stress and strengthen the compromised immune system.Minerals play an important role in maintaining normal physiological functions in animals. However, heat stress responses are thought to increase mineral loss by excretion in animals. Hence, mineral supplement (DCAD, Zinc, Chromium, Selenium etc) to the diet might alleviate the adverse effects of thermal stress.Vitamins function as enzyme cofactors, participate in a variety of metabolic pathways as catalysts and are essential for the normal growth and development of animals. The addition of vitamins supplements (Vitamin E, Niacin etc) to the diet of dairy animals might also contribute to the relief of the negative effects of heat stress.
Pashudhan is India's No. 1 Veterinary monthly journal dedicated to animal health care.
Glimpse on April 2011 issue:
1. Social networking as a boon to moders veterinary practice in india.
2. Vasectomy in rats.
3. Painless killing a painful decision for veterinarian.
4. ICT's as a tool for knowledge dissemination among farmers in rural india.
5. Role of nutrition for designer poultry egg and meat production.
6. Research spotlight.
7. First aid for animals.
8. national and international news.
9. environmental oxygen and carbondioxide levels affected by human activities.
10. Cofee time.
11. Pre-partum crvico vaginal prolapse cum induction of parturition in a cow.
This document appears to contain abbreviations and codes that reference an individual's education and employment history over a two year period from 2010 to 2012. It includes dates and what seem to be organization or school codes but does not provide enough contextual information to fully understand its meaning or purpose.
The document is a collection of verses and passages about heaven. It describes heaven as God's dwelling place, a place of holiness, eternal habitation, and health. It emphasizes that heaven is for overcomers and that only those whose names are written in the Lamb's book of life will enter. The overall message is that heaven should be our goal and focus as believers.
The document discusses organic feed production guidelines in India. It provides an introduction to organic agriculture principles and the National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP) in India, which oversees organic certification. The NPOP requires that livestock and poultry diets consist of at least 85-80% feedstuffs from organic sources. The document also outlines specific NPOP regulations for organic feed production, including allowed feed ingredients and additives, and processing and handling standards for organic animal feed.
Nutrition in relation to diseases and heat stress in poultryBen Imad
This document summarizes the relationship between nutrition and diseases and heat stress in poultry. It discusses how proper nutritional strategies and feed formulations can help minimize infectious diseases, nervous disorders, and metabolic disorders in poultry. Specifically, it outlines how vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients can help prevent or reduce the impact of diseases like coccidiosis, ranikhet disease, and neurological issues. The document also examines how heat stress can impact poultry health and production, and what nutritional approaches like modifying energy and protein levels can help mitigate the effects of heat stress.
This document provides information about biodynamic agriculture, which was founded in 1924 by Rudolf Steiner. It discusses the key principles of biodynamic farming, which treats the farm as a holistic living system. The document also describes the various biodynamic preparations that are used, such as the horn manure 500 and horn silica 501, as well as how they are made and applied. It explains that the preparations aim to build healthy soil and nourish plants by working with cosmic and subtle energies.
Natural farming shows us how to conserve Natural Resources by Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document discusses natural farming techniques that avoid the use of toxic chemicals and synthetic products. It describes natural farming as allowing crops to grow with minimal human interference in a 100% natural environment. Several natural farming practices are then outlined, including no tillage, no use of pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers or artificial heating. The document also discusses preparing homemade farming inputs and feeds according to the nutritive cycle theory. Overall, the document promotes natural farming techniques as a way to grow healthy, high quality food while protecting the environment.
Biodynamic agriculture is a holistic farming system developed in the 1920s in response to concerns about soil health and crop quality with chemical fertilizers. It emphasizes treating the whole farm as a living organism and considers influences on the farm from cosmic and terrestrial forces. Biodynamic practices include both "biological" techniques like composting and green manures, as well as "dynamic" techniques intended to influence vital life forces, such as special compost preparations and planting according to lunar calendars. Biodynamic agriculture remains distinct from other organic methods due to its basis in the spiritual philosophy of anthroposophy.
This document discusses three future trends for aquaculture nutrition: fighting disease, meeting customer expectations, and being innovative. It outlines challenges like disease outbreaks and antibiotic resistance. It presents solutions like acidifiers and phytogenics to control pathogens without antibiotics. It also discusses customer demands for quality products produced through sustainable and humane practices. The document promotes Dr. Eckel products like CaPlus ME acidifier and AntaOx phytogenic to improve animal health and performance naturally.
Cooking food has several benefits: it makes food easier to digest, improves appearance, texture, color, flavor and taste, and adds variety to meals. There are three main methods of cooking food - with moist heat, dry heat, and by frying. Boiling is a common moist heat method where food is cooked in water. Steaming cooks food with hot steam without being immersed in water, helping retain nutrients. Pressure cooking uses trapped steam under pressure to cook foods very quickly. Dry heat methods like baking and roasting do not use water and can leave foods crispy.
