The document discusses various topics related to pollution and human health. It defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being that involves more than just the absence of disease. Poor health can result from issues like poor nutrition, obesity, and lack of physical activity. The three main types of pollution are air, water, and land pollution. Air pollution can cause respiratory illnesses and cancer, while water pollution spreads diseases and contaminates food sources. Maintaining good hygiene is important for preventing infection and protecting overall health.

1. POLLUTION and
human health

2. WHAT IS
HEALTH……?

3. WHAT IS HEALTH…….?
 Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well being.
Its not only the absence of disease.
 A person is said to be healthy when he/she is free of any type of
disease (infectious/deficiency), when he/she is mentally happy and
healthy and when his/her social relationships are healthy in a
society.

4. PHILOSOPHY OF HEALTH
 Health is a Fundamental Human Right.
 Health is integral part of development.
 Health and its maintenance is major social investment.
 Health is essence of productive life.
 Health involves individuals, state and
international responsibility.
 Health is world – wide social goal.

5. ASPECTS OF HEALTH
1. Physical Health is more than the absence of illness.
2. Financial Health is a powerful factor.
3. Spiritual Health contributes to a sense of meaning and purpose.
4. Relational Health has much to do with personal health.
5. Self Health is essential for positive energy and creativity.

6. A HEALTHY PERSON HAS THE FOLLOWING
FEATURES ………
 A clear skin.
 Bright, clear eyes.
 A body neither too fat nor too thin.
 Fresh breath.
 Good appetite.
 Sound sleep.
 Regular activity of bladders and
bowels.
 Coordinated body movements.

7. CONSEQUENCES OF POOR HEALTH
 Poor nutrition habits can be a behavioral health issue, because nutrition and diet affect how
you feel, look, think and act. A bad diet results in lower core strength, slower problem
solving ability and muscle response time, and less alertness. Poor nutrition creates many
other negative health effects as well.
 Obesity.
 Hypertension.
 High Cholesterol and Heart Disease.
 Diabetes.
 Stroke.
 Gout.
 Cancer.

8.  Physical Activity and Nutrition
 Overweight and Obesity
 Tobacco
 Substance Abuse
 HIV/AIDS
 Mental Health
 Injury and Violence
 Environmental Quality
 Immunization
 Access to Health Care
Top 10 Most Common Health Issues

9. 7 Major Problems of Health Services in India
After Independence there has been a significant improvement, in the health status of people.
But the situation is not much better as per study of WHO. It has placed India in 112th
position among 191 countries of the world.
Even Bangladesh is ahead of India.
The following are the major problems of health services:
1. Neglect of Rural Population
2. Emphasis on Culture Method
3. Inadequate Outlay for Health
4. Social Inequality
5. Shortage of Medical Personnel
6. Medical Research
7. Expensive Health Service

10. HYGIENE ………..
Hygiene is the practice of keeping yourself and your
surroundings clean, especially in order to prevent illness
spread of diseases. Be extra careful about personal hygiene.

11. WHY HYGIENE IS SO IMPORTANT
FOR HEALTH…..??

12. MAIN REASONS
WHY HYGIENE IS SO IMPORTANT
Staying clean and fresh does a lot more for your health than just make you
look good.
It also can actually :
 Protect you from developing infections.
 Prevent you from having health complications.
 Keep you from being uncomfortable.

14. POLLUTION
Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into
the environment that cause adverse change. These harmful materials are
called pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be
created by human activity, such as trash or runoff produced by
factories. Pollutants damage the quality of air, water and land.
Many things that are useful to people produce pollution. Cars spew pollutants from
their exhaust pipes. Burning coal to create electricity pollutes the air. Industries and
homes generate garbage and sewage that can pollute the land and
water. Pesticides—chemical poisons used to kill weeds and insects—
seep into waterways and harm wildlife.

15. TYPES OF POLLUTION
The three major types of pollution are
 Air pollution,
 Water pollution, and
 Land pollution.

16. Air Pollution
Sometimes, air pollution is visible. A person can see dark smoke pour from
the exhaust pipes of large trucks or factories, for example. More often,
however, air pollution is invisible.
Polluted air can be dangerous, even if the pollutants are invisible. It can
make people’s eyes burn and make them have difficulty breathing. It can
also increase the risk of lung cancer.

