This document provides an overview of network management and operations. It discusses key topics like ICT operations and management frameworks, network architectures, quality of service, service level agreements, and challenges in areas like operations support systems and next generation networks. Standard bodies and reference models are also referenced, such as ITU-T TMN and TeleManagement Forum TOM for architecture and business process, and Y.1541 for network QoS objectives.

1. 1
Network Management
Chapter 1 ICT Operations and Management
POSTEC Lecture
March 4,7,11 &13 , 2008
Masayoshi Ejiri
Japan

2. 2
Agenda
1. ICT Operations and Management
- Service Industries
- ICT Services and Networks—
- Target of the Management
2, Architecture ,Function ,Information Model and Business Process
- ITU-T TMN( Telecommunications Management Network)
- TeleManagement Forum Telecommunications Operations Map ( TOM)
- Multi domain management and System Integration
- Standardization
3. OSS( Operations Support System ) Development
- Software Architecture ,Key Technologies and Product Evaluation—
4. SLA( Service Level Agreement) and QoS( Quality of Service)
- SLA Definition , reference point and policy based negotiation
5, IP/eBusiness Management
- Paradigm shift , Architecture beyond TMN and enhanced TOM
6. NGN( Next Generation Networks) Management
- NGN Networks and Services , New Paradigm of ICT Business and
Management

3. 3
Service Industries
• Introduction
• Business and Operations
• SP( Service Provider)’s mission

4. 4
Product Life Cycle
Plan Do
Check
Action
R&D
•Labs. 研究所
•Engineering Bureau
技術局
Planning Bureau
計画局
Plant Engineering Bureau
施設局
Maintenance and Operations
保全局
???
Products
PDCA
Construction Bureau
建設局

5. 5
・ Software
Architecture
・ Platform
・ COTS/PnP
・ Business Process
・ Functional
Architecture
・ Information Model
Management
System
Management System Development
Strategy/ Policy
•Customers Demand
•Interoperability
•Profit
COTS:Commercial Of The Shelf
PnP: Plug and Play
Target
(Why)
Technology
(How)
Business
(What)
Development

6. 6
New Paradigms of
ICT Industry
·Open Market
·Inter Networking
·Virtual Service Provider
Deregulation
Customers’ Demand
Technology
Convergence
Business
Convergence

7. 7
Paradigm Shift
tBusiness? iBusiness?
Simple
Network/Services
on POTS
• Regulated Market
• Dominant Carrier
•SP defined Service
menu.
•Best Effort SLA
Multi, Heterogeneous
Network/ Services
on IP
• Open Market
• Multi SP
•Customer combined
Service
•Compromised SLA
eBusiness?
Ubiquitous
Network/ Services
on Nomadic
• Personal Market
• Virtual SP
•Customer defined
Service
•Satisfied SLA
t: telephone i: internet e: enjoyable

8. 8
Customer
Service Operations
Partner
Operations
Support
Service Resource
Supply
Customer Requirement
Resource Management
Operations Resource Supply
Business Model of Service Industry
Resource
Customer Care
Service
Resource Supply

9. 9
ICT and Operations
Customer
ＮＥ/NW
Bottom
Up
Top
Down
Service Management
Network Management
Operations
SLA
OSS
TMN

10. 10
Restaurant and Operations
Customer
Ingredient
Bottom
Up
Top
Down
Customer Care
Cook and Decorate
Operations
Food on Dish
Utensil
Recipe

11. 11

12. 12

13. 13

14. 14

15. 15
TMN Management Services Rec.M3200
List of Management Services
• 1) Customer Administration;
• 2) Network Provisioning Management;
• 3) Work Force Management;
• 4) Tariff, Charging and Accounting Administration;
• 5) Quality of Service and Network Performance
Administration;
• 6) Traffic Measurement and Analysis Administration;
• 7) Traffic Management;
• 8) Routing and Digit Analysis Administration;
• 9) Maintenance Management;
• 10) Security Administration;

16. 16
ICT Services and Networks
• Services
• Service Delivery Chain
• Value Chain and Solution
• Network Services
• Network Architecture