Herbal Foods and its Medicinal Values (CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, FATS, MINER...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Food has been a basic part of our existence. Through the centuries we have acquired a wealth of information about the use of food as a part of our community, social, national and religious life. It has been used as an expression of love, friendship and social acceptance without knowing the medicinal values of such food. India is one of the leading herbal food producer and exporter in the world. Traditional use of herbal medicines is recognized as a way to learn about potential future medicines. Several meticulous researches were conducted and experimented with herbal food.
See more:-
https://goo.gl/B5sgQQ
https://goo.gl/HdATS6
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23845886
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on #Street View
https://goo.gl/VstWkd
Cooking preservation, types of cooking and methods of cookingsonia dagar
Cooking food involves applying heat through various methods like conduction, convection and radiation. This causes chemical and physical changes in foods that make them safer, easier to digest and more palatable. The main cooking methods are moist heat cooking using boiling, simmering and steaming, and dry heat cooking like baking, roasting and frying. Each method impacts foods in different ways like making meat tender through braising or keeping vegetables nutritious by blanching. Proper application of heat during various cooking processes helps prepare tasty, nutritious meals.
This document discusses food preservatives, including their types (natural, chemical, artificial), common examples, techniques, and roles in preventing food spoilage. It notes that preservatives can be added directly to foods or used in physical preservation methods like refrigeration. While preservatives help food safety and quality, some chemical preservatives may pose health risks if consumed in large amounts, so regulatory oversight aims to ensure they are generally recognized as safe. The document concludes that public awareness of preservatives is uneven and foodborne illness remains an issue, so preservatives help but also introduce potential side effects that must be considered.
Dr. Abdirashid Ahmed Hussein provides information about food science and food resources in Somalia. The main food resources in Somalia are animals like fish, camels, cows, goats and sheep, as well as plants like sorghum, corn and beans. Food provides nutrients and energy, and fulfills the body's demands. Plants and animals are the main sources of food. Food can become contaminated with microorganisms from various sources like air, soil, water and humans. Reducing microbial loads in foods from plants involves using treated sewage, quick washing, and cold storage. For animal foods, good hygiene practices during housing, feeding, testing for pathogens, cleaning carcasses and udders are important
This document provides an overview of poultry nutrition and feeding. It discusses the commercial poultry production industry and factors that influence feed costs such as disease control and genetic improvement. It describes the general steps in poultry diet formulation and common feed ingredients such as corn, soybean meal, fish meal, and supplemental vitamins and minerals. The document also outlines the nutritional needs and common diet types for different stages of growth in chickens, turkeys, and laying hens including starter, broiler, growing, and laying diets.
This document provides information on various cooking methods. It discusses cooking methods that use water, fat, or direct heat as the medium. Water-based methods include steaming, boiling, poaching, stewing, and braising. Fat-based methods include roasting, pot roasting, oven roasting, spit roasting, tandoori roasting, sautéing, shallow frying, and deep frying. Heat-based methods include grilling, baking, and smoking. The document explains the procedures and advantages of each cooking method.
Cooking food provides several benefits: it increases digestibility, preserves nutrients, and kills harmful bacteria. There are various methods of cooking, including dry-heat methods like baking, roasting, and grilling, and moist-heat methods like boiling, simmering, and steaming. Regardless of the specific method, cooking works by applying heat through conduction, convection, or radiation to cause physical and chemical changes in foods.
This document discusses various methods of cooking food including heat transfer methods like conduction, convection, and radiation. It then provides details on specific cooking methods like boiling, poaching, steaming, baking, roasting, grilling, shallow frying, deep frying, and microwaving. For each method, it defines the technique, provides examples of foods that can be cooked with that method, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages.
ROLE OF MICRONUTRIENTS IN ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS IN DAIRY ANIMALSDr. PRASANTH M NAIR
Global warming and climate change, causing a constant increase in the earth temperature, negatively affects the production and health of dairy animals by causing heat stress. Animal's inability to dissipate sufficient heat to maintain homeothermy results in heat stress. Both environmental temperature and humidity impact the severity of stress faced by the animals and is manifested as reduced feed intake, decreased production and reproductive performance with comprised immune functions of livestock. This paper will focus on the micronutrients which help to alleviate the negative impact of heat stress on dairy animals.Micronutrients are essential elements needed by life in small quantities. It includes major minerals, micro/trace minerals and vitamins. Micronutrients help to maintain the production of the animals, improve the nutrient usage, effectively neutralize the oxidant stress and strengthen the compromised immune system.Minerals play an important role in maintaining normal physiological functions in animals. However, heat stress responses are thought to increase mineral loss by excretion in animals. Hence, mineral supplement (DCAD, Zinc, Chromium, Selenium etc) to the diet might alleviate the adverse effects of thermal stress.Vitamins function as enzyme cofactors, participate in a variety of metabolic pathways as catalysts and are essential for the normal growth and development of animals. The addition of vitamins supplements (Vitamin E, Niacin etc) to the diet of dairy animals might also contribute to the relief of the negative effects of heat stress.
