Heterosis breeding
Heterosis or hybrid vigour or outbreeding enhancement
Types of heterosis
Genetic basis of heterosis
HYBRIDS
Development of inbreds
Combining ability
Types of hybrids
Single cross hybrid
Double cross hybrid
Triple cross hybrid
Top cross hybrid
Heterosis breeding
Heterosis or hybrid vigour or outbreeding enhancement
Types of heterosis
Genetic basis of heterosis
HYBRIDS
Development of inbreds
Combining ability
Types of hybrids
Single cross hybrid
Double cross hybrid
Triple cross hybrid
Top cross hybrid
Heterosis may be defined as the superiority of an F1 hybrid over both its parents in terms of yield, size, quality or some other characters.
Inbreeding depression – loss of vigour due to continuos selfing is known as inbreeding depression
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Heterosis may be defined as the superiority of an F1 hybrid over both its parents in terms of yield, size, quality or some other characters.
Inbreeding depression – loss of vigour due to continuos selfing is known as inbreeding depression
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This ppt include the different breeding method involved in potato and different objective for potato breeding. It also include the modern breeding method involved in potato breeding .
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2. i. Introduction of population structure
ii. Popuation structure of self ollinated crops
iii. Population structure of cross pollinated
crops
iv. Population structure of vehetatively
propagated plants
v. Population structure of syntetic and
composite variety
vi. Breeding populations
3. INTRODUCTION
Population refers to group of breeding individaual
Population structure refers to the gene carried by population and which it
transfer to its next generation. Also called as genetic constiution of
population
Genetic constiution of population is determined by the mode of pollination
Self polination leads to homozygosity while cross pollination leads to
heterozygosity
Geneti coposition of diferent crops are presented below
4. Genetic composition of :
1. Rice
It may be AABBccDDee, aabbCCddEE,
Sister-lines
Homozygous and homogenous
5. Purelines varieties
Pure line variety is variety obtained from single
homozygous plant of self pollinated crop.
It have genetic composition like AABBccDDee and
aabbCCddEE
Highly homozygous and homogenous
Multiline varieties
Mxiture of genetically related lines i.e. pure lines but
have different gene for disease resistance
These are genetically similar for all character like planr
height , day to maturity etc
For example, AABBccDDeeR1R1 and AABBccDDeeR2R2
These are homozygous and heterogenous
6. Normal maize
Highly heterozygous and heterogenous
Genentic compositio is AaBbCcDdEe ,PpRrTtSs
This composotion is for normal maize
Local land races of maize
Mostly Heterozygous but some time become homozygous for
certain gene
Genetic composition: AaBbCCDdEe, AaBbccDdEe
7. Hybrid maize
Obtained through crosssing between
genetically different parents.
So these are highly heterozygous and f1 is
homogenous
The genetic composition is AaBbCcDd
8. Such plants are genetically identical and are
heterozygous and homogenous in nature.
All progeny botained thruogh this method must
have identical geontype as there is no chance of
recombination and hybridization
Genetic composition of such plant are AaBbCcDd
9. Clone is progeny of single plant,
produced by assexual reproduction
The members of clones keeps the
genetic constsncy
Highly heterozygous and homogenous
The genetic composition is AaBbCcDdEe,
10. Variety which is developed by crossing in all
possible combination number of inbred lines
that combine well with each other .
Synthetic variety consists of several
heterozygous initially. Since the
subsequentially the variety is maintaiend by
open pollination some degrrre of selfing
occurs resulting in fixation of some genes
11. As result in later generation synthetic variety
consists of several heterozygotes .
Thus a senthetic variety has a heterogenous
population The genetic composition is
AaBbCcDEe
12. Produced by mixing seed of several
phenotypically outstanding lines possessing
similarities for various characteristics like height
seed size, maturity days etc.
Characteristics
1. Heterozygous and heterogenous
2. Relevant to crosss pollinated species only
3. Large number of parents invoved as compare to
synthetic variety
4. Show more heterosis than synthetic variety
14. SYNTHETIC VARIETY COMPOSITE VARIETY
Otaine by crossing in all
combination of number of lines that
combine well with each other
Obtaied mixing the seeds of
several phenotypically outstanding
lines it and encouraging open
pollination to produce crosses in all
combination among the lines
4-10 numbers of parents are
involved.
Many numbers of parents involved.
It is tested for GCA. Not tested for GCA
It shows less heterosis than hybrid It shows more heterosis than
synthetic.
15. Based on the genetic composition breeding
population are as follows:
1. Homogenous population
Genetically similar plants constitute homogenous
populations.
Examples of homogeneous populations are pure
lines, inbred lines, F1 hybrid between two pure line
or inbred lines and progeny of a clone.
Pure lines and inbred lines generally have narrow
adoption.
16. 2. Heterogenous population
Genetically dissimilar plants constitute
heterogenous populations.
Examples are land races, mass selected
populations, composites, synthetics
and multilines.
Heterogenous populations have wide
adaptability and stable performance
under different environments.
17. 3. Homozygous population
Individuals with like alleles at the corresponding loci are
know as homozygous
Thus non-segregating genotypes constitute homozygous
populations. Examples are pure lines, inbred lines and
mass selected populations in self pollinated plants.
Thus pure lines and inbred lines are homozygous and
homogeneous
And mass selected varieties of self pollinated crops and
multi lines are homozygous and heterogenous, because
they are mixtures of several pure lines
18. 4.Heterozygous population
Individuals with unlike alleles at the
corresponding loci are referred to as
heterozygous
Such individuals segregate into various types on
selfing
This includes F1 hybrids, composites and
synthetics
Thus F1 hybrids are heterozygous but
homogeneous and composites and synthetics are
heterozygous and heterogenous population