17. 17
Services ?
Lessons learnt from other Senior Service
Industries
• Customer Centric
• Multi and Virtual Service Provider
• Business Expansion
• Context and Contents aware services

18. 18
Middleware
Operating System
Service Management
Network Management
NE/NW
Hardware
Customer-Oriented Business
Customers
IT/Computer
Business
Application Customer Care
Telecom Business

19. 19
ICT Service Delivery Chain
End Users
Vendors
LAN
LAN
Corporate SPs
VAN
VAN
VAN ＳＰs
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
Long Line SPs 国際ｷｬﾘｱ
国際ｷｬﾘｱ
International ＳＰs
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
Access Carriers
Local ＳＰs
Virtual Service
Provider
ISPs
WAN
WAN
Telecom Agents
ASPs CSPs
Contents

20. 20
Service Delivery Chain (Tour Business)
LAN
End Users
LAN
VAN
WAN
地域ｷｬﾘｱ
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
Local Travel
Agents
VAN
Hotel Chain
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
Air Lines 国際ｷｬﾘｱ
国際ｷｬﾘｱ
Railways
Car Rentals
WAN
Travel Agents
地域ｷｬﾘｱ
Bus
Companies
Package
Tour

21. 21
Simplified Value Chain
Provider
Customer
SP1
Provider
Customer
SP2
Supplier
Internal
Provider
Customer
Customer
End Users End-to-End Service Management

22. 22
Tourism Value Chain
Tourist
Vendors
LAN
LAN
VAN
VAN
Taxi
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
Railways 国際ｷｬﾘｱ
国際ｷｬﾘｱ
Hotel
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
Restaurant
WAN
WAN
Souvenir Shop
i
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
Tour Bus
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
Air Plain
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
Attraction
LAN
LAN
Guide Book
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
Travel Agent 長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
Virtual
Tour
Provider
Tour Guide
Tourist Bureau
Museum
Park

23. 23
i/e Business Value Chain
End Users
Vendors
LAN
LAN
Corporate SPs
VAN
VAN
VAN ＳＰs
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
Long Line SPs 国際ｷｬﾘｱ
国際ｷｬﾘｱ
International ＳＰs
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
Access SPs
WAN
WAN
Agents
ASPs CSPs
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
Local Carriers
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
ｱｸｾｽ•ｷｬﾘｱ
Dark Fiber SPs
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
ISPs
LAN
LAN
Portal
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
CDC
(Contents Delivery Center)
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
長距離ｷｬﾘｱ
CMC
(Contents management Center)
Virtual
i-Service
Provider
Virtual
e-Service
Provider

24. 24
Lessons Learnt from Logistic Industry
• Basic Service : ex. Collection of goods from location A
and deliver to location B
- Transport services
• Associated services : Convenience Store acts as a
mediator for collection. Deliveries be arranged in agreed
time and traceable.
- Operations Services
• Value added Services : Perishable goods ( fish, fruit) be
transported using a cold storage , delicate good be
transported using hanging
- Contents Aware Delivery Services

25. 25
Simple Service
ＹＡＭＡＨＡ Music
Instrument
Product
Shop
YH Music
School
運送屋
Publishing
Customer
Private
School
Logistic
Marketing
Proquｒement
Solution
Concert

26. 26
Photograph
(ex. Fuji Film) Customer
Camera
Product Film Product
DPE
Product
Photo Club, Salon,
Magazine
Camera
Shop
Convenience
Store
Gift Shop
Marketing
Procurement
Photo Contest

27. 27
ICT Service Provider
Customer
Network
Provisioning
Network Management
NE Procurement
NW
Procurement
Marketing Call Center
Service Provider
Service Management
NE: Network Element
NW: Network
Contents
Procurement
Out
Sourcing

28. 28
Network Services
• PSTN ( Public Switched Telephone Network) :
Local Call
Toll( Intercity ) Call
International Call
Leased Line ,VPN
DDX,FAX,FR
IN( Intelligent Network) by NSP
• IP : VoIP, VPN, IPTV
Guaranteed ? Best Efforts ?

