This document defines and discusses different types of pollution: land/soil pollution, water pollution, and air pollution. Land pollution results from improper disposal of waste and use of chemicals in agriculture and industry. Water pollution occurs when contaminants from sources like factories, oil spills, and untreated waste enter bodies of water. Air pollution is caused by emissions from vehicles, power plants, manufacturing, and other human activities that release smog, acid rain, and other particulate matter into the atmosphere. The growth of industry and modern economic activity has contributed greatly to increased pollution levels across land, water, and air.

1. POLLUTION
Air, Water and Soil pollution.
B.Tungalagtuya. English teacher

2. What is pollution?
Pollution is the contamination of an environment. To
cause harm to an are of natural environment.
Pollution is caused by man’s impact and growth and his
improper disposal of waste materials generated.
Industrialisation has had a great impact on the type and
volume of pollutants released.
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary economic
activity which is a sign of man’s success has added to
the effect of pollution

3. Primary activity: farming, fishing, mining
Secondary: manufacturing, construction
Tertiary: administrative, retail, transport
Quaternary: technology and information
services.

4. Types of pollution
It is classified into:
Land/soil pollution
Air pollution
Water pollution

6. Land/ soil pollution
Land pollution is the contamination of land
spaces or soil. Has commercial, agricultural,
industrial, domestic sources
Instances when this occur are:
Agricultural waste such as insecticides and pesticides
which are used excessively and leach into the soil.
These products not only affect the target organism but
others as well.

7. The soil chemistry is changed and this can affect growth
and survival of plants and animals.
Non­biodegradable waste originating from household
and industrial products. These stay a very long time in
the environment as they either can be broken down or
they take very long .e.g. plastics, glass metals

8. Land pollution
Littering and the development of landfills affect soil
chemistry.
Bio degradable materials : The materials that are able
to break down naturally into harmless simpler forms by
actions of micro­organisms. E.g. paper, some plastic,
textiles.

9. Chemical and nuclear plants
Industrial factories
Oil refineries
Human sewage
Oil and antifreeze leaking from cars
Mining
Littering
Overcrowded landfills
Deforestation
Construction debris

11. Water pollution
Contamination of water resources i.e. oceans,
lakes, rivers by harmful substances. Also affects
drinking water
Water comprises 70% of earth’s surface. Is a
very important resource for plants and animals
Point source­ derived from discrete location
( pipe or drain) and non­point source­ no single
point of origin, contaminants are spread over a
larger area. ( leaching of fertilizer)

12. Sources of water
pollution
Non­biodegradable waste
Insecticides, pesticides leaching into
groundwater
Oil spill
Hot water from industries
Untreated waste and nutrient accumulation
Toxic chemicals

13. Non-biodegradable
waste
Covers surfaces or obstructs current pathways
preventing or poisoning organisms.
Clogs waterways restricting movement of
aquatic organisms

14. Hot water
Derived from industrial sources where water is
used for cooling.
Can kill organisms due to high temperatures and
also change the abiotic conditions of habitat.
Cooling of water before release

16. Air pollution
Smog, acid rain, CFC’s (chlorofluorocarbons),
particulate matter , noxious gases all contribute
to air pollution.

17. Contributors to air
pollution:
Automobile emissions
Tobacco smoke
Combustion of coal
Acid rain
Noise pollution from cars and construction
Power plants
Manufacturing buildings
Large ships
Paint fumes
Aerosol sprays
Wildfires
Nuclear weapons

18. What activities have negative
impacts on the environment
Deforestation: removal or
clearance of naturally
occurring forests.
Overfishing: blast fishing,
trawling
Coral reef and mangrove
destruction