17. EXAMPLES OF AIR POLLUTION
 Noise pollution
 Tobacco smoke
 Exhaust Gases of Vehicles
 Combustion of Coal
 Acid rain

18. Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health
The effects of air pollution involve a large variety of illnesses, starting with the simple irritation of eyes,
nose, mouth and throat or diminished energy levels, headache and dizziness, but also potentially more
serious conditions - of which the most common are:
 Respiratory and lung diseases, including:
 Asthma attacks
 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease –COPD
 Reduced lung function
 Pulmonary cancer – caused by a series of carcinogen chemicals that enter the body through
inhalation
 Mesothelioma – a particular type of lung cancer, usually associated with exposure to asbestos (it
usually occurs 20-30 years after the initial exposure)
 Pneumonia
 Leukemia – a type of blood cancer usually associated with exposure to benzene vapors (through
inhalation)
 Birth defects and immune system defects
 Cardiovascular problems, heart disease and stroke (an increased risk especially due to particulate
matter)
 Neurobehavioral disorders - neurological problems and developmental deficits due to air toxins such
as mercury (which is the only volatile metal)
 Liver and other types of cancer – caused by breathing carcinogenic volatile chemicals
 Premature death

20. Water Pollution
Some polluted water looks muddy, smells bad, and has garbage floating in it. Some polluted water
looks clean, but is filled with harmful chemicals you can’t see or smell.
Polluted water is unsafe for drinking and swimming. Some people who drink polluted water are
exposed to hazardous chemicals that may make them sick years later. Others consume bacteria and
other tiny aquatic organisms that cause disease. The United Nations estimates that 4,000 children die
every day from drinking dirty water.
Sometimes, polluted water harms people indirectly. They get sick because the fish that live in polluted
water are unsafe to eat. They have too many pollutants in their flesh.

21. EXAMPLES OF WATER POLLUTION
 Factories & Refineries (Oil and industrial waste)
 Agriculture (Pesticides, fertilizers, Eutrophication)
 Human Sewage (Failing septic tanks, pit latrines)
 Marine Dumping • Mining (sediment run off)
 Household chemicals (soap, oven cleaners etc.)
 Dumping (non-biodegradable (plastic bottles)

22. Major sources of water pollution
 Domestic sewage
 Industrialization
 Population growth
 Pesticides and fertilizers
 Plastics and polythene bags
 Urbanization
 Weak management system
It is reported that 75 to 80% water pollution is caused by the domestic sewage. Waste from
the industries like, sugar, textile, electroplating, pesticides, pulp and paper are polluting the
water. Polluted river have intolerable smell and contains less flora and fauna. 80% of the
world’s population is facing threats to water security

23. There is a greater association between pollution and health problem. Disease causing
microorganisms are known as pathogens and these pathogens are spreading disease directly
among humans. Some pathogens are worldwide some are found in well-defined area. Many water
borne diseases are spreading man to man. Heavy rainfall and floods are related to extreme weather
and creating different diseases for developed and developing countries. 10% of the population
depends on food and vegetables that are grown in contaminated water. Many waterborne
infectious diseases are linked with fecal pollution of water sources and results in fecal-oral route of
infection.
Poor quality water destroys the crop production and infects our food which is hazardous for aquatic
life and human life. Pollutants disturb the food chain and heavy metals, especially iron affects the
respiratory system of fishes. An iron clog in to fish gills and it is lethal to fishes, when these fishes
are eaten by human leads to the major health issue. Metal contaminated water leads to hair loss,
liver cirrhosis, renal failure and neural disorder.
Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked to transmission of diseases such as
cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid and polio.
EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

24. Bacterial diseases
Untreated drinking water and fecal contamination of water is the major cause of diarrhea. Fever,
abdominal pain, nausea, headache are major symptoms of diarrhea. Good hygienic practices and
use of antibiotics can prevent this disease. Disease cholera is caused by the contaminated
water. Vibrio Cholerae is responsible for this disease. This bacterium produces toxins in digestive
tracts.
Viral diseases
Hepatitis is a viral disease caused by contaminated water and infects the liver. Jaundice, loss of
appetite, fatigue, discomfort and high fever are symptoms of hepatitis. If it persists for a long time
it may be fatal and results in death. Vaccine is available for hepatitis and by adopting good
hygienic practice; one can get rid of this disease .

25. The pollutants in water that affect human health include the drinking water
contaminants items in this list.
 Arsenic
 Copper
 Lead
 Chromium
 Perchlorate
 Fossil fuels such as gasoline
 Microplastics
 Pharmaceutical drugs
 Bio - contaminants including bacteria, viruses, and parasites
 Nitrates and nitrites
 Pesticides
 Disinfection byproducts such as chloroform
 Radioactive materials
These pollutants are hazards because of their particularly negative effect on human health.
What Are the Pollutants in Water That Affect Human Health?

26. Arsenic: As many as 140 million people worldwide are exposed to arsenic levels in
drinking water that are higher than the World Health Organization's (WHO) provisional
guideline of 10 μg/L. Most of this arsenic occurs naturally, but there is industrial and
agricultural contamination.

