This document provides an overview of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including its prevalence, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. PCOS is the most common hormonal and reproductive problem affecting women of child-bearing age. It is caused by unknown factors that result in high insulin and androgen levels and affect genetics related to insulin receptors. Signs and symptoms include irregular periods, acne, excess hair growth, and obesity. Diagnosis involves evaluating clinical features and test results to exclude other conditions. Treatment focuses on decreasing insulin and androgen levels and inducing ovulation.