Pashudhan is India's No. 1 Veterinary monthly journal dedicated to animal health care.
Glimpse on April 2011 issue:
1. Social networking as a boon to moders veterinary practice in india.
2. Vasectomy in rats.
3. Painless killing a painful decision for veterinarian.
4. ICT's as a tool for knowledge dissemination among farmers in rural india.
5. Role of nutrition for designer poultry egg and meat production.
6. Research spotlight.
7. First aid for animals.
8. national and international news.
9. environmental oxygen and carbondioxide levels affected by human activities.
10. Cofee time.
11. Pre-partum crvico vaginal prolapse cum induction of parturition in a cow.
This document appears to contain abbreviations and codes that reference an individual's education and employment history over a two year period from 2010 to 2012. It includes dates and what seem to be organization or school codes but does not provide enough contextual information to fully understand its meaning or purpose.
The document is a collection of verses and passages about heaven. It describes heaven as God's dwelling place, a place of holiness, eternal habitation, and health. It emphasizes that heaven is for overcomers and that only those whose names are written in the Lamb's book of life will enter. The overall message is that heaven should be our goal and focus as believers.
This document outlines four biblical typologies of Elijah:
1) Old Testament Elijah who opposed King Ahab, Jezebel, and false prophets of Baal.
2) New Testament Elijah as John the Baptist who opposed King Herod, Herodias, and Herodias' daughter.
3) Medieval Elijah represented by Thyatira who opposed Constantine, the apostate church, and the prophetess Jezebel.
4) Last-day Elijah who will oppose the dragon, beast, and false prophets mentioned in Revelation 13-14 that represent civil and religious authorities engaged in idol worship and deception.
The document provides information about the four compartments of the Hebrew sanctuary:
1. The encampment where Israelites dwelt in tents and were part of the sanctuary.
2. The courtyard containing the altar of sacrifice and laver for washing, representing reconciliation between God and man.
3. The holy place containing the golden candlesticks, table of showbread, and altar of incense, representing sanctification and intercession.
4. The most holy place containing the ark of the covenant over which God's presence dwelt as a sign of His holiness.
The document discusses the Hebrew feasts and their significance, focusing on parallels between events at Mount Sinai and Pentecost. It suggests that Pentecost likely took place 50 days after the Israelites' Exodus from Egypt, and draws connections between the two events, such as God's presence manifested through wind, noise, fire and earthquake. The document asserts that Jesus fulfilled the symbolism of the feasts through his death, resurrection and ascension, and that Pentecost inaugurated the New Covenant and Jesus' eternal priesthood.
The document discusses how Satan used deception and hypnotism to gain power over humanity. It describes how Satan tempted Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, beguiling them into sin. It then discusses how Satan continued to exert influence over God's people, even infiltrating the early Christian churches and causing divisions. The document suggests Satan was able to turn the church councils against Jesus and get them to hand him over to Pilate for crucifixion by hypnotizing them and making them vote contrary to God's will.
Kilter were asked to present at the Dorset Healthy Communitues, Sustainable Places conference. We talked about our work, mainly focussing on Roots Replanted, and how our uniques style of devised and community responsive theatre can help build and encourage sustainable and healthy lives.
This document discusses the importance of living for God today rather than postponing salvation or good works until tomorrow. It references several biblical figures like Felix and the rich fool who thought they had tomorrow but died unexpectedly. The main message is that one should surrender to God and obey His will now because tomorrow is not guaranteed and death could come at any time without warning.
How to Offend and Insult People in Your Open Source CommunitiesGina Likins
The tone and tenor of conversations in a community is a large part of whether a community succeeds, yet that’s often a hard concept to model and understand. Using a humorous approach, I’ll demonstrate behaviors that create a hostile community (and by contrast, those that create a welcoming community).
We’ll look at the “Defcon Insult Scale for Conversations” (the DIScon level), from mildly insulting to abusive, and at key signifiers of each level.
This talk can be viewed online at http://youtu.be/r7g2ukRfvxk?t=3h25m
Pashupalan Varta is a monthly Hindi news paper, dedicated to the publication of articles/news in Hindi, Which brings awareness on most happening things in dairy industry across the country and educates dairy farmer with right guidance from veterinarians.
Glimpse on November 2010 issue:
1.Bharat me pashu khadeya samasya or usaka samadhan.
2. Dudh duhane ka uachit tarika kya hai.
3. Kisano ke liye chara utpadan ki taknik.
4.Pashuo me gilti rog nidan avam bachav.
5.Bakari ka jivan chakra.
6.Shit ritu me gouvanshanshiy pashuo me hone wale parjivi rog.
7. Farmer interview
8. Navmber mah me dhudharu pashuo ko savasth or aavashayak banaye rakhane ke liye aavayak jankari
1. The document discusses whether Jesus' disciples should be seen as mercenaries or missionaries, focusing on their mission to spread Jesus' message rather than their own identity or interests.
