Volcanic activity can have both positive and negative effects. Positively, volcanic eruptions create fertile soils and new rock formations. However, eruptions can also cause pyroclastic flows which are fast-moving, hot mixtures of gas and material that destroy everything in their path. Additionally, volcanic processes sometimes trigger earthquakes and tsunamis. While volcanoes attract many tourists who wish to view eruptions, the eruptions also pose dangers from pyroclastic flows and lahars, which are destructive volcanic mudflows.

1. Positive and
negative effects of
volcanic activity

2. The effect of volcanic processes are
volcanic soils - andosols and
allophanic - humus soils. Such soils
are formed on ash and volcanic ash.
They are characterized by a high
content of humus. Volcanic soils are
considered fertile, they are used for
agriculture. They are found mainly
in the Pacific Ring of Fire.

3. VOLCANOES ARE A SOURCE OF NEW ROCK
THAT IS FORMED WHEN THE MAGMA
SOLIDIFIES. MAYBE FOR THIS COME BOTH ON
THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH AND BELOW IT.
IN THE FIRST CASE, THE EFFUSIVE ROCKS
ARISE, IN THE SECOND - DEEP SEA ROCKS. AN
EXAMPLE OF AN EFFUSIVE ROCK IS BASALT,
WHILE AN EXAMPLE OF DEEP-SEA ROCK IS
GRANITE.

4. 01
Tourist attractions are all
physical and natural objects
and anthropogenic or
features of objects that
attract visitors. Natural
attractions include
volcanoes and volcanic
lakes.

5. 01
Among the volcanoes that
attract tourists, there are
both extinct and active. In
the United States, you can
visit the Hawaiian
Volcanoes National Park,
where the Kilauea Volcano
is the biggest attraction.
There you can see not only
the crater itself, but also
the pouring out of magma.
The most famous volcanic
lakes include Lake
Troickoje in Russia, or Lake
Darwin on the Galapagos
Islands.

6. THE OCCURRENCE OF VOLCANIC PHENOMENA IS RELATED TO HIGH
TEMPERATURE. THIS STARTED THE EXPLOITATION OF PHENOMENA VOLCANIC
ROCKS AS POTENTIAL ENERGY SOURCES. EXAMPLES OF COUNTRIES WHERE
ENERGY IS OBTAINED FROM THE INSIDE OF THE EARTH ARE ICELAND AND NEW
ZEALAND.

7. Negative effects
of volcanic
activity

8. Earthquakes are a side effect of
volcanic phenomena. However,
they are not too frequent if
compared with quakes caused
by the displacement of
lithospheric plates. Volcanic
quakes account for up to 7% of
all earthquakes in the world.

10. V O L C A N I C E R U P T I O N S C A N
V O L C A N I C E R U P T I O N S C A N
V O L C A N I C E R U P T I O N S C A N
C A U S E S O - C A L L E D
C A U S E S O - C A L L E D
C A U S E S O - C A L L E D
P Y R O C L A S T I C F L O W S - A
P Y R O C L A S T I C F L O W S - A
P Y R O C L A S T I C F L O W S - A
M I X T U R E O F P Y R O C L A S T I C
M I X T U R E O F P Y R O C L A S T I C
M I X T U R E O F P Y R O C L A S T I C
M A T E R I A L A N D G A S E S . S U C H
M A T E R I A L A N D G A S E S . S U C H
M A T E R I A L A N D G A S E S . S U C H
A V A L A N C H E S H A V E A L A R G E
A V A L A N C H E S H A V E A L A R G E
A V A L A N C H E S H A V E A L A R G E
V O L U M E A N D T R A V E L S P E E D S
V O L U M E A N D T R A V E L S P E E D S
V O L U M E A N D T R A V E L S P E E D S
O F U P T O 1 5 0 K M P E R H O U R . T H E
O F U P T O 1 5 0 K M P E R H O U R . T H E
O F U P T O 1 5 0 K M P E R H O U R . T H E
C A R R I E D M A T E R I A L A L S O H A S
C A R R I E D M A T E R I A L A L S O H A S
C A R R I E D M A T E R I A L A L S O H A S
A H I G H T E M P E R A T U R E O F U P T O
A H I G H T E M P E R A T U R E O F U P T O
A H I G H T E M P E R A T U R E O F U P T O
1 0 0 0 ° C . T H E P A S S A G E O F S U C H
1 0 0 0 ° C . T H E P A S S A G E O F S U C H
1 0 0 0 ° C . T H E P A S S A G E O F S U C H
A N A V A L A N C H E C A U S E S H U G E
A N A V A L A N C H E C A U S E S H U G E
A N A V A L A N C H E C A U S E S H U G E
D E S T R U C T I O N O F O B J E C T S O N
D E S T R U C T I O N O F O B J E C T S O N
D E S T R U C T I O N O F O B J E C T S O N
I T S R O U T E .
I T S R O U T E .
I T S R O U T E .

11. AN EXAMPLE OF PYROCLASTIC FLOW
AN EXAMPLE OF PYROCLASTIC FLOW
AN EXAMPLE OF PYROCLASTIC FLOW

12. Volcanic processes are
also one of the causes
of the formation of
the tsunami.

13. Volcanic ash run off mixed with water creates the
so-called lahars.
Lahars are extremely destructive: they can flow tens
of metres per second, they have been known to be
up to 140 metres deep, and large flows tend to
destroy any structures in their path.

15. Thank
Thank
Thank
you!
you!
you!