Establishing Collaborative Management for Batu Ampar’s Mangrove Forest: Revitalising the Regional Mangroves Working Group (KKMD) is an entry point for establishing collaborative, community based mangroves management.
Community forests in Nepal cover 25% of the country's forest land and are managed by over 14,000 local community forest user groups (CFUGs) representing 35% of Nepal's population. Under the 1993 Forest Act, national forests are handed over to CFUGs for protection, management, and sustainable use. Since 1978, community forestry has led to increased forest cover, social mobilization, income generation, and institutional development at the local level. However, challenges remain in ensuring disadvantaged groups' access, improving technical forest management, focusing on local needs, and supporting women and the poor through CFUG decision making. Overall, community forestry shows promise for sustainable forest management if democratic processes and people's participation are strengthened
Ghan Shyam Pandey: The Role of Forest Communities in the Forest Tenure Reform...Rights and Resources
Day 2, Session 3: The role and perspectives of forest communities in the forest reform process
Presentation by Ghan Shyam Pandey, Federation of Community Forestry Users, Nepal (FECOFUN)
A Future for Social Forestry in the Indonesia and ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)CIFOR-ICRAF
This document discusses the potential for social forestry in Indonesia and ASEAN. It notes that past forest management policies have failed to guarantee community access and led to degradation, but that social forestry provides communities long-term forest access and improves livelihoods. It outlines social forestry targets and activities in Indonesia, including enterprise development and partnerships around bamboo, silk, agarwood, and rattan. Research, investment, and multistakeholder engagement are needed to ensure sustainable social forestry and value chains that can contribute to ASEAN economic integration goals.
1) A study examined the impact of different property rights regimes on forest access, condition, and economic outcomes in Haryana, India.
2) It found that forests under community forestry programs and communal tenure saw improved conditions compared to open access regimes.
3) A benefit-cost analysis of management scenarios found that regimes promoting community access to some resources and responsibility for conservation were most economically viable.
The document summarizes the development of community forestry in Nepal and its achievements in promoting sustainable development. It discusses how community forestry has evolved over time through various policies and workshops. Key achievements highlighted include improved forest governance through community management, sustainable forest management practices, and enhanced local livelihoods and sustainability through community enterprises and income generation activities.
Community-based forest management (CFM) involves inclusive participation of local communities in the sustainable management of forests. CFM is more informal and autonomous than joint forest management, with private ownership rather than state ownership. CFM aims to develop poor forest communities through generating income, employment, and sustainable management. It enhances the capacity of non-timber forest product stakeholders. CFM is community-driven, with communities making decisions and the state monitoring and providing guidance. CFM has been practiced in many villages across India, involving over 12,000-15,000 villages in northeast India and protecting 1-2 million hectares of forest land.
Community forests in Nepal cover 25% of the country's forest land and are managed by over 14,000 local community forest user groups (CFUGs) representing 35% of Nepal's population. Under the 1993 Forest Act, national forests are handed over to CFUGs for protection, management, and sustainable use. Since 1978, community forestry has led to increased forest cover, social mobilization, income generation, and institutional development at the local level. However, challenges remain in ensuring disadvantaged groups' access, improving technical forest management, focusing on local needs, and supporting women and the poor through CFUG decision making. Overall, community forestry shows promise for sustainable forest management if democratic processes and people's participation are strengthened
Ghan Shyam Pandey: The Role of Forest Communities in the Forest Tenure Reform...Rights and Resources
Day 2, Session 3: The role and perspectives of forest communities in the forest reform process
Presentation by Ghan Shyam Pandey, Federation of Community Forestry Users, Nepal (FECOFUN)
A Future for Social Forestry in the Indonesia and ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)CIFOR-ICRAF
This document discusses the potential for social forestry in Indonesia and ASEAN. It notes that past forest management policies have failed to guarantee community access and led to degradation, but that social forestry provides communities long-term forest access and improves livelihoods. It outlines social forestry targets and activities in Indonesia, including enterprise development and partnerships around bamboo, silk, agarwood, and rattan. Research, investment, and multistakeholder engagement are needed to ensure sustainable social forestry and value chains that can contribute to ASEAN economic integration goals.
1) A study examined the impact of different property rights regimes on forest access, condition, and economic outcomes in Haryana, India.
2) It found that forests under community forestry programs and communal tenure saw improved conditions compared to open access regimes.
3) A benefit-cost analysis of management scenarios found that regimes promoting community access to some resources and responsibility for conservation were most economically viable.
The document summarizes the development of community forestry in Nepal and its achievements in promoting sustainable development. It discusses how community forestry has evolved over time through various policies and workshops. Key achievements highlighted include improved forest governance through community management, sustainable forest management practices, and enhanced local livelihoods and sustainability through community enterprises and income generation activities.
