This document discusses new trends in the management of metastatic prostate cancer. It begins with an overview of the clinical states of prostate cancer progression. It then presents a case study of an 85-year-old man with extensive bone metastases from prostate cancer who experienced a significant response to docetaxel chemotherapy. The document reviews several major clinical trials that established the role of docetaxel chemotherapy for newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer. It discusses factors like disease volume and age that influence decisions about chemotherapy. The role of androgen-targeted therapies like abiraterone and enzalutamide both before and after chemotherapy is examined. Limitations in the effectiveness of these therapies are presented. The potential for biomarkers like AR-V7 to
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are the most active and interesting therapies approved for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. They have changed the clinical management of a disease characterized, in almost half of cases, by extreme genetic complexity and alteration of DNA damage repair pathways, particularly homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. It is causing a paradigm shift in the first-line treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer
Optimizing Therapeutic Strategies in Castration-Resistant Prostate Canceri3 Health
This activity will discuss emerging efficacy and safety data on novel therapies for nmCRPC and mCRPC, strategies to manage adverse events, and the role of imaging studies and PSA testing in evaluating treatment response.
Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are the most active and interesting therapies approved for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. They have changed the clinical management of a disease characterized, in almost half of cases, by extreme genetic complexity and alteration of DNA damage repair pathways, particularly homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. It is causing a paradigm shift in the first-line treatment of patients with advanced ovarian cancer
Optimizing Therapeutic Strategies in Castration-Resistant Prostate Canceri3 Health
This activity will discuss emerging efficacy and safety data on novel therapies for nmCRPC and mCRPC, strategies to manage adverse events, and the role of imaging studies and PSA testing in evaluating treatment response.
Changing landscape in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer Alok Gupta
This presentation describes how the treatment of stage 4 prostate cancer has improved over last 100 years. This was presented at URO ONCOLOGY UPDATE meeting of Delhi Urological Society on 18th March 2017
Dr. Manuel Hidalgo - Simposio Internacional ' Terapias oncológicas avanzadas'Fundación Ramón Areces
Los días 15 y 16 de octubre de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces y la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia, en colaboración con la Fundación de la Innovación Bankinter, reunieron en Madrid a algunos de los mayores expertos mundiales en nuevas terapias contra el cáncer. El Simposio Internacional, coordinado por la profesora y académica María José Alonso, analizó el momento actual de la lucha contra esta enfermedad. También fue un punto de encuentro para científicos de los más innovadores institutos de investigación en oncología, quienes debatieron sobre tres grandes temas: la Medicina Personalizada contra el cáncer, los nanomedicamentos en la terapia del cáncer y las terapias basadas en la inmunomodulación.
Immunotherapy for Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancerbkling
Sylvia Adams, MD, medical oncologist, and associate professor at the NYU School of Medicine, discusses the latest research including the role of immunology in the treatment of triple negative metastatic breast cancer. This webinar was hosted on October 19, 2016.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
New Trends in the Management of Metastatic Prostate Cancer
1. William K. Oh, M.D.
Chief, Hematology/Medical Oncology
Tisch Cancer Institute
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York, NY
New Trends in the
Management of Metastatic
Prostate Cancer
2. Clinical States of Prostate Cancer
Clinically
localized
“Rising PSA”
state
Non-metastatic,
hormone-
sensitive
Metastatic,
hormone-sensitive
Non-metastatic
CRPC
Metastatic
CRPC
10-15 years +
Death from other causes
Death from prostate cancer
3. Clinical States of Prostate Cancer
Clinically
localized
“Rising PSA”
state
Non-metastatic,
hormone-
sensitive
Metastatic,
hormone-sensitive
Non-metastatic
CRPC
Metastatic
CRPC
10-15 years +
Death from other causes
Death from prostate cancer
4. Patient Case
● 85 yo practicing lawyer with hypertension,
plays tennis
● 15 lb weight loss, decreased energy, LUTS
● PSA 1146 ng/ml
● Bone scan with extensive mets
● Starts ADT, PSA drops after 6 weeks to 203
ng/ml and pain improves
Should he receive chemotherapy?