29. 29
History to IP Network
History
• 1835 : Mores code Telegram ->Digital Communication
• 1876 : Grahan Bell Telephone ->Analog Communication
• 1969 : Internet UCLA -> Digital Communication
• 1969 : Unix Bell Labs. ->Computer Communication ( UUCP::Unix
to Unix CoPy)
• 1983 : ARPA Internet
• 1993 : WWW
Vinton G.Cerf ( TCP/IP developer ) in 1999 speech
• Everything on IP
• IP on Everything
• Inter-planetary Internet

30. 30
TMN Management Areas Rec. M3200
List of Telecommunications Managed Areas
• 1) Switched Telephone Network;
• 2) Mobile Communications Network;
• 3) Switched Data Network;
• 4) Intelligent Network;
• 5) Common Channel Signalling System No. 7 Network;
• 6) N-ISDN;
• 7) B-ISDN;
• 8) Dedicated and Reconfigurable Circuits Network;
• 9) TMN;
• 10) IMT-2000 (formerly FPLMTS);
• 11) Access and Terminal Equipment Network;
• 12) Transport Network;
• 13) Infrastructure.

31. 31
Network Architecture (1)
• Network Configuration by
Node (Switch, Router, Server ,Terminal …)
and Trail( Link. Path, Circuit…)
RAS: Reliability, Availability , Survivability ??

32. 32
Network Architecture (2)
PSTN
Toll
Switch
Local
Switch
Subscriber/CPE( Customer Premises)
NSP (Network Service Control Point)
NSSP (Network Service Support Point)

33. 33
Network Architecture (3)
Terminal
LAN
WAN
MAN
Core
Access CPE
CPE

34. 34
REC. Y.1541 – UNI-to-UNI reference path for network QoS objectives
DST: Destination Host
SRC : Source Host

35. 35
REC. Y.1541 – Role of IP nodes in a network section

36. 36
Y.1541 – Hypothetical reference path for QoS class 0

37. 37
Access Networks
• PSTN/ISDN
• ADSL/VDSL
• CATV( Coaxial Cable)
• HFC ( Hybrid Fiber and Coaxial)
• FTTx ( x: Home, Building, Core)
• PHS/Cellular
• FWA ( Fixed Wirell Access)
• W-LAN ( Hot Spot)
• Satellite

38. 38
J.190_F5-1
Home Access Class
(HA)
Home Bridge Class
(HB)
Home Client Class
(HC)
Home Decoder Class
(HD)
Internet Protocol (IP) Proprietary Protocol
IPCable2Home Domain
Access
Network
Control
TEL
PC
STB
PS
CM
BP
BP
BP
BP
EP
EP
EP
EP
LC
LC
LC
Proprietary Domain
AV plane
PC plane
TEL/FAX
plane
Home
appliance
plane
STB
TV
Microwave oven
AV-HDD
DVD
D-VHS
IC Audio
Printer
PC
DVC
DSC
Video phone
Cordless phone
MTA(VoIP)
FAX
Air-con
Camera monitor
Refrigerator
REC. J.190 – MediaHomeNet context with home networking and access network

39. 39
Ubiquitous Network
• Personal??
Core NW
Area NW
Cellular NW
WiFi/WiMAX
NW
Access NW
Enterprise NW
Ad Hoc NW
Sensor NW
Home Networking
Broad Band
NW
PSTN/
ISDN
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network
ITS : Intelligent Transport System
ITS
Personal Area
Network

40. 40
Target of the Management
• Operations
• Scope and Mission of Operations
• Solution
• Target

41. 41
Challenge of R&D
PSTN/POTS
eBusiness
IP NW/Service
Management
Concept &
TMN
Integrated
Resource
Management
Service
Architecture
Business
Process
•Visible Mgt.
• SLA
Customer •Self Operations
•Contents Aware Mgt.
PSTN ：Public Switched Telephone Network
POTS : Plane Old Telephone Service

42. 42
ICT and Operations
Customer
ＮＥ/NW
Bottom
Up
Top
Down
Service Management
Network Management
Operations
SLA
OSS
TMN

43. 43
Service front
Backyard
Network element / Network
Trend
Interface
OSF : Operations System
Function
Customer
Operations Activities
OSF
OSF
OSF

