Stem cell research has advanced to the point of investigating how to safely return stem cells to the body for therapeutic purposes. This study examines the response of human mesenchymal stem cells to different mechanical strains and surface patterns in vitro. Results show that applying cyclic stretching activates signaling pathways in stem cells and that surface topography influences cell orientation and shape. Understanding these biomechanical effects could help optimize methods for delivering stem cells to treat diseases.
The Wnt cascade has emerged as a critical regulator of stem cells. In many tissues, activation of Wnt signaling has also been found to be associated with cancer. Understanding the regulation by Wnt signaling may serve as a paradigm for understanding the dual nature of self-renewal signals.
The Wnt cascade has emerged as a critical regulator of stem cells. In many tissues, activation of Wnt signaling has also been found to be associated with cancer. Understanding the regulation by Wnt signaling may serve as a paradigm for understanding the dual nature of self-renewal signals.
Majority of cancer lead by point mutation in p53 gene. which is also known as "guardian of genome". this mutation leads conversion of normal cell into cancerous cell.
Sox2 suppresses the invasiveness of breast cancer cells via a mechanism that ...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Sox2, an embryonic stem cell marker, is aberrantly expressed in a subset of breast cancer (BC). While the aberrant expression of Sox2 has been shown to significantly correlate with a number of clinicopathologic parameters in BC, its biological significance in BC is incompletely understood.
In this PPT I completed that interesting topic In this PPT I completed that interesting topic , molecular embryology discussing this time molecular regulation of some other systems in the developing embryo, wishing that I could make this as simple as possible.
P53 Tumor Suppressor Gene: Understanding P53 Based Dietary Anti Cancer Thera...Sheldon Stein
The P53 tumor suppressor gene which has been dubbed both the “Guardian of the Genome” (Lane 1992) and Science “Molecule of the Year”, is directly involved in the initiation of apoptosis and programmed cell death, to prevent an accumulation of abnormal cells. However apoptosis evasion is a characteristic feature of human cancers that promote tumor formation and progression (1). Presently, P53 is known to play a key role in practically all types of human cancers, and the mutation or loss of P53 gene function, can be identified in more than 50% of all human cancer cases worldwide.
This paper was uploaded on behalf of Professor Serge Jurasunas of Lisbon Portugal, www.sergejurasunas.com
The paper goes on to explain the role of the P53 gene and its relationship to Cancer and Apoptosis. It then elaborates on the importance of dietary agents can have a beneficial impact in cancer treatment, and provides a number of case studies. He addresses the importance of the P53 gene and DNA repair, as well as his use of Molecular Markers testing.
Professor Jurasunas believes:
We urgently need to put into clinical practice what we have discovered and learned. Targeting P53 and other genes remain one of the greatest challenges in the treatment of cancer. We have been working now for over 8 years with molecular markers as a diagnostic, prognosis, and follow up to treatment, selected the appropriate bioactive dietary compounds or anticancer agents, exceeding 1000 cases, blood tests, and successes. This may be an incentive for more doctors to venture into this new direction in order to achieve more beneficial results with their patient treatment, especially in cases where we can verify the ones who would be refractory to chemotherapy and have a poor response. It is always best to first check through patient testing, to determine whether or not chemotherapy would be beneficial.
International Journal of Stem Cell Research and Transplantation (IJST) is an international, Open Access, peer-reviewed journal, which mainly focuses, on the advancements made in the field of cell biology, specifically in the field of Stem Cells.
International Journal of Stem Cell Research and Transplantation (IJST) ISSN:2328-3548, is a free, Open Access, Peer-reviewed, exclusive online journal covering areas of Stem cell research, translational work and Clinical studies in the specialty of Stem Cells and Transplantation including allied specialties relevant to the core subject, which is dedicated in publishing high quality manuscripts.
International Journal of Stem Cell Research and Transplantation (IJST) is a peer-reviewed journal, and is dedicated to providing information with respect to the latest advancements that are being upgraded in our everyday life with respect to the application of Stem cells.
Majority of cancer lead by point mutation in p53 gene. which is also known as "guardian of genome". this mutation leads conversion of normal cell into cancerous cell.
Sox2 suppresses the invasiveness of breast cancer cells via a mechanism that ...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Sox2, an embryonic stem cell marker, is aberrantly expressed in a subset of breast cancer (BC). While the aberrant expression of Sox2 has been shown to significantly correlate with a number of clinicopathologic parameters in BC, its biological significance in BC is incompletely understood.
In this PPT I completed that interesting topic In this PPT I completed that interesting topic , molecular embryology discussing this time molecular regulation of some other systems in the developing embryo, wishing that I could make this as simple as possible.
