polymerasechainreactionpcr.ppt
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a method to amplify a specific segment of DNA using primers and DNA polymerase. It involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling DNA to denature and renature it around the primers, allowing the polymerase to synthesize new strands. This amplification process produces millions of copies of the target DNA segment. The amplified DNA can then be analyzed by gel electrophoresis to identify the DNA of interest based on its molecular weight.
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2013 polymerase chain-reaction-shakira sulehri
The document discusses polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It describes PCR as a technique that amplifies specific DNA sequences using DNA polymerase. The key components of a PCR reaction are a template DNA, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer. Through repeated heating and cooling cycles, the target DNA is amplified exponentially. The document outlines the three phases of PCR - exponential, linear, and plateau. It also discusses various types of PCR like real-time PCR, nested PCR, and their applications in fields like genetics, forensics, and disease diagnosis.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).pdf
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA. It involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample in the presence of primers, DNA polymerase, and nucleotides. This enables millions of copies of the target DNA segment to be generated from a single or few DNA molecules. Key steps include DNA extraction, use of primers and DNA polymerase to enable selective replication of the target segment, and gel electrophoresis to analyze the amplified DNA fragments by size.
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
DNA amplification techniques include in vivo cloning and in vitro PCR. PCR was independently proposed in the 1970s and 1980s and allows selective amplification of DNA segments using a thermostable DNA polymerase. Key components of PCR include a template DNA, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and magnesium. During cycling, the DNA is denatured, primers anneal, and the polymerase extends the DNA. PCR has revolutionized molecular biology due to its ability to rapidly amplify specific DNA regions.
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)
This slideshow contains information about polymerase chain reaction with their steps requirements stages and advantages...
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Introduction, Evolution of PCR, Principle, Instrumentation, Reagents, Primer Designing, DNA polymerase, Components of PCR, PCR Types, Applications
PCR and its types
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. It involves cycling between heating and cooling steps to denature and replicate DNA. The process results in exponential amplification of the target sequence. PCR requires a DNA template, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer solutions. It goes through initialization, denaturation, annealing, and elongation steps in each cycle. PCR has many applications in medicine, research, forensics, and more.
PCR
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. It involves cycling between heating and cooling steps to denature and replicate DNA. The reaction requires DNA template, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer. During each cycle, the DNA denatures, primers anneal, and the polymerase extends the DNA. This exponential amplification allows millions of copies of the target sequence to be generated from a small initial sample. PCR has many applications in medicine, research, and forensics.
PCR Methods and applications
The document provides information on PCR methods and thermostable DNA polymerases. It discusses the history of PCR and how it was developed. It then explains the basic steps of PCR including denaturation, annealing and extension. It also discusses factors that influence optimal PCR such as primers, DNA polymerase, annealing temperature and melting temperature. Finally, it outlines several variations of PCR including inverse PCR, ligation-mediated PCR, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification PCR along with their applications.
Recommended
2013 polymerase chain-reaction-shakira sulehri
The document discusses polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It describes PCR as a technique that amplifies specific DNA sequences using DNA polymerase. The key components of a PCR reaction are a template DNA, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer. Through repeated heating and cooling cycles, the target DNA is amplified exponentially. The document outlines the three phases of PCR - exponential, linear, and plateau. It also discusses various types of PCR like real-time PCR, nested PCR, and their applications in fields like genetics, forensics, and disease diagnosis.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).pdf
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA. It involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample in the presence of primers, DNA polymerase, and nucleotides. This enables millions of copies of the target DNA segment to be generated from a single or few DNA molecules. Key steps include DNA extraction, use of primers and DNA polymerase to enable selective replication of the target segment, and gel electrophoresis to analyze the amplified DNA fragments by size.
