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2. Project Owner(s) Local Government of Dumaguete City
Project Partner(s) United States Agency for International
Development (USAID)
Philippine Sanitation Alliance (PSA)
Basic Needs Services (BNS) Philippines

3. P - PROBLEM
A - ASSESSMENT
D - DIAGNOSIS
P - PLAN
I - IMPLEMENTATION
E - EVALUATION

4. The problem in Dumaguete City is the inadequate
sanitation infrastructure and wastewater management,
resulting in high coliform counts in coastal waters, which
pose risks to public health and the environment. This
issue is exacerbated by the discharge of untreated
wastewater from various sources, including
approximately 20,000 poorly designed and maintained
septic tanks.

5. on People: The pollution of the city's water supply is adversely
affecting both residents and their livelihoods. This encompasses a
decrease in water sports tourism and fishing opportunities,
accompanied by a noteworthy rise in diarrhea cases, ranking as the
5th leading cause of morbidity in the city, alongside other waterborne
diseases. These health challenges have a profound impact on the
overall welfare of the population, emphasizing the seriousness of this
public health issue.
on the Environment: The water pollution is harming aquatic life and
marine ecosystems in Dumaguete City's coastal waters and water
resources. Biodiversity is at risk.

6. P - PROBLEM
A - ASSESSMENT
D - DIAGNOSIS
P - PLAN
I - IMPLEMENTATION
E - EVALUATION

7. Population and Geography
Dumaguete City has a population of 116,392 people and is
situated on the southeastern coast of Negros Island, near the
Mindanao Sea and the Tañon Strait. Its flat topography and
proximity to the coast make it vulnerable to water pollution.
The stakeholders engaged in addressing this issue include the
Local Government of Dumaguete City, the United States Agency
for International Development (USAID), Philippine Sanitation
Alliance (PSA), Basic Needs Services (BNS) Philippines, residents,
NGOs, students, academia, medical practitioners, and city
officials.

8. • High coliform counts in coastal waters, especially along Rizal Boulevard,
rendering the area unsuitable for water sports and fishing.
• Discharge of untreated wastewater from residences and the business
district.
• Approximately 20,000 poorly designed and maintained septic tanks posing
contamination threats to deep and shallow well water sources.
• A notable increase in diarrhea cases, ranking as the 5th leading cause of
morbidity in the city, likely due to poor sanitation.

9. Resource Availability
• Funding from USAID and local development funds.
• Technical assistance from various partners, including BNS Philippines
and Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association (BORDA).
Positive Aspects
• Collaboration with USAID, PSA, and BNS Philippines for technical
assistance, funding, and expertise.
• Development of low-cost septage treatment and Decentralized
Wastewater Treatment Systems (DEWATS).
• Inclusion of sanitation as a priority area for development.
Challenges
• High initial construction cost for treatment plants.
• Ongoing operation and maintenance (O&M) costs.
• The need for behavioral change and ensuring compliance with
sanitation measures.

10. P - PROBLEM
A - ASSESSMENT
D - DIAGNOSIS
P - PLAN
I - IMPLEMENTATION
E - EVALUATION

11. Root Cause Analysis
The primary causes of the problem include poorly designed and
maintained septic tanks, untreated wastewater discharge, and a
lack of awareness and infrastructure for proper wastewater
management.
These root causes have led to water pollution and health issues
in the city.

12. Social Factors
• Public clamor and concerns voiced by residents and NGOs played a significant
role in highlighting the issue.
• The commitment of the local government to address sanitation concerns
demonstrates social awareness and responsibility.
Environmental Factors
• High coliform counts in coastal waters, especially along Rizal Boulevard, signify
environmental degradation due to water pollution.
• The discharge of untreated wastewater has led to a decline in the quality of
marine ecosystems and water sources.
Economic Factors
• Health issues, particularly the increase in diarrhea cases, have economic
implications, including higher healthcare costs.
• The contamination of water sources threatens the livelihoods of fishermen
and the potential loss of income from fishing and tourism.

13. P - PROBLEM
A - ASSESSMENT
D - DIAGNOSIS
P - PLAN
I - IMPLEMENTATION
E - EVALUATION

14. The plan to address the sanitation and wastewater management
issue in Dumaguete City, known as the LINAW Project, is
comprehensive and multi-faceted. The plan emphasizes not
only the development of critical wastewater treatment
infrastructure but also the importance of public awareness,
regulatory enforcement, and partnerships to create a
sustainable solution to the sanitation and pollution problem
in Dumaguete City.
It aims to achieve the following objectives:
Objectives:
1. Improve sanitation services and wastewater management.
2. Reduce the coliform count in coastal waters.
3. Enhance public health.
4. Protect the environment.