2. It provides examples from military training and values to draw parallels with how disciples should conduct themselves, prioritizing honor, courage, and commitment on their mission.
3. Disciples face temptations to become like mercenaries who serve themselves rather than faithfully carrying out God's mission as missionaries who serve and represent Jesus.
The document discusses the everlasting gospel and the three angels' messages of Revelation 14. It explains that the everlasting gospel will be preached worldwide before the end comes. It also discusses how those who reject this gospel by worshipping the beast and receiving his mark will drink the wine of God's wrath. The document explores how Jesus willingly took the cup of God's wrath upon himself to redeem humanity from sin, even though he was sinless, in order to bring forgiveness through the everlasting gospel.
The document discusses the antichrist and identifies the papacy and Roman Catholic Church as fulfilling biblical prophecies about the antichrist. It provides evidence from Scripture and interpretations from historic Protestant reformers to support this view. It also warns about false signs and wonders that could deceive people and contrasts the true Christ and true church with the antichrist and apostate church.
1. Meekness is not weakness but involves getting off one's high horse and subjecting oneself to God's will. It is about serving as servants, not seeking status.
2. Meekness involves suffering and crucifying one's ego, as Jesus suffered crucifixion for humanity. It requires controlling one's desires and ego.
3. Meekness recognizes human weakness and faces trials, which help believers grow spiritually and turn to God rather than worldly things. It involves enduring hardships like the Israelites crossing the Red Sea.
The document discusses the biblical references to the 144,000 sealed servants of God and the 12 gates of New Jerusalem, each bearing the name of one of the 12 tribes of Israel. It explores whether these refer to literal Israelites or spiritual Israelites who have overcome sin. It argues the 144,000 represent a spiritual Israel composed of people from all nations who have accepted Christ and gained victory over sin through His power.
Phytogenic feed additives: Keeping pace with trends and challenges in pig pro...Milling and Grain magazine
As the global population and its prosperity are steadily on the rise, the animal protein demand will further increase in the near future. Pig meat is the most consumed meat worldwide among the others, closely followed by poultry. Last year it comprised 38 percent (or 118 Mt) of the total meat consumption whereas poultry meat accounted for 35 percent (or 110 Mt). Though this growing demand is challenged – on the one hand by consumer’s awareness for safe food and on the other hand by sustainable and efficient swine production. At the same time, production costs should be kept as low as possible whilst controlling the high risk of developing drug resistant bacteria for humans due to the use of in-feed antibiotics, as antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) or as disease treatment. Over the last decades, many feed additives have been developed and evaluated, within which phytogenic (plant derived) substances have attracted much attention.
NCERT Solutions | Class IX | Science (Biology) | Chapter 15 | Improvement in ...Biswarup Majumder
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Biology is available in PDF format which you can download easily. Here is the most accurate and detailed Biology NCERT solutions for Class 9th CBSE textbook for free of cost.
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next solution. Thanks.
This document discusses the role of phytobiotics (plant derivatives) as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. It summarizes research showing that liver tonics containing herbs like Andrographis paniculata, Eclipta alba, and Tinospora cordifolia can improve weight gain and feed conversion ratio in broilers. Studies found these phytobiotic liver tonics enhanced the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in broiler chickens. The document concludes that phytobiotic liver tonics are natural alternatives to antibiotics that can boost health and performance in poultry.
Effect of Herbal Medicine Supplementations (Arsilvon Super, Bedgen40 and Hepa-cure Herbal Medicines) on Growth Performance, Immunity and Haematological Profile in Broilers
OSTA TRAINING-introduction [Autosaved].pptxDeguTolera
Poultry nutrition is an integral part of poultry production. It has changed drastically as a consequence of developments in the other disciplines of animal science and also because of changes in poultry husbandry practices.
When it comes to feed additives (e.g. plant extracts, enzymes, pro- and prebiotics, organic acids and many more), the livestock industry is inundated with numerous options, not only promoting performance of the animals and improving profitability, but also improving the quality of feed and of animal-derived products. In this context, phytogenic (=plant derived) feed additives are foreseen to have a promising future in animal nutrition due to their broad range of efficacies, and to their effects on sustainability and safety.
Organic, functional, designer & SPF feed production
The market for organic poultry products is strong
and growing. Integrating either small-scale or
large-scale production into your farm system can
be both enjoyable and lucrative.
Use of Phytogenic feed additives in Animal Nutrition.pptxPallaviMali14
Nowadays, researchers are shifting their interest towards the use of naturally available feed additives. Phyto additives class of new group which is available easily and eco-friendly.
Modern lifestyles have led to increased rates of lifestyle diseases due to changes in diet. Nutraceuticals play an important role in disease prevention and control. They are classified based on their source, chemical composition, and pharmacological effects. Common nutraceuticals discussed in the document include minerals, probiotics, prebiotics, dietary fibers, antioxidants, herbs, and botanical extracts. Nutraceuticals provide several health benefits for both humans and animals by promoting gut health, modulating metabolism, and reducing disease risk. Their use in animal feed is growing and mirrors applications for humans. The future of nutraceuticals is promising due to increased health awareness driving greater demand.