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
DNA amplification techniques include in vivo cloning and in vitro PCR. PCR was independently proposed in the 1970s and 1980s and allows selective amplification of DNA segments using a thermostable DNA polymerase. Key components of PCR include a template DNA, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and magnesium. During cycling, the DNA is denatured, primers anneal, and the polymerase extends the DNA. PCR has revolutionized molecular biology due to its ability to rapidly amplify specific DNA regions.
POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)
This slideshow contains information about polymerase chain reaction with their steps requirements stages and advantages...
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Introduction, Evolution of PCR, Principle, Instrumentation, Reagents, Primer Designing, DNA polymerase, Components of PCR, PCR Types, Applications
PCR and its types
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. It involves cycling between heating and cooling steps to denature and replicate DNA. The process results in exponential amplification of the target sequence. PCR requires a DNA template, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer solutions. It goes through initialization, denaturation, annealing, and elongation steps in each cycle. PCR has many applications in medicine, research, forensics, and more.
PCR
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. It involves cycling between heating and cooling steps to denature and replicate DNA. The reaction requires DNA template, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer. During each cycle, the DNA denatures, primers anneal, and the polymerase extends the DNA. This exponential amplification allows millions of copies of the target sequence to be generated from a small initial sample. PCR has many applications in medicine, research, and forensics.
PCR Methods and applications
The document provides information on PCR methods and thermostable DNA polymerases. It discusses the history of PCR and how it was developed. It then explains the basic steps of PCR including denaturation, annealing and extension. It also discusses factors that influence optimal PCR such as primers, DNA polymerase, annealing temperature and melting temperature. Finally, it outlines several variations of PCR including inverse PCR, ligation-mediated PCR, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification PCR along with their applications.
Pcr
1. The document describes a laboratory exercise using PCR and RFLP to differentiate between virus subspecies. Students will first amplify unknown DNA samples using PCR, then digest the PCR fragments with restriction enzymes to generate DNA fingerprints for each sample.
2. PCR is used to amplify DNA copies through thermal cycling and DNA polymerase. Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, generating differently sized fragments that produce unique RFLP patterns.
3. After restriction digestion, gel electrophoresis will separate the DNA fragments by size, producing a banding pattern that acts as a DNA fingerprint to identify each virus subspecies.
Polymerase chain reaction
description of polymerase chain reaction and its principle and mechanism and requirements and applications and different types of pcr
PCR 05.04.2022.pptx
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. It involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample in the presence of DNA polymerase, primers, and nucleotides. Each cycle doubles the amount of target DNA. After 20-30 cycles, there can be over a billion copies of the original DNA sequence. PCR is used for a variety of applications including disease diagnosis, cloning genes, forensic analysis, and more. It is a powerful technique that has revolutionized molecular biology.
Amplification of gene using PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a single copy of a DNA segment into millions of copies. PCR uses repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample to denature and separate the double-stranded DNA, followed by annealing of primers and extension of the DNA strands by a DNA polymerase. This allows the targeted DNA segment to be exponentially amplified. A basic PCR setup requires DNA template, primers, dNTPs, buffer solution, bivalent cations such as magnesium, and a thermostable DNA polymerase like Taq polymerase. PCR has applications in cloning genes, detecting genetic mutations and microorganisms, and genetic fingerprinting.
Gene cloning and polymerase chain reaction
In these you are able to know about the gene cloning basic steps and Polymerase chain reaction process also there is an brief description about the ideal property shown by vectors which are lambda and M13 phases and there are lots of things in these slides
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and Extraction of DNA from fungal plant patho...
PCR, Polymerase chain reaction, types of PCR, Template DNA, DNA polymerase, Primers, Nucleotides (DNTPs or deoxynucleotide triphosphates ), Denaturation, Annealing, Extension, Types of PCR, Multiplex PCR.
Long-range PCR.
Single-cell PCR.
Fast-cycling PCR.
Methylation-specific PCR (MSP)
Hot start PCR
High-fidelity PCR.
RAPD: Rapid amplified polymorphic DNA analysis.
