POTATO CYST NEMATODE
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What is potato cyst nematode , why they only grow on solanaceae family , infection of potato cyst nematode , control and measure
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2) Little leaf results in small, stunted leaves and bushy growth while bacterial wilt causes sudden wilting and death. Phomopsis causes fruit rot and blight on leaves and stems.
3) Diseases spread through vectors like jassids for little leaf and are managed through resistant varieties, crop rotation, and fungicide/insecticide sprays.
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- M. separata is a serious pest of cereals and forage crops across Asia and Australia. Its caterpillar stage causes damage.
- It has a wide host range including rice, maize, sorghum, and wheat. Caterpillars feed on leaves and can defoliate plants or cut off seed heads.
- The life cycle takes 30-35 days with the eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult moth stages. Multiple generations occur per year.
- Management includes mechanical removal of eggs/larvae, cultural practices like weeding and crop
Diseases Rosa grass
This document discusses two fungal diseases that affect Rosa grass: Leaf blight caused by Curvularia andropogonis and Red leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum graminicola. It describes the symptoms, microscopic characteristics, and taxonomic classification of each fungal pathogen. Control methods are also provided, including crop rotation, sanitation practices, and fungicide sprays.
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The document discusses insect pests that affect citrus crops in India. It identifies five major categories of citrus insect pests: 1) leaf feeders like citrus butterflies and the citrus leaf miner, 2) stem borers that bore into branches, 3) fruit sucking moths that puncture ripening fruits, 4) sap feeders like psyllids and mealybugs, and 5) non-insect pests like mites. It provides details on the life cycle and damage caused by some of the most damaging pests, including citrus butterflies, the citrus leaf miner, and fruit sucking moths. Management strategies focus on controlling the different lifestages, removing weed
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2. Key economically important plant parasitic nematodes are described, including the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.), reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis), root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.), spiral nematode (Helicotylenchus spp.), cyst nematode (Heterodera spp. and Globodera spp.), dagger nematode (Xiphinema sp
B.Sc. Agri II IN U-1 Introduction of Nematology
This document provides an overview of the classification and important plant parasitic nematodes. It discusses the classification of nematodes by habitat, including above ground feeders, endoparasitic, semiendoparasitic, and ectoparasitic below ground feeders. Nine economically important plant parasitic nematodes are then described in more detail, including their systematic position, morphology, symptoms caused, and control methods. These include root-knot, reniform, root-lesion, spiral, cyst, dagger, rice stem, citrus, and burrowing nematodes.
Maize
Maize was domesticated over 8,700 years ago in Central America from its wild grass ancestor, teosinte. Through selective breeding over generations, humans developed maize to have more and larger kernels on multiple rows, making it suitable for human consumption. Today, maize is a major crop grown worldwide, with the largest producers being the United States, China, Brazil, India, and Mexico. Maize is used for human food, animal feed, industrial products, and biofuel.
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Insect Pests of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice Crops
This document provides information on the melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae), its life cycle, host plants, identification of different life stages, damage caused, and management methods. It also describes three other insect pests that infest vegetable crops: the hadda beetle (Epilachna vigintioctopunctata), red pumpkin beetle (Aulacophora foveicollis), and stink bugs (Aspongopus spp.). Finally, it discusses the serpentine leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii), including its wide host range, identification, life cycle, and leaf mining damage. Cultural, physical, biological and chemical control strategies
ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES
This document discusses entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) which are beneficial nematodes that can parasitize and kill insects. EPNs have a wide host range and can be used as biological control agents against many crop insect pests. They have advantages over chemical insecticides in that they are non-toxic and can be incorporated into integrated pest management programs. The document describes the life cycle and symbiotic relationship of EPNs with bacteria, as well as their mass production using wax moth larvae. It provides examples of using EPNs to control pseudostem weevil and rhizome weevil in banana crops.
Entomopathogenic nematodes and protozoans— mode of action.ppt
Protozoans and entomopathogenic nematodes can be used as biological insecticides. Protozoans like Nosema locustae infect and kill grasshoppers, reducing their populations. Two genera of nematodes, Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditdae, infect a wide range of soil-dwelling insects. They carry bacteria that kill the insect, allowing the nematodes to feed and reproduce before finding new hosts. Nematodes must be formulated and applied carefully to ensure they remain viable in soil and infect target pests.
Nematodes and their Management
This document discusses nematode problems and their management in polyhouses. It begins by defining nematodes and describing where they are found. It then discusses plant-parasitic nematodes in more detail, including how they damage plants through feeding and vectoring other pathogens. Symptoms of nematode infection above and below ground are provided. The document notes that nematode problems are severe in polyhouses due to favorable temperature and moisture conditions. It concludes by outlining phytosanitary, cultural, and chemical management strategies to control nematodes in polyhouses.
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POTATO CYST NEMATODE
- 2. INTRODUCTION • They are 1mm long roundworm belonging to genus Globodera, comprising around 12 species. • They live on plants of Solanaceae family(e.g., Potato, Tomato). Potato Cyst Nematode(Eel Worms)
- 3. Why solanaceae? Eggs of Eel nematode hatch in presence of Solanoeclepine-A. This is secreted by roots of solanaceous plants and hence the larva establishes a feeding site.
- 4. INFESTATION Low and medium population density Growth retardation Very high population density For both susceptible and resistant varieties Female individual swell up and appear as cyst on the surface of the roots, each containing upto 400 eggs. The eggs can survive for upto 20 years inside these cysts. Mechanical damage to root system
- 5. CONTROL i) Use of Pesticides:- Will not Make the field free of nematodes. They will increase the yield. CONDITIONS 1)High population density of Nematodes.. 2)Financial profit of extra yield suppress the cost of pesticide application.
- 6. ii) Cleaning the Equipments from field to field. iii)Using PCN-free seed tuber. iv)Crop rotation – with at least 6 years difference planting a susceptible crop. v)Use of resistant potato variety to potato cyst nematode..:- best way to manage.