The document provides an overview of holistic livestock healthcare practices. It discusses several factors that impact animal health, including soil quality, feed, water, shelter, genetics, and various natural treatments. The key points covered are:
1) A holistic approach focuses on broader environmental and systemic causes of disease rather than just pathogens. Healthy soil, nutrient-dense feed, clean water, and low-stress shelter are emphasized.
2) Soil testing is used to develop mineralization and biological activation strategies to improve soil fertility and the nutritional quality of crops and pastures.
3) Providing a variety of high-quality forages and supplements, along with mineral-rich soils, helps animals access a wider
The document provides an overview of holistic livestock healthcare practices. It discusses foundational aspects like soil health, feed quality, water quality, shelter design, and genetics. Testing soil and feed is important to understand nutrient levels and density. A biologically active soil grown with nutrient dense feed provides animals what they need. Access to clean water is also essential. Housing should prioritize animal comfort to reduce stress. Overall health can be supported through high quality vitamins, minerals, supplements, and herbal or homeopathic remedies. The holistic approach focuses on overall health rather than just disease treatment.
This study evaluated the effects of including bamboo leaf meal (BLM) in broiler chicken feed on performance, stress indicators, hematology, and carcass characteristics under heat stress conditions. Broiler chickens fed diets containing 1-2% BLM had higher weight gain, feed intake, and better feed conversion rates compared to those fed a 0% BLM diet. Increasing BLM in the diet also lowered rectal temperatures and corticosterone levels in the chickens during heat exposure. However, hematology, carcass characteristics, and most stress indicators were not significantly affected by dietary BLM inclusion levels up to 2%. Overall, the results suggest that BLM can help alleviate the negative impacts of heat stress on broiler chicken
ABSTRACT- Fruits and vegetables are the important source in human life. It should be safe and consists of good shelf
life which can improve the level of consumption of fruits and vegetable among the society. The processing is such a great
parameter which analyses the quality of food. Today fruits and vegetables are susceptible to the growth of microorganism
which may be air borne, soil borne and water borne disease. Enzymes offer potential for many exciting applications for
the improvement of foods. There is still, however, a long way to go in realizing this potential. Economic factors i.e.
achievement of the optimum yields and efficient recovery of desired protein are the main deterrents in the use of enzymes.
Changing values in society with respect to recombinant DNA & protein engineering technologies and the growing need to
explore all alternative food sources may in time make enzyme applications more attractive to the food industry
Key-words- Enzyme, immobilization, Screening, Food spoilage, Enzymes, Bacterial contamination, Food poisoning,
Perishable foods
The document compares the efficacy of three commercial herbal products (Livol, Livotal, Hepatopromoter) on the performance and immune response of broiler chickens. Supplementation of the herbal products significantly improved weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and lowered mortality compared to the control group without supplementation. While the herbal products did not significantly affect organ weights, they did significantly improve antibody titers against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease viruses. Overall, supplementation with Hepatopromoter resulted in the highest broiler weight gain and profitability.
Mealworm as a sustainable Feed resourceSarzamin Khan
Meal Worm as a source of Poultry and animal feed is a strong candidate to cater the Future need in Changing Global Climate. The presentation describes the importance and production of meal worm.
This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation of soapnut shell powder on the performance and immune response of broiler breeders. Ninety-six female and twenty-four male broiler breeders aged 38 weeks were fed one of four diets: a control diet or the control diet supplemented with graded levels of soapnut shell powder equivalent to 0, 50, 75, or 150 ppm of saponin. Dry matter intake and serum protein levels were not significantly different between treatments. Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were significantly higher in birds fed higher levels of soapnut shell powder supplementation compared to the control, indicating improved immunity. The results suggest that dietary supplementation of soapnut shell powder up to a level equivalent to 150
The document discusses how nutrition and gut health are interconnected in aquaculture. It provides examples of how phytogenic feed additives can help address the challenges of reducing fishmeal content in diets while maintaining feed efficiency and nutrient retention. The additives are shown to improve growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and nutrient absorption in trials with seabream and shrimp. Specifically, the additive Digestarom helped offset the negative effects of reduced fishmeal and improved protein and fat retention. In conclusion, phytogenic additives can be an effective nutrient-sparing tool to formulate more sustainable and cost-effective diets.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help regulate emotions and stress levels.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Making meditation a part of a daily routine, even if just 10-15 minutes per day, can have mental and physical health benefits over time by helping people feel more relaxed and focused.