Detection of fungal plant pathogen using PCR, Extraction of DNA from plant tissues,PCR amplification and detection of diagnostic amplicon
Pcr
Gene amplification through PCR can amplify specific DNA sequences in vitro. It involves repeating cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample to denature and renature it in the presence of DNA polymerase and primers. PCR is used for a variety of applications including cloning genes, detecting infections, and diagnosing genetic disorders. Some challenges with PCR include errors from the polymerase enzyme and non-specific priming of primers to non-target DNA sequences.
Technique of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) experimental biotechnology
Technique of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) experimental biotechnologySt.Xavier's College , Palayamkottai - 627 002
A biochemical technique used in Molecular Biology to amplify a specific fragment of target DNA.
PCR is used in medical and biological research, including cloning, genetic analysis, genetic fingerprinting, diagnostics, pathogen detection and genetic fingerprinting
PCR and its types
The document discusses the history and development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. It describes how Kary Mullis invented PCR in 1985 and was awarded the Nobel Prize for it. It then explains the basic steps of PCR including denaturation, annealing of primers, and extension. Finally, it discusses several variations and applications of PCR including real-time PCR, asymmetric PCR, and comparisons to cloning techniques.
Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) Likhith K
The advent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) radically transformed biological science from the time it was first discovered (Mullis, 1990). For the first time, it allowed for specific detection and production of large amounts of DNA. PCR-based strategies have propelled huge scientific endeavors such as the Human Genome Project. The technique is currently widely used by clinicians and researchers to diagnose diseases, clone and sequence genes, and carry out sophisticated quantitative and genomic studies in a rapid and very sensitive manner. One of the most important medical applications of the classical PCR method is the detection of pathogens. In addition, the PCR assay is used in forensic medicine to identify criminals. Because of its widespread use, it is important to understand the basic principles of PCR and how its use can be modified to provide for sophisticated analysis of genes and the genome
PCR .pptx
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific fragment of DNA without using living organisms. It works by cycling between high and low temperatures to denature the DNA strands, allow primers to anneal, and extend the DNA. This process rapidly increases the number of copies of the target DNA fragment. PCR requires DNA polymerase, primers, DNA template, dNTPs, buffer solution, and cations, and is commonly used in medical research for gene sequencing, disease diagnosis, and forensic analysis.
Pcr
PCR was invented in 1983 by Kary Mullis and revolutionized molecular biology. It allows for the exponential amplification of specific DNA regions using thermal cycling and two primers. Key developments included the use of Taq polymerase, automation using thermal cyclers, and optimization of components and cycling conditions. Variations like nested PCR, hot start PCR, and RT-PCR expanded PCR applications. PCR provides a powerful and sensitive technique for detecting and analyzing DNA and RNA.
PCR technology
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a technique used to amplify a specific sequence of DNA. It involves cycling between heating and cooling steps to denature and copy the DNA. During each cycle, the amount of target DNA doubles, allowing millions of copies to be produced in a few hours. It uses primers that are complementary to the target sequence and a thermostable DNA polymerase to copy the target. The basic steps involve denaturing the DNA, annealing the primers, and extending the primers to copy the target. Nested PCR and other variations allow amplification of rare sequences or detection of gene expression.
polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)
It is called “polymerase” because the only enzyme used in this reaction is DNA polymerase.
It is called “chain” because the products of the first reaction become substrates of the following one, and so on.
Taq purification
This document summarizes a study that developed a simplified method for purifying the Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA polymerase expressed in Escherichia coli. Key steps included:
1) Overproducing the Taq DNA polymerase in E. coli by cloning the Taq gene into an expression vector and inducing high-level expression.
2) Lysing the E. coli cells and heat-treating the lysate to inactivate endogenous nucleases.
3) Precipitating the Taq polymerase from the lysate using polyethyleneimine and eluting it from an ion exchange resin.