P53 Tumor Suppressor Gene: Understanding P53 Based Dietary Anti Cancer Thera...Sheldon Stein
The P53 tumor suppressor gene which has been dubbed both the “Guardian of the Genome” (Lane 1992) and Science “Molecule of the Year”, is directly involved in the initiation of apoptosis and programmed cell death, to prevent an accumulation of abnormal cells. However apoptosis evasion is a characteristic feature of human cancers that promote tumor formation and progression (1). Presently, P53 is known to play a key role in practically all types of human cancers, and the mutation or loss of P53 gene function, can be identified in more than 50% of all human cancer cases worldwide.
This paper was uploaded on behalf of Professor Serge Jurasunas of Lisbon Portugal, www.sergejurasunas.com
The paper goes on to explain the role of the P53 gene and its relationship to Cancer and Apoptosis. It then elaborates on the importance of dietary agents can have a beneficial impact in cancer treatment, and provides a number of case studies. He addresses the importance of the P53 gene and DNA repair, as well as his use of Molecular Markers testing.
Professor Jurasunas believes:
We urgently need to put into clinical practice what we have discovered and learned. Targeting P53 and other genes remain one of the greatest challenges in the treatment of cancer. We have been working now for over 8 years with molecular markers as a diagnostic, prognosis, and follow up to treatment, selected the appropriate bioactive dietary compounds or anticancer agents, exceeding 1000 cases, blood tests, and successes. This may be an incentive for more doctors to venture into this new direction in order to achieve more beneficial results with their patient treatment, especially in cases where we can verify the ones who would be refractory to chemotherapy and have a poor response. It is always best to first check through patient testing, to determine whether or not chemotherapy would be beneficial.
International Journal of Stem Cell Research and Transplantation (IJST) is an international, Open Access, peer-reviewed journal, which mainly focuses, on the advancements made in the field of cell biology, specifically in the field of Stem Cells.
International Journal of Stem Cell Research and Transplantation (IJST) ISSN:2328-3548, is a free, Open Access, Peer-reviewed, exclusive online journal covering areas of Stem cell research, translational work and Clinical studies in the specialty of Stem Cells and Transplantation including allied specialties relevant to the core subject, which is dedicated in publishing high quality manuscripts.
International Journal of Stem Cell Research and Transplantation (IJST) is a peer-reviewed journal, and is dedicated to providing information with respect to the latest advancements that are being upgraded in our everyday life with respect to the application of Stem cells.
Forces associated with blood flow are major determinants of vascular morphogenesis and physiology. Blood flow is crucial for blood vessel development during embryogenesis and for regulation of vessel diameter in adult life. It is also a key factor in atherosclerosis, which, despite the systemic nature of major risk factors, occurs mainly at regions of arteries that experience disturbances in fluid flow. Recent data have highlighted the potential endothelial mechanotransducers that mediate responses to flow, the effects of atheroprotective versus atherogenic flow, and the mechanisms that contribute to progression of the disease over time and how systemic factors interact with flow patterns to cause atherosclerosis.
Frm:- Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009 Jan; 10(1): 53–62. doi: 10.1038/nrm2596
Journal of Stem Cells Research, Reviews & Reports is a peer-reviewed, open access journal published by Austin Publishers. It provides easy access to high quality Manuscripts in all related aspects covering Stem cell research that focuses on stem cells, which have a capacity to regenerate and develop into other types of cells namely, like kidney cells, liver cells, heart cells, etc. These circulate and function to replace dysfunctional cells, naturally maintaining optimal health. The Journal encourages all the current medical research that is focused on two particular types of stem cells -- adult and embryonic stem cells that are used in various stem cell therapies against many dreadful diseases.
Austin Publishing Group is a successful host of more than hundred peer reviewed, open access journals in various fields of science and medicine with intent to bridge the gap between academia and research access.
Journal of Stem Cells Research, Reviews & Reports accepts original research articles, review articles, case reports, mini reviews, rapid communication, opinions and editorials on all the related aspects of Stem Cells and Cell-Based Therapies.
