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1. portfolio
1B
Michael Morales
2025

2. UNITS
07 FOOD
In the
neighborhoo
d
What are
you doing?
08
09
10 Past
experience
s
Getting away
Time to
celebrate
11
12

3. UNIT 7
Michael Morales
2025
GRAMMAR 1

4. DEFINITION:
Count nouns refer to things
that can be counted (e.g.,
"apple," "book"), while
noncount nouns refer to
things that cannot be
counted (e.g., "water,"
"information").
Count and noncount

5. Rules
:
• Count nouns have
singular and plural
forms.
• Noncount nouns do not
have plural forms.

6. GRAMMAR STRUCTURE:

7. EXAMPLES:
- Count: "I have three books."
- Noncount: "I need some advice."

8. PRACTICE:

9. UNIT 7
Michael Morales
2025
GRAMMAR 2

10. DEFINITION:
"Some" and "any" are use
to refer to an indefinite
quantity.
Some and Any

11. Rules
:
Rules for "Some" and "Any"
"Some" and "Any" are quantifiers used with countable and uncountable
nouns. They indicate an unspecified quantity or number.
1. "Some" (used in positive sentences)
Used in affirmative sentences.
Can be used with countable (plural) and uncountable nouns.
2. "Any" (used in negative sentences and questions)
Used in negative sentences and questions.
Can also be used with countable (plural) and uncountable nouns.

12. GRAMMAR STRUCTURE:

13. EXAMPLES:
Ejemplos de oraciones con "some":
• "I have some chairs at home we can use".
• "There are some pencils in my pencil case".
• "Would you like some dessert?".
Ejemplos de oraciones con "any":
• "There aren't any pencils in my pencil case".
• "Is there any juice left?".
• "Do you have any other question?".

14. PRACTICE:

15. UNIT 8
Michael Morales
2025
GRAMMAR 3

16. DEFINITION:
Prepositions of location are
words that indicate where
someone or something is
located. They are used to
create prepositional phrases
that describe spatial
relationships.
Prepositions of Location

17. Rules
:
• In: Used to locate an area, such as cities, countries, continents, parts
of a country, region, or city.
• On: Used to locate on a surface, such as streets, specific places, lines
(including rivers, borders, streets, etc.), and islands.
• At: Used to locate a specific point, such as addresses or specific
places in towns or cities.
• Outside: Means outside, outside of.
• Over: Means above, on.
• Under: Means below, under.
• Underneath: Means under, beneath.
• By: Indicates being close to something or someone.
• Between: Used to indicate the position of something between two
or more objects.

18. GRAMMAR STRUCTURE:

19. EXAMPLES:
• The book is on the table
• She lives near the park
• He is waiting at the bus stop
• The cat is hiding under the bed
• A picture is hanging above the fireplace
• The restaurant is situated between the library
and the supermarket
• We waited outside the store

20. PRACTICE:

21. UNIT 8
Michael Morales
2025
GRAMMAR 4

22. DEFINITION:
Used to indicate
the existence of
something.
There is, There are

23. Rules
:
The rules for using "There is" and "There are" in English are as follows:
1. Use of "There is" (singular)
It is used with singular countable nouns and with uncountable nouns.
✅ Examples:
• There is a book on the table. (There is a book on the table.)
• There is a little water in the glass. (There is water in the glass.)
2. Use of "There are" (plural)
It is used with plural countable nouns.
✅ Examples:
• There are two dogs in the park. (There are two dogs in the park.)
• There are many students in the class. (There are many students in the
class.)

24. GRAMMAR STRUCTURE:

25. EXAMPLES:
Examples of "there is"
"There is a bridge in the park"
"There is a restaurant at the station"
"There is a computer in the bedroom"
Examples of "there are"
"There are two cafes in the mall"
"There are two sofas in the living room"
"There are three cushions on the sofa”

26. PRACTICE:

27. UNIT 9
Michael Morales
2025
GRAMMAR 5

28. DEFINITION:
Is a verb tense that
describes an action that
is happening right now
or may continue into
the future
Present Continuous Statements

29. Rules
:

30. GRAMMAR STRUCTURE:
"Subject + be + -ing verb."

31. EXAMPLES:
• "I am cooking pasta for
lunch".
• "The baby is crying out
loud".
• "It is raining now".
• "My sister is always
reminding me to call our
parents".
• "The conditions are
looking perfect for a
swim this afternoon".

32. PRACTICE:

33. UNIT 9
Michael Morales
2025
GRAMMAR 6

34. DEFINITION:
Questions about actions
in progress. We make
questions by putting am,
is or are in front of the
subject
Present Continuous Questions

35. Rules
:
To form questions in the
present continuous tense, you
can use the formula
"am/is/are" + subject + verb-
ing. For example, "Is she
working today?

36. GRAMMAR STRUCTURE:

37. EXAMPLES:
• "Why am I eating chocolate?"
• "What are you studying now?"
• "When is he working?"
• "What is she doing?"
• "Why is it raining?"
• "Who are we meeting?"
• "How are they traveling?"
• "Where are you going?"