5. Patient Case
● He completes 6 cycles of docetaxel
● Tolerates well
– Fatigue, but works every day
– Mild LE edema
● PSA down to 0.10
● Repeat bone scan shows significant
improvement in bone lesions
● Working, traveling, has started hitting tennis
balls again
6. What Is The Role Of Chemotherapy
For Newly Diagnosed Metastatic
Prostate Cancer?
7. E3805 – CHAARTED Treatment
STRATIFICATION
Extent of Mets
-High vs Low
Age
≥70 vs < 70yo
ECOG PS
- 0-1 vs 2
CAB> 30 days
-Yes vs No
SRE Prevention
-Yes vs No
Prior Adjuvant ADT
≤12 vs > 12 months
R
A
N
D
O
M
I
Z
E
ARM A:
ADT + Docetaxel
75mg/m2 every 21
days for maximum
6 cycles
ARM B:
ADT (androgen
deprivation therapy
alone)
Evaluate
every 3 weeks
while
receiving
docetaxel and
at week 24
then every 12
weeks
Evaluate
every 12
weeks
Follow for time
to progression
and overall
survival
Chemotherapy
at investigator’s
discretion at
progression
Presented by: Christopher J. Sweeney, MBBS
• ADT allowed up to 120 days prior to randomization.
• Intermittent ADT dosing was not allowed
• Standard dexamethasone premedication but no daily prednisone
8. Primary endpoint: Overall survival
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
O S (M onths)
0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84
A rm A LIV ED E A D M E D IA NT O T A L
A 397 101 296 57.6
Probability
HR=0.61 (0.47-0.80) p=0.0003
Median OS:
ADT + D: 57.6 months
ADT alone: 44.0 months
Presented by: Christopher J. Sweeney, MBBS
10. Docetaxel: Survival – M1 Patients
SOC 343 deaths
SOC+Doc 134 deaths
HR (95%CI) 0.73 (0.59, 0.89)
P-value 0.002
Non-PH p-value 0.23
Median OS (95% CI)
SOC 43m (24, 88m)
SOC+Doc 65m (27, NR)
Restricted mean OS time
SOC 49.3m
SOC+Doc 56.1m
Diff (95%CI) 6.8m (2.8, 11.0m)
11. How does disease volume,
symptoms, age factor into chemo
decision in mHSPC?
• Low vs high volume is a consideration
• Symptoms are a negative prognostic factor
and will push me more towards chemo
• Age has to be consideration
– No absolute upper limit for chemo tolerance
– Dose adjust or add G-CSF, as needed
12. Tolerability of ADT + Docetaxel
GETUG 15 CHAARTED STAMPEDE
Patients 385 790 2962
Febrile neutropenia,
grade ≥3
7.5%* 6% 12%
* 4 deaths prior to addition of G-CSF
13. Lower PSA Nadir Strongly Predicts
Better Outcome With ADT
Hussain M, et al. J Clin Oncol, 2006;24(24):3984-3990
Docetaxel?
14. Conclusions: Docetaxel in mHSPC
• Docetaxel x 6 cycles is a new standard of
care for mHSPC
– No prednisone (but premed dex, as usual)
• All mHSPC patients should be offered
chemo
• Risk-benefit discussion: age, toxicity
15. Clinical States of Prostate Cancer
Clinically
localized
“Rising PSA”
state
Non-metastatic,
hormone-
sensitive
Metastatic,
hormone-sensitive
Non-metastatic
CRPC
Metastatic
CRPC
10-15 years +
Death from other causes
Death from prostate cancer
16. Recent Trials in mCRPC: OS
Therapy Prior Docetaxel Comparator
Hazard
Ratio
P value
Sipuleucel-T Mostly No Placebo 0.775 0.032
Docetaxel No Mitoxantrone 0.76 0.009
Cabazitaxel Yes Mitoxantrone 0.70 <0.0001
Abiraterone/
Prednisone
No Prednisone 0.81 0.0033
Yes Prednisone 0.646 <0.0001
Enzalutamide No Placebo 0.706 <0.001
Yes Placebo 0.631 <0.001
Radium-223 Mostly Yes Placebo 0.70 0.002
20. Androgen Signaling Remains a Key
Driver In CRPC
• AR is highly expressed on prostate
cancer cells and stimulates growth
• Over 90% of advanced prostate cancers
respond to ADT initially
• Even after progression to CRPC,
androgen signaling remains a critical
driver of cancer
21. Abiraterone and Enzalutamide:
Four Positive Studies!