This slide gives you ideas about functional matrix theory revisited by Melvin moss in a series of four articles which he tells the limitations of his first study and how he corrected it . this slide includes Functional matrix theory
Constrains of FMH,Functional matrix theory revisited
Articles,Reference
A physical sciences network characterization of non-tumorigenic and metastati...Shashaanka Ashili
To investigate the transition from non-cancerous to metastatic from a physical sciences perspective, the
Physical Sciences–Oncology Centers (PS-OC) Network performed molecular and biophysical comparative studies of the non-tumorigenic MCF-10A and metastatic DA-MB-231 breast epithelial cell lines, commonly used as models of cancer metastasis. Experiments were performed in 20 laboratories from 12 PS-OCs. Each laboratory was supplied with identical aliquots and common reagents and culture protocols. Analyses of these measurements revealed dramatic differences in their mechanics, migration, adhesion, oxygen response, and proteomic profiles. Model-based multi-omics approaches identified key differences between these cells’ regulatory networks involved in morphology and survival. These results provide a multifaceted description of cellular parameters of two widely used cell lines and demonstrate the value of the PS-OC Network approach for integration of diverse experimental observations to elucidate the phenotypes associated with cancer metastasis.
The ECIS is a turnkey system that provides researchers with an advanced, automated, non-invasive means to monitor cell behavior in real-time and without the use of labels.
Female mammals achieve dosage compensation by inactivating one of their two X chromosomes
during development, a process entirely dependent on Xist, an X-linked long noncoding
RNA (lncRNA). At the onset of X chromosome inactivation (XCI), Xist is up-regulated
and spreads along the future inactive X chromosome. Contextually, it recruits repressive
histone and DNA modifiers that transcriptionally silence the X chromosome. Xist regulation is
tightly coupled to differentiation and its expression is under the control of both pluripotency
and epigenetic factors. Recent evidence has suggested that chromatin remodelers accumulate
at the X Inactivation Center (XIC) and here we demonstrate a new role for Chd8 in Xist
regulation in differentiating ES cells, linked to its control and prevention of spurious
transcription factor interactions occurring within Xist regulatory regions. Our findings have a
broader relevance, in the context of complex, developmentally-regulated gene expression.
1. Over
the
past
years,
stem
cell
research
has
advanced
to
the
point
where
the
current
literature
is
seeking
how
best
to
implement
stem
cells
back
into
the
body.
This
is
termed
autologous
stem
cell
transportation,
and
may
be
the
key
to
treating
many
diseases
and
conditions
looking
forward.
However,
due
to
the
sensitivity
of
stem
cells
and
how
they
respond
to
their
environment,
implementing
these
back
into
the
dynamic
human
body
is
no
easy
task.
Therefore,
to
efficiently
transfer
stem
cells
back
into
the
body
for
treatment,
we
have
made
in
vitro
studies
examining
the
response
of
human
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(hMSC)
to
different
factors,
such
as
surface
patterns
and
dynamic,
mechanical
strains.
Using
a
high
throughput
device
and
nano-‐surfaces,
we
were
able
to
study
the
biomechanics
effects
of
static
and
dynamic
stresses
on
stem
cells.
Biomechanical
Effects
on
Cell
Culture:
A
Study
of
Patterns
and
Dynamics
Pablo
Maceda1,
Jason
Lee1,
Eun
Yoon1,
and
Aaron
B.
Baker1
1
Laboratory
for
Cardiovascular
Bioengineering
and
Therapeutics,
Department
of
Biomedical
Engineering,
University
of
Texas
at
Austin,
TX.
0
0.0033
0.0065
0.0098
0.013
0%
FBS 15%
FBS Stretch
RelaXve
Angle
of
Aligment
(Deg)
0.0
9.5
19.0
28.5
38.0
PaZern
So[ PaZern
SXff
WT S1KO
EllipXcal
Form
Factor
0.0
1.5
3.0
4.5
6.0
PaZern_So[ Flat_So[ PaZern_SXff Flat_SXff
WT S1KO
• Human
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(hMSC)
were
stretched
at
0.5
Hz
and
maximal
strain
of
5%
for
30
minutes
under
sine
waveform.
• Phospho-‐ERK
activation
of
stretched
hMSCs
was
measured
through
ELISA
and
compared
to
hMSCs
grown
on
both
serum-‐starved
and
15%
FBS
media.
• Murine
vascular
smooth
muscle
cells
(vSMC)
were
cultured,
with
one
strain
as
wild–
type,
and
the
other
strain
lacking
the
Syndecan1
gene.
• Both
strains
of
vSMCs
were
transferred
to
four
different
nano-‐surfaces,
each
surface
either
patterned
or
unpatterned,
and
either
soft
or
stiff.
Image
analysis
of
cells
was
conducted
using
MetaMorph.
METHODS
INTRODUCTION WT,
Pattern
+
Soft WT,
Flat
+
Soft
WT,
Pattern
+
Stiff WT,
Flat
+
Stiff
S1KO,
Pattern
+
Soft S1KO,
Flat
+
Soft
S1KO,
Pattern
+
Stiff S1KO,
Flat
+
Stiff
RESULTS
Figure
1.