4) Obtaining a purified Taq polymerase preparation in a single-day procedure yielding 40-60 mg of
Polymerase Chain Reaction Report
I had done a two week internship in May 2014 at a laboratory in Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. The report summarises my work and my learning during the two week period. I have also included in my report the DNA sequence of a patient that I had analysed to check for mutations.
Pcr & gel
This document provides information about polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis. It begins with an introduction to PCR, covering its history, basic procedure, requirements, applications and limitations. PCR is described as a technique for amplifying specific DNA sequences. The document then provides details on gel electrophoresis, including its use for analyzing amplified DNA from PCR. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size when an electric current is applied through an agarose gel. Specific applications of both PCR and gel electrophoresis are given.
PCR types.pdf
The document discusses polymerase chain reaction (PCR), its history, the basic steps and components involved. PCR is a technique used to amplify a specific region of DNA through repeated cycles of heating and cooling. It allows for exponential amplification of DNA, enabling small amounts of genetic material to be analyzed. The document outlines the key aspects of setting up a PCR reaction and factors important for optimal results such as primer design, annealing temperature and polymerase used. Several types of PCR are also described briefly, including real-time PCR, asymmetric PCR and nested PCR.
Pcr and its types
The document discusses various types of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. It begins by explaining what PCR is and how it works to exponentially amplify DNA sequences. It then covers the history of PCR's invention and describes the basic components and steps of a PCR reaction. The document proceeds to discuss different PCR techniques like real-time PCR, asymmetric PCR, colony PCR, and nested PCR. It concludes by noting some applications and limitations of PCR.
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Pcr
1. The document describes a laboratory exercise using PCR and RFLP to differentiate between virus subspecies. Students will first amplify unknown DNA samples using PCR, then digest the PCR fragments with restriction enzymes to generate DNA fingerprints for each sample.
2. PCR is used to amplify DNA copies through thermal cycling and DNA polymerase. Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, generating differently sized fragments that produce unique RFLP patterns.
3. After restriction digestion, gel electrophoresis will separate the DNA fragments by size, producing a banding pattern that acts as a DNA fingerprint to identify each virus subspecies.
Polymerase chain reaction
description of polymerase chain reaction and its principle and mechanism and requirements and applications and different types of pcr
PCR 05.04.2022.pptx
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. It involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample in the presence of DNA polymerase, primers, and nucleotides. Each cycle doubles the amount of target DNA. After 20-30 cycles, there can be over a billion copies of the original DNA sequence. PCR is used for a variety of applications including disease diagnosis, cloning genes, forensic analysis, and more. It is a powerful technique that has revolutionized molecular biology.
Amplification of gene using PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a single copy of a DNA segment into millions of copies. PCR uses repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample to denature and separate the double-stranded DNA, followed by annealing of primers and extension of the DNA strands by a DNA polymerase. This allows the targeted DNA segment to be exponentially amplified. A basic PCR setup requires DNA template, primers, dNTPs, buffer solution, bivalent cations such as magnesium, and a thermostable DNA polymerase like Taq polymerase. PCR has applications in cloning genes, detecting genetic mutations and microorganisms, and genetic fingerprinting.
Gene cloning and polymerase chain reaction
In these you are able to know about the gene cloning basic steps and Polymerase chain reaction process also there is an brief description about the ideal property shown by vectors which are lambda and M13 phases and there are lots of things in these slides
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and Extraction of DNA from fungal plant patho...
PCR, Polymerase chain reaction, types of PCR, Template DNA, DNA polymerase, Primers, Nucleotides (DNTPs or deoxynucleotide triphosphates ), Denaturation, Annealing, Extension, Types of PCR, Multiplex PCR.
Long-range PCR.
Single-cell PCR.
Fast-cycling PCR.
Methylation-specific PCR (MSP)
Hot start PCR
High-fidelity PCR.
RAPD: Rapid amplified polymorphic DNA analysis.