38. PRACTICE:

39. UNIT 10
Michael Morales
2025
GRAMMAR 7

40. DEFINITION:
The simple past is the most
common way to talk about
past events or states that have
ended. It is often used when
referring to past times (e.g.,
yesterday, two years ago).
SIMPLE PAST REGULAR VERBS

41. Rules
:

42. GRAMMAR STRUCTURE:
Afirmativa
Sujeto + verbo + complemento
Negativa
Sujeto + auxiliar do/does not + verbo +
complemento
Interrogativa
Auxiliar do/does + sujeto + verbo + complemento

43. EXAMPLES:
A past event could be one thing that
happened in the past, or a repeated thing.
• I stopped at a zebra crossing.
• We carried on with the test.
• We played tennis every day in August.
A state is a situation without an action
happening.
• We stayed at my grandparents' house last
summer.

44. PRACTICE:

45. UNIT 10
Michael Morales
2025
GRAMMAR 8

46. DEFINITION:
Verbs that do not
follow a rule for
forming the past
tense.
Simple Past Irregular Verbs

47. Rules
:
Irregular verbs in the simple past don't follow the regular "-ed" rule (as in "walk
walked"). Instead, they have unique forms that should be memorized. Here
→
are the main rules:
1. Completely Different Forms
Some verbs change completely in the past tense.
✅ Examples:
Go We went We went to the park yesterday.
→ →
Eat He ate She ate lunch at noon.
→ →
Buy He bought He bought a new car.
→ →

48. GRAMMAR STRUCTURE:

49. EXAMPLES:
Go
• The simple past tense of "go" is "went". For example, "Asif went to the hospital
yesterday".
Begin
• The simple past tense of "begin" is "began". For example, "He began writing his
thesis last week".
Break
• The simple past tense of "break" is "broke". For example, "The vase broke when it
fell".
Bring
• The simple past tense of "bring" is "brought". For example, "She brought me a gift".
Buy
• The simple past tense of "buy" is "bought". For example, "She bought a mirror".

50. PRACTICE:

51. UNIT 11
Michael Morales
2025
GRAMMAR 9

52. DEFINITION:
The past tense of the
verb "to be" is "was" for
"I", "he", "she", and "it",
and "were" for "you",
"we", and "they".
PAST OF BE

53. Rules
:

54. GRAMMAR STRUCTURE

55. EXAMPLES:
• I was at my gran's house yesterday.
• You were in the garden yesterday.
• It was sunny yesterday.
• They were at the beach last weekend.
• I was not late for school this morning.
• I wasn't late for school this morning.

56. PRACTICE:

57. UNIT 11
Michael Morales
2025
GRAMMAR 10

58. DEFINITION:
A simple past Wh-question is a
question in the past tense that
begins with a "wh" word, such
as "what", "when", or "who".
To form a simple past Wh-
question, you can use the
auxiliary verb "did" or "didn't".
Simple past Wh-questions

59. Rules
:
1.Start with a wh-word, such as "what",
"when", "where", "why", "who", "how",
"how many", or "how much"
2.Add "did" or "didn't" for a negative
question
3.Add the subject, which is the person or
thing that does the action
4.Add the base form of the verb
5.Add the rest of the sentence

60. GRAMMAR STRUCTURE:

61. EXAMPLES:
• "When did you buy that sweater?"
• "Why did the computer break down?"
• "How long did the train journey take?"
• "Why didn't you tell me about the accident?"
• "Who was your best teacher in secondary
school?"
• "When was J?"
• "What was Marilyn Monroe's real name?"
• "Where were my keys?"

62. PRACTICE:

63. UNIT 12
Michael Morales
2025
GRAMMAR 11

64. DEFINITION:
Yes/no questions using
"be going to" are used to
ask about future plans or
intentions. The answer to
these questions is either
"yes" or "no".
Be going to yes/no questions

65. Rules
:
• How to form yes/no questions with
"be going to":
1.Start with "am", "is", or "are"
2.Choose a subject
3.Add "going to"
4.Add the base form of the verb
5.End with a question mark

66. GRAMMAR STRUCTURE -
EXAMPLES
To form a yes/no question using "be
going to", you can use the following
structure:
• BE + subject + going to + base verb:
For example, "Are you going to work
tomorrow?"
• Short answers: Use "BE + subject" to
answer the question. For example,
"Yes, I am" or "No, I'm not"

67. PRACTICE:

68. UNIT 12
Michael Morales
2025
GRAMMAR 12

69. DEFINITION:
An object pronoun is a
pronoun that receives the
action of a verb or
preposition in a sentence.
It's also known as an
objective pronoun.
Object pronouns

70. Rules
:
1.Los pronombres de objeto se utilizan después de los
erbos o preposiciones para recibir la acción en una
oración.
2. Pronombres de objeto como objetos directos
Los pronombres de objeto reemplazan un sustantivo que
recibe la acción del verbo.
✅ Ejemplos:
• La amo . (ella = María)
• Nos vieron en el centro comercial. (nosotros = mi
amigo y yo)
• Ella lo invitó a la fiesta. (él = Juan)

71. GRAMMAR STRUCTURE AND
EXAMPLES

72. PRACTICE:

73. ¡GRACIAS!
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