15. 1. Infrastructure Development
 Construct a public market wastewater treatment plant using the Anaerobic Baffle Reactor
System.
 Develop a septage treatment plant capable of handling household and business septage.
2. Public Awareness and Education
 Implement public awareness campaigns to educate residents on proper wastewater disposal
and sanitation practices.
3. Regulatory Framework
 Establish and enforce local laws and ordinances related to wastewater management.
4. Cost Recovery Mechanism
 Implement a cost recovery mechanism through fees for wastewater services to ensure
sustainability.
5. Collaboration and Partnerships
 Form partnerships with organizations like USAID, Philippine Sanitation Alliance (PSA), and
COMPONENTS

16. P - PROBLEM
A - ASSESSMENT
D - DIAGNOSIS
P - PLAN
I - IMPLEMENTATION
E - EVALUATION

17. The successful implementation of the
LINAW Project involved not only the
construction and operation of wastewater
treatment facilities but also a strong focus
on public awareness, regulatory
enforcement, cost recovery mechanisms,
and collaboration with partners. This
multi-faceted approach aimed to address
the sanitation issue comprehensively and
ensure long-term sustainability.

18. 1. Construction and Operation of Wastewater
Treatment Plants
• The project successfully constructed and put into
operation the Public Market Wastewater Treatment Plant
using the Anaerobic Baffle Reactor System.
• The plant has the capacity to process 80 cubic meters of
wastewater per day.
• Monthly operating costs are covered by toilet user fees
collected at the public market.
• Treated wastewater is reused for landscaping, promoting
sustainability.
ACTIONS TAKEN

19. 2. Septage Treatment Plant
• A Septage Treatment Plant was established to manage
all septage within the Local Government Unit (LGU).
• The plant is jointly owned and operated by the city
government and the water district. It covers an area of
2.0 hectares and operates with 6 desludging trucks.
• A cost recovery mechanism was implemented through
water billing to ensure the sustainability of operations.
• Regular monitoring of treatment efficiency and effluent
quality is in place to maintain treatment standards.
ACTIONS TAKEN

20. 3. Public Awareness Campaigns
• Awareness campaigns were conducted to educate
residents about proper sanitation practices and the
importance of wastewater treatment. These campaigns
aimed to change public behavior and ensure compliance
with sanitation measures.
4. Collaboration with Partners
• The project collaborated with key partners, including
USAID, Philippine Sanitation Alliance (PSA), and Basic
Needs Services (BNS) - Philippines, for technical
support, funding, and expertise.
ACTIONS TAKEN

21. 5. Capacity Building
• LGU personnel underwent training programs to build
their capacity in social marketing and wastewater
management.
6. Regulatory Compliance
• Local laws and regulations related to wastewater
management were enforced to ensure that sanitation
practices align with established standards.
ACTIONS TAKEN

22. P - PROBLEM
A - ASSESSMENT
D - DIAGNOSIS
P - PLAN
I - IMPLEMENTATION
E - EVALUATION

23. The evaluation confirms that the LINAW
Project in Dumaguete City has achieved its
objectives, resulting in improved environmental
conditions, enhanced public health, and
sustainable wastewater management practices.
Challenges were addressed, and lessons were
learned to ensure the project's long-term impact
and success.

24. Results Achieved
 Significant reduction in coliform count in coastal
waters.
 Improved public health with fewer reported cases of
diarrhea and other waterborne diseases.
 Effective operation of wastewater treatment facilities,
including the public market wastewater treatment
plant and septage treatment plant.
 Establishment of sustainable cost recovery
mechanisms for the septage treatment plant's
operation.

25. Challenges Faced
 Initial funding and resource mobilization for the construction of treatment
facilities.
 Ongoing monitoring and maintenance of wastewater treatment facilities to
ensure their efficient operation.
 Ensuring continued community participation and awareness in the long
term.
Cost-Effectiveness and Sustainability
• The project demonstrated cost-effectiveness by significantly improving
water quality, reducing waterborne diseases, and supporting livelihoods.
• Sustainability was ensured through the implementation of cost recovery
mechanisms, such as septage fees, and the reuse of treated wastewater
for landscaping and sludge distribution as organic fertilizer.

26. The LINAW Project is funded through a
combination of sources:
• The public market wastewater
treatment plant has an estimated cost
of $79,545.45.
• The septage treatment plant is funded
by the city's local development fund.
• It also includes ongoing operational and
maintenance costs supported by user
fees and revenue-sharing agreements.