CAD
drawings
of
high
throughput
device
for
applying
mechanical
stretch
to
cells.
(A)
Cells
are
cultured
on
a
flexible
silicone
membrane
and
an
underlying
piston
applies
the
stress.
Two
versions
of
the
piston,
which
apply
(B)
biaxial
strain
and
(C)
uniaxial
strain.
(D)
Trimetric
view
of
constructed
machine.
(E)
Front
view
of
system
with
labeled
parts.
A
B
C
D
Figure
3.
Diagram
of
phospho-‐ERK
activation
pathway.
(A)
A
surface
protein,
such
as
integrin,
FGF,
or
Caveolin,
receives
a
signal,
in
our
case
mechanical
stress.
This
signal
transfers
to
(B),
Ras,
a
small
GTPase.
This
signal
is
further
cascaded
through
phosphorylation
(C)
until
it
reaches
ERK
(D),
or
an
extracellular
single-‐regulated
kinase.
When
phosphorylated,
ERK
is
responsible
for
short-‐term
actin
remodeling
and
other
pathways
that
change
focal
adhesion.
Figure
4.
Phospho-‐ERK
activation
of
hMSC
under
sine
waveform
stretch.
hMSC
were
stretched
at
0.5
Hz
and
maximal
strain
of
5%
for
30
min
under
sine
waveform.
Expression
of
p-‐ERK
was
compared
against
serum-‐starved
hMSC
under
static
conditions.
t–Test
showed
statistically
significant
difference
to
cells
without
FBS
at
P<0.05.
Figure
5.
Phase
images
of
wild–type
murine
vSMC
cultured
under
different
surface
conditions.
Murine
vSMCs
were
grown
under
various
nano-‐surfaces.
Images
show
elongated
cells
for
all
factors,
and
relative
alignment
to
the
nano–patterns
for
both
soft
and
stiff
conditions.
Surface
was
coated
with
collagen
before
seeding
the
cells.
Images
were
taken
48
hours
post-‐confluency.
Figure
6.
Phase
images
of
Syndecan1-‐KO
(S1KO)
murine
vSMC
cultured
under
different
surface
conditions.
These
cells
were
cultured
without
the
gene
coding
for
Syndecan1,
a
transmembrane
protein.
Images
show
little
to
no
alignment
to
pattern
in
comparison
to
wild-‐type
vSMC,
instead
demonstrating
sporadic
orientation.
Cells
also
show
less
elongation
on
all
factors.
Surface
was
coated
with
collagen
before
seeding
the
cells.
Images
were
taken
48
hours
post-‐confluency.
Figure
8.
Orientation
of
cells
and
elliptical
form
factor.
Murine
wild-‐
type
and
S1KO
were
cultured
on
nano-‐surfaces,
with
patterns
and
stiffness
as
the
variables.
Graphs
are
a
result
of
image
analysis,
demonstrate
that
vSMCs
without
Syndecan1
are
less
likely
to
align
to
patterns
than
vSMCs
with
Syndecan1.
Also,
across
all
factors
wild-‐
type
vSMCs
have
greater
elongation
than
S1KO
vSMCs.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
:
American
Heart
Association,
NIH
New
Innovator
Program,
and
Baker
Lab
Member:
Subhamoy
Das,
Anthony
Monteforte,
Peter
Voyvodic,
Adrianne
Shearer,
and
Victoria
Le
CONCLUSIONS
Phospho–ERK
is
activated
to
a
greater
extent
when
placed
under
mechanical
stress.
We
can
therefore
say
that
phospho–ERK
is
essential
to
how
a
cell
manages
when
placed
in
a
dynamic
environment
that
is
constantly
stretching
and
contracting,
such
as
the
heart.
We
determined
the
transmembrane
protein
Syndecan1
to
be
pivotal
in
a
cell’s
ability
to
orient
itself
to
different
surface
patterns
and
stiffness.
Future
works
might
include
dynamic
stretch
with
different
patterns,
as
well
as
stem
cell
differentiation
pathway
studies
through
mechanical
strain.
Figure
2.
Image
of
human
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(hMSCs).
Cells
were
passaged
twice
and
left
to
culture
on
same
dish
for
four
days
before
this
image
was
taken.
Mesenchymal
stem
cells
are
multipotent
stromal
cells,
meaning
they
can
differentiate
into
various
cell
types,
including
osteoblasts,
chondrocytes,
and
adipocytes.