Detection of fungal plant pathogen using PCR, Extraction of DNA from plant tissues,PCR amplification and detection of diagnostic amplicon
Pcr
Gene amplification through PCR can amplify specific DNA sequences in vitro. It involves repeating cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample to denature and renature it in the presence of DNA polymerase and primers. PCR is used for a variety of applications including cloning genes, detecting infections, and diagnosing genetic disorders. Some challenges with PCR include errors from the polymerase enzyme and non-specific priming of primers to non-target DNA sequences.
Technique of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) experimental biotechnology
Technique of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) experimental biotechnologySt.Xavier's College , Palayamkottai - 627 002
A biochemical technique used in Molecular Biology to amplify a specific fragment of target DNA.
PCR is used in medical and biological research, including cloning, genetic analysis, genetic fingerprinting, diagnostics, pathogen detection and genetic fingerprinting
PCR and its types
The document discusses the history and development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. It describes how Kary Mullis invented PCR in 1985 and was awarded the Nobel Prize for it. It then explains the basic steps of PCR including denaturation, annealing of primers, and extension. Finally, it discusses several variations and applications of PCR including real-time PCR, asymmetric PCR, and comparisons to cloning techniques.
Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) Likhith K
The advent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) radically transformed biological science from the time it was first discovered (Mullis, 1990). For the first time, it allowed for specific detection and production of large amounts of DNA. PCR-based strategies have propelled huge scientific endeavors such as the Human Genome Project. The technique is currently widely used by clinicians and researchers to diagnose diseases, clone and sequence genes, and carry out sophisticated quantitative and genomic studies in a rapid and very sensitive manner. One of the most important medical applications of the classical PCR method is the detection of pathogens. In addition, the PCR assay is used in forensic medicine to identify criminals. Because of its widespread use, it is important to understand the basic principles of PCR and how its use can be modified to provide for sophisticated analysis of genes and the genome
PCR .pptx
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific fragment of DNA without using living organisms. It works by cycling between high and low temperatures to denature the DNA strands, allow primers to anneal, and extend the DNA. This process rapidly increases the number of copies of the target DNA fragment. PCR requires DNA polymerase, primers, DNA template, dNTPs, buffer solution, and cations, and is commonly used in medical research for gene sequencing, disease diagnosis, and forensic analysis.
Pcr
PCR was invented in 1983 by Kary Mullis and revolutionized molecular biology. It allows for the exponential amplification of specific DNA regions using thermal cycling and two primers. Key developments included the use of Taq polymerase, automation using thermal cyclers, and optimization of components and cycling conditions. Variations like nested PCR, hot start PCR, and RT-PCR expanded PCR applications. PCR provides a powerful and sensitive technique for detecting and analyzing DNA and RNA.
PCR technology
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a technique used to amplify a specific sequence of DNA. It involves cycling between heating and cooling steps to denature and copy the DNA. During each cycle, the amount of target DNA doubles, allowing millions of copies to be produced in a few hours. It uses primers that are complementary to the target sequence and a thermostable DNA polymerase to copy the target. The basic steps involve denaturing the DNA, annealing the primers, and extending the primers to copy the target. Nested PCR and other variations allow amplification of rare sequences or detection of gene expression.
polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)
It is called “polymerase” because the only enzyme used in this reaction is DNA polymerase.
It is called “chain” because the products of the first reaction become substrates of the following one, and so on.
Taq purification
This document summarizes a study that developed a simplified method for purifying the Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA polymerase expressed in Escherichia coli. Key steps included:
1) Overproducing the Taq DNA polymerase in E. coli by cloning the Taq gene into an expression vector and inducing high-level expression.
2) Lysing the E. coli cells and heat-treating the lysate to inactivate endogenous nucleases.
3) Precipitating the Taq polymerase from the lysate using polyethyleneimine and eluting it from an ion exchange resin.
4) Obtaining a purified Taq polymerase preparation in a single-day procedure yielding 40-60 mg of
Polymerase Chain Reaction Report
I had done a two week internship in May 2014 at a laboratory in Strand Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd. The report summarises my work and my learning during the two week period. I have also included in my report the DNA sequence of a patient that I had analysed to check for mutations.