44. 44
Operations
Operations and OSS
Database Application
OSS
(Operations Support System)
Facts and Data Action

45. 45
Fact and Data
• Fact : What you See, Touch and Feel by
yourself. You should decide what is Fact.
• Data : Attribute of Fact
Good by Assumption with no evidence
and Second hand quote
Face the Fact and Act on the Fact

46. 46
Operator
NE
Customer
OSS
Service Plane
Operations
Service Communications
Service
Managing Plane
Network
Planner
Service
Planner
Business Management
Service
Operations
Scope of Operations
Enterprise
Manager
Operator
Service

47. 47
Mission of ICT Management
-Solution Provider-
 WHY ? For Whom. For What target
Service Strategy  Customers’ Profit＝SPs’ Profit
 WHAT? Managed Object
BPE+ResourceCommon Process,Information and Data Model,
（BPE : Business Process Engineering)
 How ? By whom, by what
Human +Mechanism ( Organization )＋Process +ＯＳＳ  Quick and
Accurate action basded on Facts and Data
( OSS : Operations Support System)

48. 48
Solution ?
-Beyond Customer Expectation-
• Resolute Problems Happened：Business Operations
• Resolute problems in Advance ：Business
Improvement
• Resolute problems Propounded：Business
Reformation Resolute through BPR ： Business
Evolution
Solution = Cooperative Business Process
among multi players

49. 49
Solution
Customer
Resource
Solution
Human
Activity
Business
Process
Management System（OSS）
Operations
OSS: Operations Support System

50. 50
Management Gaps
• Lack of automated and proactive end-to-end service assurance
– Leads to poor customer service, resulting in high customer churn
– Little return on effort invested in definition of specifications in terms of
standard product
– Inability to proactively prompt customers/trading partners of service
faults/failure
• Lack of integrated network and service level OSS solutions
– Requires substantial investment by service providers in system integration
instead of delivering unique service offerings
– Cost of ownership associated with several non-integrated EMS/NMS/OSS
functions from various vendors
• Lack of real time notification of service affecting problems to the
Customer Care system from multi-technology, multi-vendor networks
– Exposed to rate discounting based upon extended down-time.

51. 51
Three Importance
-Attitude and Behavior-
• Rich Concept.
• Flexible Action.
• Based on Principle.
• Say what you think.
• Ask what you don’t know.
• Apology your mistakes.

52. 52
Service Competition
-SP centric to Customer centric-
• Set Menu  Order made by negotiation
• Material Value Cooking,Seasoning,Decoration
Value
• Discrete Restaurant  Chain Restaurant ( Partner
ship)
SLA (Service Level Announcement)
 SLA (Service Level Agreement)

53. 53
Target of Management and OSS
Cost Conscious to Profit Conscious
NE/Network Supervision &Control
Centralized NW / Service Operations
Create Competitive Services
• High Price performance Service
by Dynamic Service/Price for 100% Resource Usage (24/7/365)
• Excellence of Customer Care
by Process Integration/ Automation and Self Operations
・Not Built But Buy
・Commercial off the Shelf Software
・Proof of Interoperability
for Globally Acceptable Software Packages and OSS
Faster, Cheaper and Better OSS

54. 54
Business Process
・Process Integration
・Process Automation
・Customers Self Operation
OSS Development
・In-house → Outsourcing
・Not Built But By
・COTS (Commercial off The Shelf) Software
Resource Management
・Pricing Strategy
・Service Negotiation / Customization
・Dynamic Resource Management for 100% Usage
Cost / Price Down Strategy

55. 55
Cost / Price Down Strategy
Customer Self Operation
by Process Integration/
Automation
100% Resource Usage
(24/7/365)
by Dynamic Service/Price
Negotiation
Not Built But Buy
By COTS/ PnP Products
Business Process Resource
OSS

56. 56
Trend of OSS
Development
Ops to supervise and
control NEs
Centralized OpS for
network management
Customer oriented
total OpS
DCN
DCN
DCN
NE OpS
Network OpS
Z company Customers
SP
Network
OpS
NE
OpS
A company
DCN