PREVAIL
COU-AA-301
Co-Primary
Endpoints:
OS, rPFS
Primary
Endpoint:
OS
AFFIRM
COU-AA-302
mCRPC
Pre-chemotherapy
mCRPC
1st Line
Chemotherapy
mCRPC
Post-chemotherapy
24. Enzalutamide
• Oral investigational
drug rationally
designed to target AR
signaling, impacting
multiple steps in AR
signaling pathway.
• No demonstrated
agonist effects in pre-
clinical models.
Enzalutamide
1
T
AR
T
Cell nucleus
Inhibits Binding of
Androgens to AR
Inhibits Nuclear
Translocation of AR
Inhibits Association
Of AR with DNA
AR
Cell cytoplasm
Tran et al. Science 2009;324:787–90.
Charles Sawyers & Michael Jung
2
3
26. Targeting Androgen Signaling in CRPC
• Targeting androgen signaling is associated
with a significant survival benefit
• Use of abiraterone and enzalutamide is
effective both before or after chemotherapy
– In general, the default has become prechemo
• Toxicity is generally acceptable
– Abiraterone: LFTs, prednisone-related
– Enzalutamide: falls, fatigue, weakness
28. PSA Responses Diminish With
Second-Line AR Therapy
ENZA ABI ABI ENZA
First Line Second Line First Line Second Line
≥50% PSA
Decline
55-60% 4-8% 38-46% 13-29%
32. Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 and Efficacy of Taxane Chemotherapy in
Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Antonarakis, JAMA Oncol. ,2015
34. So What Is The Optimal Use Of
Chemotherapy for mCRPC?
35. First-Line Chemotherapy
• With ABI and ENZA available, are there
any patients who should receive cytotoxic
chemotherapy up front?
– Biomarkers (AR-V7+)
– Histologic subtypes
• Neuroendocrine differentiation
• Small cell carcinoma
– Clinical/predictive factors
• Rapid progression on primary ADT?
• Poor prognosis Halabi score?
37. • Next gen semi-synthetic taxane
• Preclinical data
– More cytotoxic in vitro than docetaxel in
multidrug-resistant gene 1–expressing tumors
– Active in tumor models resistant to docetaxel
• Phase I trial DLT neutropenia
Cabazitaxel
Mita Clin Can Res 2009
38. TROPIC
Primary endpoint: OS
Secondary endpoints: Progression-free
survival (PFS), responserate, and safety
cabazitaxel 25 mg/m² q 3 wk
+ prednisone* for 10 cycles
(n=378)
mitoxantrone 12 mg/m² q 3 wk
+ prednisone* for 10 cycles
(n=377)
*Oral prednisone/prednisolone: 10 mg daily.
Stratification factors
ECOG PS (0, 1 vs. 2) • Measurablevs. non-measurable disease
mCRPC patients who progressed during and
after treatment with a docetaxel-based regimen
(N=755)
39. Overall Survival (ITT)
MP 377 300 188 67 11 1
CBZP 378 321 231 90 28 4
Number
at risk
Proportion
of OS (%)
80
60
40
20
0
100
0months 6months 12months 18months 24months 30months
15.112.7
0.59–0.8395% CI
<.0001P-value
0.70Hazard Ratio
CBZPMP
Median OS (mo)
45. Conclusions
• Therapeutic targeting of tubulins is
clinically relevant
– Docetaxel, cabazitaxel
• Cabazitaxel is equivalent to docetaxel in
first line mCRPC
• Unknown in sequencing is how
CHAARTED/STAMPEDE will influence
use of first line chemo for mCRPC