27. Lead: Lead is sometimes found in old pipes which can give it a direct route into the
water supply (as occurred in Flint, Michigan and ancient Rome). Ingestion of water
polluted with lead can cause central nervous system health problems such as headaches,
fatigue, muscle weakness, delirium, or seizures. Other symptoms of lead exposure can
include kidney disease, anemia, or severe abdominal pain (lead colic). The World Health
Organization (WHO) estimates that globally over 240 million people are exposed to
lead-contaminated water. They estimate that acute and chronic lead exposure accounts
for over 850 thousand deaths per year.
Copper: Copper contamination of drinking water occurs as a result of leaching from old
copper pipes. Copper pipes were first introduced in the 1930s and gained widespread use
throughout the 20th century, with almost all homes being equipped with copper
plumbing. High levels of exposure can produce symptoms of gastrointestinal distress
including nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Modern copper piping is generally safe
and does not release dangerous materials into water.

28. Microplastics: The United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) states that plastic is the most prevalent type of aquatic debris found in oceans and
lakes and defines microplastics (MPs) as small plastic pieces that are less than five
millimeters in length. Professor Kurunthachalam Kannan and Dr. Krishnamoorthi Vimal
Kumar of the New York University School of Medicine reported that per capita intake of
microplastics likely ranges from 39 to 52 thousand particles per year, with seafood
consumption leading to particularly high levels. Unfortunately, not much is known about the
impact of microplastics on human health. Potential health risks include altered metabolism,
immune disruption, accumulation in distant organs, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity.

30. Bio – contaminants : Bio - contaminants refer to bacteria, viruses, or parasites which pollute
water that humans use for drinking and daily activities. Bacterial waterborne disorders are
associated with organisms such as Escherichia coli and Cyanobacteria among
others. According to the WHO, acute diarrheal disease related to biocontamination of
drinking water affects nearly 1.7 billion children globally and is the second leading cause of
death in this demographic, claiming 525,000 lives each year. Below, the very infectious adult
Cyclospora species is shown in a laboratory finding.

34. Land Pollution
Many of the same pollutants that foul the water also harm the land. Mining sometimes leaves
the soil contaminated with dangerous chemicals.
Pesticides and fertilizers from agricultural fields are blown by the wind. They can harm plants,
animals, and sometimes people. Some fruits and vegetables absorb the pesticides that help
them grow. When people consume the fruits and vegetables, the pesticides enter their
bodies. Some pesticides can cause cancer and other diseases.
A pesticide called DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was once commonly used to kill
insects, especially mosquitoes. In many parts of the world, mosquitoes carry a disease
called malaria, which kills a million people every year.

35. EXAMPLES OF LAND POLLUTION
This kind of pollution is actually the degradation (becoming unusable) of Earth’s surface. There
are 2 causes, and guess what, a pile of waste is one of them. Land pollution is mainly caused by
improper disposal of waste and the misuse of resources. Here are some examples of land
pollution:
 Litter on every corner or on the side of the road
 Oil spills
 Illegal dumping in natural habitats
 Debris or damage caused from unsustainable logging practices
 Pesticides and other farming chemicals
 Nuclear accidents or radiation spills
Because of land pollution we will likely lose the natural habitats of animals, especially the
endangered ones like orangutans and tigers!

36. EFFECTS OF LAND POLLUTION
The inhalation of soil particulate matter and the ingestion of contaminated food can potentially result
in serious conditions, of which the most common include:
 Cancer, including leukemia – caused by the contact with soils contaminated with chemicals
contaminated with chemicals (e.g. gasoline, benzene)
 Nervous system damage – caused especially by the presence of lead (Pb) in soil, and affecting
in soil, and affecting especially children
 Neuromuscular blockage and depression of the central nervous system
 Kidney and liver damage – caused by chemicals such as mercury (Hg)

38. EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH
Human health is also severely affected by particulates in the atmosphere. The particulates can
cause nasal irritation and swelling. It can also cause a runny nose.
• Air pollution is additionally linked to lung damage and limited lung function
• Air pollution can also have an inflammatory effect on the heart – it can elevate blood
pressure and aggravate pre-existing conditions of the heart.
• The risk of death significantly increases with long term exposure to polluted air. For
instance, people susceptible to heart diseases are at higher risk.
Most Causes of pollution are often mainly attributed to anthropogenic causes. This means
humans are liable for causing pollution . Water pollution is often defined because of the
introduction of pollutants into a body of water. These can cause detrimental effects on the
organisms that live in the water body or interact with the water. However, the causes of
pollution can occur from natural processes or phenomena too.