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The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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1. A newsletter from the house of
Volume 01
INSIGHTS
Issue 05
November - January 2013-14
Phytochemicals:
The future stands here
In these modern years, plant derived products are increasingly being sought
out as medicinal products & nutraceuticals. Herbal medicines widely used in
health-care and animal feed additives. Herbal formulations have reached
widespread acceptability as therapeutic agents for diabetics, arthritics, liver
diseases, immune stimulants, cough remedies, memory enhancers and
adoptogens. As per WHO definition, there are three kinds of herbal
medicines: raw plant material, processed plant material and medicinal herbal
products.
According to an estimate of the World Health Organization (WHO), about 80%
of the world population still uses herbs and other traditional medicines for
their primary health care needs. The use of herbal formulations has increased
remarkably in line with the global trend of people returning to natural
therapies. Supplementation of antibiotic in farm animal diets to improve
animal growth performance and efficiency of feed conversion, historically, has
been theorized as a means of establishing food animals as reservoirs for
antibiotic resistant pathogens isolated from humans. Given the rising
concerns associated with increased antibiotic resistance in bacterial
pathogens making treatment of clinical diseases more difficult, antibiotic use
in animal management in the U.S. and Europe has become more of a
controversial issue. In this context, we would like to deal about the role of
phytochemicals, it's limitation and the way to overcome those limitations.
Specifications of phytochemicals
Phytochemicals are described by primary and secondary plant compounds.
Primary compounds are main nutrients (e.g., content of protein, fat, etc.),
whereas, secondary compounds comprise alkaloids, glycoloids, essential
(ethereal) and/or volatile oils, bitterns, hot stuffs, colorants and phenolic
compounds (Wald, 2003). In general, phytochemicals do not add significantly
to the intake of main nutrients in poultry. Therefore, secondary plant
compounds are the main ingredients of interest.
Herbs and Spices
Primary ingredients
1. Increased feed intake: The stimulatory effect of phytochemicals on feed
intake is due to the claimed improvement in palatability of the diet resulting
from the enhanced flavor and odor, especially with the use of essential oils
and may be due to their anti-oxidative effects, which might contribute to
preserving the desired organoleptic qualities of the diet. This effect could be
of relevance to feed rich in fat.
2. Stimulation of digestive secretions: Stimulation of digestive secretions,
such as saliva, digestive enzymes, bile and mucus is often considered to be one
of the important actions of phytochemicals.
3. Antimicrobial and coccidiostatic activity: Phytochemicals can selectively
influence microorganisms through antimicrobial activity, or by a favorable
stimulation of the eubiosis of the micro flora. This leads to better utilization
and absorption of nutrients resulting in higher performance.
4. Antioxidant activity: Plant oils containing natural antioxidants contribute
to the improved oxidative stability of meat and meat products containing
higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid.
5. Stimulation of the immune system: Polysaccharides derived from many
plants play an important role in stimulating the growth of immune organs,
increasing the number and activities of many interdependent cell types such
as T, B lymphocytes, macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, and enhancing
cellular and humoral immune response.
6. Pharmacological actions: A wide range of phytochemicals are known from
folk medicine to exert pharmacological actions within the digestive tract, such
as laxative and spasmolytic effects as well as prevention from flatulence &
pronounce precaecal absorption of glucose via direct stimulation of Na/KATPase. Another field of phytochemical actions comprises astringent and
denaturizing properties.
Secondary ingredients
E.g.,
- Protein
- Carbohydrates
- Fat
Beneficial effects of Phytochemicals as Animal Feed Supplement
Essential oils
E.g., Terpenes, Carvacrol
Bitterns
Hot stuffs
E.g., Capsaicin, Peperin
Colorants
E.g., Xanthophylls
Phenolic compounds
E.g., Chicoric acid,
Flavonoids
Composition and main ingredients of phytobiotics (Wald, 2003)
Extraction of Phytochemicals
Contd. on page 2
2. EDITORIAL
Indian Poultry Farmers
Advised to Prepare for Winter
All that glitters is not gold
All that glitters are not gold is a well-known saying;
meaning that not everything that looks true turns out
to be so. This can apply to some of the unauthentic
herbal feed supplement for poultry as well, those that
promise to be more than they really are.
Herbal drugs have been used since the inception of
human beings on this planet and as a result are almost
as old as life itself. Plants by virtue of its composition of
containing multiple constituents developed during its
growth under various environmental stresses
providing a plethora of chemical families with
medicinal utility. One of the key factors that limit
commercial utility of herbal drugs is standardization.
Standardization poses numerous challenges related to
marker identification, active principle, lack of defined
regulations, and non-availability of universally
acceptable technical standards for testing and
implementation of quality control/safety standard
(toxicological testing).
Herbal medicines, containing active ingredients in
complex chemical mixtures developed as crude
fractions, extracted from plant thereof, are widely
used in health-care or as dietary supplements. One of
the major drawbacks of these medicines is limited bioavailability. Standardization requires a natural plant
product to be authenticated at origin itself by
adoption of good agricultural practices, collection
strategies from wild and good manufacturing practices
for extraction modes and related parameters. The
present review focuses on the herbal constituents, its
role in the biological system & herbal standardization
guidelines that can be useful for development of
evidence based holistic natural plant products.
