The systems approach views an organization as a system with interdependent parts that function as a whole. A system has inputs, a transformation process, outputs, feedback, and an environment. Planning is an important management function that involves setting objectives and determining courses of action to achieve goals. There are different types of plans including strategic plans for long-term objectives, operational plans for short-term goals, and policies, procedures, programs, and budgets to guide actions. Planning helps reduce risks, promotes coordination, and establishes standards for control.

1. Principles of ManagementPlanning

2. SYSTEMS APPROACH

3. Systems Approach to ManagementThe Systems approach is based on the concept that an organization is a system.

4. A system is defined as a number of interdependent parts functioning as a whole for some purpose.

5. A system has 5 components:inputs, a transformation process, outputs, feedback, and the environment.ENVIRONMENTTransformation processInputOutputFeedback (Reenergizing the system)System BoundarySystems Approach to ManagementOrganization as a System receives Input, transforms it through a Process for Output and Operates in an Environment (economic, regulatory, competitive, other forces)

6. Systems Approach to ManagementSystems ConceptsSystem Boundariesand Subsystems

7. Systems consist of numerous subsystems.

8. Each subsystem has elements, interactions with other subsystems, and objectives.

9. Subsystems perform specialized tasks for the overall system.Systems and Sub-systemsSystem 2 ApplePCs

10. Laptops

11. I-phones

12. I-pods

13. System 3 FMCGNorth

14. South

15. East

16. WestSystem 1 CollegeFinanceOpsHRMktgSub-systems

17. Systems Approach to ManagementInputs and Outputs Outputs are a result of changed inputs

18. Outputs of one subsystem become inputs to another subsystem.

19. Outputs must adhere to standards to be useful or acceptable to the next subsystem.EnvironmentEnvironment consists of people, organizations and other systems that supply data to or that receive data from the system

20. Managers at different levels perceive ‘Environment’ differentlySystems Approach to Management“Inputs”: 5 Ms of ManagementInputs(resources managers deal with):

21. Man: human resources, both inside and outside

22. Materials: raw material, goods (hard & software, processed or semi-finished) and services required to create the sellable end product

23. Machines: technology and expertise deployed towards the transformation process

24. Methods: systems, procedures and processes seamlessly put together for the transformation;