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PSY 1000 OL 21
Danielle Reel
Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder
Stress
 Stress is defined by Ciccarelli and White
(2012) as, “The term used to describe the
physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral
response to events that are appraised as
threatening or challenging” (pg. 410).
 Physical effects can include tiredness,
difficulty sleeping, weak immune system, and
even can cause chest pains and queasiness.
Stress Continued
 Social factors can affect stress such as
poverty and job stress
 Ciccarelli and White (2012) said that poverty
causes “Lack of sufficient money to provide the
basic necessities of life can lead to many
stressors for both adults and children:
overcrowding, lack of medical care, increased
rates of disabilities due to poor prenatal care,
noisy environments, increased rates of illness
and violence, and substance abuse” (433).
Coping Skills
 Stress in one’s life is inevitable, but coping is the key
to not letting it control your life.
 Coping:
 Problem-focused coping: one tries to remove or
reduce the impact of their stress through their own
actions
 Emotion-focused coping: “Changing the way a
person feels or emotionally reacts to a stressor”
(Ciccarelli and White, 2012, pg. 436).
 Meditation: “A mental series of exercises meant to
refocus attention and achieve a trancelike state of
consciousness” (Ciccarelli and White, 2012, pg.
437).
 All of these coping skills make it possible to deal with
What is Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder?
 Also known as PTSD
 Any high stress situation can lead to PTSD,
but the most talked about is soldiers and
veterans coming home from combat.
PTSD continued
 A study conducted by Connor Sullivan (2013)
resulted in proving that PTSD is related to
violence at a bivariate level which is what most
soldiers face during combat (pg. 6).
 Can lead to violence and substance abuse
 Flashbacks of the occurrence can lead to higher
odds of aggression (Sullivan, 2013, pg. 6). Higher
odds of aggression can lead to higher family
aggression and violence.
 A study by Connor Sullivan (2013) concluded that
with continued therapy, there may be an effective
method for reducing PTSD symptoms of
aggression (pg. 7).
A visual of PTSD
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMC2jt_QVEE
&index=2&list=PL8FBF506DEC670ADF
 This is a great video posted on YouTube from
Veterans Health Administration.
I suffer from PTSD, now what?
 There are programs available for both those who
suffer from PTSD as well as their families.
 REACH is one of those programs
 A study conducted by Fisher (2013) concluded that
there were positive effects of the program on the
veterans and their families (pg. 132).
 They, “Showed improvements in the knowledge domains
and skills directly targeted in REACH sessions,
specifically, knowledge about PTSD, understanding of
positive strategies for dealing with situations commonly
confronted in PTSD, family coping strategies, family
communication and problem-solving behaviors and
empowerment (Fisher, 2013, pg. 132).
 REACH and similar programs are very effective in
getting coping skills to veterans and their loved ones.
Therapy helps!
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzB3dy-Rtw4
 This video is long but definitely worth the time! It
demonstrates why therapy is needed for not only
the victim but also the victim’s loved ones. It affects
them all so everyone needs to learn how to cope.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvXqgBHJzJ0
&list=PL8FBF506DEC670ADF&index=8
 Another video posted by Veterans Health
Administration states that therapy can even help
with sleeping problems.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tx3KdKDZOS8
 One more VHA video that discusses cognitive
processing therapy.
References
Ciccarelli, Saundra K., and J. Noland. White.
Psychology. Upper Saddle River: Pearson
Prentice Hall, 2012. Print.
Fischer, E.P., Sherman, M.D., Han, X., & Owen, R.
r. (2013). Outcomes of participation in the
REACH multifamily group program for
veterans with PTSD and their families.
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice,
44(3), 127-134. doi:10.1037/a0032024.

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Post traumatic stress disorder

  • 1. PSY 1000 OL 21 Danielle Reel Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
  • 2. Stress  Stress is defined by Ciccarelli and White (2012) as, “The term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral response to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging” (pg. 410).  Physical effects can include tiredness, difficulty sleeping, weak immune system, and even can cause chest pains and queasiness.
  • 3. Stress Continued  Social factors can affect stress such as poverty and job stress  Ciccarelli and White (2012) said that poverty causes “Lack of sufficient money to provide the basic necessities of life can lead to many stressors for both adults and children: overcrowding, lack of medical care, increased rates of disabilities due to poor prenatal care, noisy environments, increased rates of illness and violence, and substance abuse” (433).
  • 4. Coping Skills  Stress in one’s life is inevitable, but coping is the key to not letting it control your life.  Coping:  Problem-focused coping: one tries to remove or reduce the impact of their stress through their own actions  Emotion-focused coping: “Changing the way a person feels or emotionally reacts to a stressor” (Ciccarelli and White, 2012, pg. 436).  Meditation: “A mental series of exercises meant to refocus attention and achieve a trancelike state of consciousness” (Ciccarelli and White, 2012, pg. 437).  All of these coping skills make it possible to deal with
  • 5. What is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?  Also known as PTSD  Any high stress situation can lead to PTSD, but the most talked about is soldiers and veterans coming home from combat.
  • 6. PTSD continued  A study conducted by Connor Sullivan (2013) resulted in proving that PTSD is related to violence at a bivariate level which is what most soldiers face during combat (pg. 6).  Can lead to violence and substance abuse  Flashbacks of the occurrence can lead to higher odds of aggression (Sullivan, 2013, pg. 6). Higher odds of aggression can lead to higher family aggression and violence.  A study by Connor Sullivan (2013) concluded that with continued therapy, there may be an effective method for reducing PTSD symptoms of aggression (pg. 7).
  • 7. A visual of PTSD  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMC2jt_QVEE &index=2&list=PL8FBF506DEC670ADF  This is a great video posted on YouTube from Veterans Health Administration.
  • 8. I suffer from PTSD, now what?  There are programs available for both those who suffer from PTSD as well as their families.  REACH is one of those programs  A study conducted by Fisher (2013) concluded that there were positive effects of the program on the veterans and their families (pg. 132).  They, “Showed improvements in the knowledge domains and skills directly targeted in REACH sessions, specifically, knowledge about PTSD, understanding of positive strategies for dealing with situations commonly confronted in PTSD, family coping strategies, family communication and problem-solving behaviors and empowerment (Fisher, 2013, pg. 132).  REACH and similar programs are very effective in getting coping skills to veterans and their loved ones.
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  • 10. Therapy helps!  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzB3dy-Rtw4  This video is long but definitely worth the time! It demonstrates why therapy is needed for not only the victim but also the victim’s loved ones. It affects them all so everyone needs to learn how to cope.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvXqgBHJzJ0 &list=PL8FBF506DEC670ADF&index=8  Another video posted by Veterans Health Administration states that therapy can even help with sleeping problems.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tx3KdKDZOS8  One more VHA video that discusses cognitive processing therapy.
  • 11. References Ciccarelli, Saundra K., and J. Noland. White. Psychology. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2012. Print. Fischer, E.P., Sherman, M.D., Han, X., & Owen, R. r. (2013). Outcomes of participation in the REACH multifamily group program for veterans with PTSD and their families. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 44(3), 127-134. doi:10.1037/a0032024.