Dr. Gobinath
gobinath@naturalremedy.com
PUNJAB: Temperature management in the poultry house is an important pre-condition for
better production and health of the birds, according to a leading academic. With drop in
mercury level and change in weather, poultry farmers may have to face some challenges of
low environmental temperature, poor ventilation and decreased photoperiod.
Times of India reports that this information was shared by A.L. Saini, head of the
department, livestock production and management at Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and
Animal Sciences University (GADVASU) in Ludhiana. He said that these seasonal
fluctuations may directly or indirectly influence the egg and meat production. Therefore,
farmer must be ready to take on these challenges by adopting some winter stress
alleviating practices to overcome economic losses, he added.
"Egg production has a tendency to slump down in winter because of reduced hours of
natural light. Since hens need 16 or more hours of day light to lay well to their potential,
therefore provision of consider switch on light bulbs in the laying hen sheds is must. This
will encourage hen to lay more number of eggs.
"To protect the birds from cold, gunny bags or plastic sheet curtains can be installed on the
side walls of shed. However, don't restrict ventilation in an attempt to conserve warmth.
Good ventilation in the chicken shed is must, because chickens naturally produce a lot of
moisture in their breath and droppings," he said. Dr Saini explained that poor ventilation
inside their house may create an ammonia build-up, which will affect the poultry's eyes
and respiratory system and makes them sick.
"Poultry need plenty of fresh air circulating in and around the poultry shed. So care should
be taken not to cover entire side wall but ensure sufficient open area towards the ceiling of
shed to facilitate escape of foul air. To provide warm and cozy environment, increase in the
depth of litter material (bedding) by six inch. Free access to balanced diet and fresh water
must be available to chickens of all age", A.L. Saini told the newspaper.
"Different age groups of poultry birds have unique requirements and abilities to bear cold
stress. However, day-old chicks are the most vulnerable and a temperature of 95°F during
the first week is must. Chicks chirping loudly, or huddling in groups, are most likely feel too
cold and need immediate attention and remedial measure. Try to feed them warm water
and place them under the brooders (heating device)," he advised.
Giving tips on winter stress alleviating management, Times of India reports A.L. Saini
advising that, before the arrival of chicks, the brooder room should be pre-heated for a day
to 95°F, curtains should be installed on the side wall of chicken houses without restricting
ventilation, the depth of litter material (bedding) should be increased and finally, a
minimum 'daylight' period of 16 hours should be provided for laying hens, using artificial
light, if necessary.
Contd from page 1
Condiment
Active principle
Functional Properties
Limitations of Phytochemical Feed supplements
Turmeric powder
(Curcuma longa)
Curcumin
Anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant
Garlic (Allium sativum)
Allicin,Allin
Lower serum triglyceroids &
LDL-cholestrol, fibrinolytic,
antibacterial & antiviral
Like any other branch of science and technology, present scenario of
herbal feed supplements has its own limitations arising out of its own
technical constituents. The prominent limitations of herbal medicines
can be summarized as follow
Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum)
Flavonoids
Antiasthamatic, immunomodulator
Black pepper
(Piper nigrum)
Piperine
Carminative, Antioxidant,
antibacterial
Cinnamon
(Cinnamonum verum)
Cinnamaldehyde Antioxidant
Clove
(Eugenia caryophyllus)
Eugenol,
kaempferol
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory
Ginger
(Zingeiber officinale)
Gingerols
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory
Tomato (Lycopersicon
lycopersicum)
Lycopene
Antioxidant, Hypocholesterolemic
Cumin seeds
(Cuminum cyminum)
Essential oil
Digestive stimulant
Coriander seeds
(Coriander sativum)
Flavonoids
Antidiabetic, antimicrobial
* Inadequate standardization and lack of quality specifications
This is the most often criticized aspect of herbal feed supplements.
One important fact is that a herbal preparation is administered for
its holistic value. Each herbal ingredient in the herbal preparation
has an array of chemical constituents with complex molecular
formulae. This each herbal preparation is a source of polypharmacy
within itself.
* Lack of scientific data
Lack of literature on herbal medicines & feed supplements &
scientific data in support of the medicinal activity claimed and
their safety and efficacy assumed. Hence there is a need to
incorporate certain parameters of the pharmacological evaluation
of moderns on modern lines. WHO guidelines clearly direct that it
is not necessary to carry out detailed toxicological evaluation of
herbs and herbal preparation originating from traditional system
medicine.
3. 7. Moisture content determination
8 . C h ro m ato g ra p h i c a n d s p e c t ro s co p i c
evaluation: TLC, HPTLC, HPLC methods will
provide qualitative and semi quantitative
information about the main active constituents
present in the crude drug as chemical markers in
Macroscopic
Microscopic
the TLC fingerprint evaluation of herbals (FEH).
Moisture Content
The quality of the drug can also be assessed on the
Extractive value
Physical
Botanical
basis of the chromatographic fingerprint.