Pcr & gel
This document provides information about polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis. It begins with an introduction to PCR, covering its history, basic procedure, requirements, applications and limitations. PCR is described as a technique for amplifying specific DNA sequences. The document then provides details on gel electrophoresis, including its use for analyzing amplified DNA from PCR. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments by size when an electric current is applied through an agarose gel. Specific applications of both PCR and gel electrophoresis are given.
PCR types.pdf
The document discusses polymerase chain reaction (PCR), its history, the basic steps and components involved. PCR is a technique used to amplify a specific region of DNA through repeated cycles of heating and cooling. It allows for exponential amplification of DNA, enabling small amounts of genetic material to be analyzed. The document outlines the key aspects of setting up a PCR reaction and factors important for optimal results such as primer design, annealing temperature and polymerase used. Several types of PCR are also described briefly, including real-time PCR, asymmetric PCR and nested PCR.
Pcr and its types
The document discusses various types of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. It begins by explaining what PCR is and how it works to exponentially amplify DNA sequences. It then covers the history of PCR's invention and describes the basic components and steps of a PCR reaction. The document proceeds to discuss different PCR techniques like real-time PCR, asymmetric PCR, colony PCR, and nested PCR. It concludes by noting some applications and limitations of PCR.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
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-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
Educational Technology in the Health Sciences
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polymerasechainreactionpcr.ppt
- 2. 1. Reaction of DNA replication in vitro. 2. To identify DNA genom by means of amplifying DNA segment (part of the genom) using specific primer compatible to DNA of interest. 3. To synthesize DNA mediated by primer extention in repeat cycles.
- 3. Basic Principle : - Apply pair of primers complementary to 3’ end of DNA segment & allow DNA polymerase to extend the primers through the addition of dNTPs DNA synthesis proceeds across the region between the two primers. - Repeat the reaction several times (cycles) to obtain sufficient amplified DNA.
- 5. Methods - Prepare reaction mixture in PCR tube : 10 x reaction buffer 5 ul dNTPs (12.5 mM) 1 ul upstream primer 10 pmol/ml 1 ul downstream primer 10 pmol/ml 1 ul Taq DNA polymerase 0.5 ul sterile destilled water 39.5 ul ______ total reaction mixture 50 ul
- 7. - Design program for specific amplification in thermal cycler (PCR machine). Ex. PCR program for FSH receptor gene (35 cycles) 1st denaturation 94 C for 4 minutes cycle denaturation 94 C for 45 seconds primer annealing 55 C for 45 seconds primer extension 75 C for 1.5 minutes the last cycle is extended 72 C for 5 minutes - Load PCR mixture on thermal cycler and incubate in design program condition as above. - Remove PCR mixture & analyzed the results by gel electrophoresis.
- 11. Basic principles - Separation of molecule mixtures based on the different of their charge, melecular weight (size) & shape. - DNA is negatively charge move from cathode to anode pole in electric field. - The movement is proportional to their molecular weight
- 12. Equipments : electrophoretic chamber electrophoretic tray power supply Method - Prepare 0.8% agarose in 1 x TAE (Tris acetic acid EDTA) buffer melt it by boilling to 100 C for a minute. - Poor the gel to electrophoretic tray that have been prepared with comb to create wells on one side end of the gel. - Allow the gel to solidify in room temperature.
- 13. Elektroforesis
- 14. - Put the gel in electrophoretic chamber filled with 1 x TAE buffer the gel is soaked (covered) in buffer. - Mix DNA samples with tracking dye (bromophenol blue + xylene xianol) & load to the well by pippetting gently. - Connect the chamber to power supply & set the voltage at 90 V for an hour. - Remove the gel & stained with ethidium bromide DNA seperation is examined under UV transilluminator - Take the picture using polaroid camera.