Ash value
9. Determination of heavy metals: e.g. cadmium,
Standarization of herbal drugs Biological
lead, arsenic, etc.
10. Pesticide residue: WHO and FAO (Food and
Biological
Chemical
Agricultural Organization) set limits of pesticides,
which are usually present in the herbs. These
Microbial Contamination
Chromatographic techniques
pesticides are mixed with the herbs during the
Pharmacological Evaluation
Heavy metal
time of cultivation. Mainly pesticides like DDT,
Toxicological Studies
Pesticidal residue
BHC, toxaphene, aldrin cause serious side-effects
Mycotoxin
in human beings if the crude drugs are mixed with
these agents.
Fig. A schematic representation of herbal drug standardization
11.Microbial contamination: Usually medicinal
plants containing bacteria and molds are coming
Remedies to overcome the limitation of Phytochemical feed from soil and atmosphere. Analysis of the limits of E. coli and molds clearly
supplements
throws light towards the harvesting and production practices. The substance
known as aflatoxins will produce serious side-effects if consumed along with
Standardization of phytochemical formulations is essential in order to access
the crude drugs.
the quality of drugs, based on the concentration of their active principles.
Quality evaluation of phytochemical preparation is a fundamental
Limits for Microbial Contamination
requirement of industry & other organizations dealing with herbal products. It
Microorganism
Finished product
Raw materials
is evident that the herbal industry needs to follow strict guidelines & such
E. coli and Salmonella
10¹
10⁴
regulations are necessary. According to WHO guidelines, an phytochemical
Total aerobic bacteria
10⁵
product needs to be standardized with respect to safety before releasing it
Enterobacteria
10³
into the market.
Aflatoxins should be completely removed/adsorbed or should not be present.
WHO Guidelines for Quality Standardized Herbal Formulations
12. Radioactive contamination: Microbial growth in herbals is usually
* Quality control of crude drugs material, plant preparations and finished
avoided by irradiation. This process may sterilize the plant material but the
products.
radioactivity hazard should be taken into account. The radioactivity of the
* Stability assessment and shelf life.
plant samples should be checked accordingly to the guidelines of
* Safety assessment; documentation of safety based on experience or
International Atomic Energy (IAE) in Vienna and that of WHO.
toxicological studies.
Standardization from raw material to crude drug preparation
* Assessment of efficacy by ethno medical information and biological activity
(CDP)
evaluations.
Standardization of herbal drugs comprises total information and controls to
The standardization of crude drug materials include the essentially guarantee consistent composition of all herbals including
following steps:
analytical operations for identification, markers and assay of active
principles. There is no legal control model over medicinal plants. The herbal
1. Authentication: Stage of collection, parts of the plant collected, regional
formulations in general can be standardized schematically as to formulate
status, botanical identity like phytomorphology, microscopical and
the medicament using raw materials collected from different localities and
histological analysis, taxonomical identity, etc.
a comparative chemical efficacy of different batches of formulation are to
2. Foreign matter: Herbs collected should be free from soil, insect parts or
be observed.
animal excreta, etc.
Colour
Odour
Taste
Texture & Fracture
3. Organoleptic evaluation: Sensory characters – taste, appearance, odor, feel
of the drug, etc.
4. Active Principle identification: Specific phytoconstituent present in the
drug powder.
5. Ash values and extractive values
6. Volatile matter
Qualitative
Quantitative
SEM Studies
Powder studies
Standardization from CDP to finished goods
The preparations with better clinical efficacy are to be selected. After all the
routine physical, chemical and pharmacological parameters are to be
checked for all the batches to select the final finished product and to
validate the whole manufacturing process. Fingerprinting of herbal
medicines is utilized for the authenticity and quality control of herbal
medicinesand herbal preparations.
Chemical fingerprints of finished goods (QC)
Chemical fingerprints obtained by chromato-graphic, spectroscopic,
thermogravimetric analysis, capillary electrophoresis and polarography
techniques have become the most potent tools for quality control of
traditional herbal medicines. Moreover, all herbal products manufacturers
must follow WHO guidelines for quality control. Further, the combination of
qualitative fingerprinting and quantitive multicomponent analysis is a novel
and rational method to address the key issues of quality control of herbal
medicines.
Conclusion
HPTLC
The advancement of analytical techniques will serve as a rapid and
specific tool in the herbal research, thereby, allowing the manufacturers
to set quality standards and specifications so as to seek marketing
approval from regulatory authorities for therapeutic efficacy, safety and
shelf life of herbal drugs. The applications of high-technology oriented
advanced hyphenated techniques will serve as a rapid and unambiguous
tool in the herbal research, thereby, benefiting the entire pharmaceutical
industry.
4. Leading the
PHYTOCHEMICAL ERA...
www.naturalremedy.com
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Editorial Office: M/s. Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd., # 5 B, Veerasandra Indl. Area, Electronic City Post, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560 100.