Community-based forest management (CFM) involves inclusive participation of local communities in the sustainable management of forests. CFM is more informal and autonomous than joint forest management, with private ownership rather than state ownership. CFM aims to develop poor forest communities through generating income, employment, and sustainable management. It enhances the capacity of non-timber forest product stakeholders. CFM is community-driven, with communities making decisions and the state monitoring and providing guidance. CFM has been practiced in many villages across India, involving over 12,000-15,000 villages in northeast India and protecting 1-2 million hectares of forest land.
Presented by Dr. Ir. Bambang Supriyanto, M.Sc. (Director General of Social Forestry and Environmental Partnership - Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia) on "Signing of MoU on scientific and technical cooperation between FOERDIA, Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia and CIFOR" (26 February 2019)
Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a partnership approach to forest management between local communities and state forest departments in India, with policies detailed in the 1988 National Forest Policy and 1990 JFM Guidelines. Under JFM, village forest committees and forest departments sign agreements where villagers protect forests in exchange for forest products and revenue sharing. JFM began accidentally in West Bengal in 1971 and has since expanded across India with varying implementations between states.
This presentation, delivered by Dede Rohadi to the Delegation from Ethiopia, outlines the current and historical state of forestry in Indonesia. Topics include forest extent, administration, and policies.
This document provides a brief history of forest management in Nepal categorized into 6 phases from before 1926 AD to the present. It discusses the transition from exploitation and state control in early phases to more participatory and conservation-focused approaches today. Key events include nationalizing forests in 1957, establishing the community forestry program in 1978, and developing the Forest Policy 2000 and Scientific Forest Management Guideline 2014 to promote community-based and sustainable practices. The history shows evolving strategies to balance forest resource use and protection through policies and local involvement.
WP003 An Ecological and Environmental Reconnaissance,J PayneJunaidi Payne
This document provides a summary of an ecological survey of the Meratus forest in Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah, Indonesia. The survey found that the topography varies greatly, with steep slopes above 70% in some areas. Vegetation types ranged from non-irrigated rice fields below 600m to montane mossy forest above 1300m. Hill dipterocarp forest dominated between 900-1000m, while Agathis forest occurred from 900-1100m. Most forest above 700m appears natural and undisturbed. The Meratus forests represent some of the best remaining natural forests in South Kalimantan and require careful management.
The document discusses the history and evolution of forest management in India, with a focus on Kerala. [1] It describes how forest management transitioned from decentralized local control to centralized government control under British rule. [2] Kerala then introduced a joint forest management (JFM) model in 1998 to involve local communities in sustainable forest management through institutions like VSS committees. [3] The JFM model in Kerala aims to balance conservation and meeting local needs through participatory decision making.
Criticising Nepal's Highly Successful Community Forestry is a NO-NO in mainstream environmental discourse of Nepal but here my students are encouraged to critique even so called successful sustainable development programs such as community forestry in Nepal.
This document discusses how agroforestry can be mainstreamed in biodiversity conservation efforts. It outlines several ways that agroforestry contributes to biodiversity conservation by reducing pressure on natural forests, providing habitat, and serving as a benign land use matrix. The document argues that landscape-scale approaches that integrate protected areas, agroforestry, and other land uses are needed. It provides examples of agroforestry practices that embody conservation principles like maintaining genetic diversity and enhancing ecological processes. Finally, it proposes several options for mainstreaming agroforestry, such as linking it to conservation planning, expanding agroforestry options, and strategic alliances between agroforestry and conservation organizations.
WP004 Trees in Hulu Tabalong , J Payne, Jun 01(E) Junaidi Payne
This document provides recommended local names for trees to be used in forest inventory work in the upper Tabalong area of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It summarizes work conducted from October 1999 to March 2001 to develop a consistent naming system. The report recommends a list of local tree names for use in all future inventory by PT Aya Yayang Indonesia. It also includes a key for identifying non-dipterocarp tree genera in the field based on bark characteristics. The recommended names aim to balance consistency with names already used locally while introducing standardized names for trees lacking names or with inconsistent naming.
1) The document discusses a case study of leasehold forestry in Hadikhola VDC, Makwanpur District of Nepal and its role in poverty alleviation.
2) Key findings show that average household income and livestock ownership increased significantly for lessee households after participating in the leasehold forestry program. However, some income inequality remained.
3) Participation in the program reduced work burdens, increased food security and decision-making power for women, while opening opportunities to improve livelihoods through livestock raising and vegetable farming.
- Traditional forest management in India involved decentralized control by local communities until the 19th century when the British declared forests as government lands.
- In the late 20th century, unsustainable commercial exploitation led to massive deforestation, restricting forest resources for rural communities.
- Joint Forest Management (JFM) policies began in the 1980s and 1990s to involve local communities in forest protection and management, establishing institutions like Village Forest Committees.
- Kerala's JFM model includes different institutions for different forest areas, like Vanasamrakshana Samithis for reserved forests and Adivasi Vanasamrakshana Samithis for tribal forest areas.
Vanashakti educational and Outreach ActivitesVanashakti
Vanashakti is an NGO that focuses on conservation, environmental education, and sustainable livelihoods. It conducts various activities in urban and rural areas of Maharashtra to promote environmental awareness. In urban areas, activities include beach cleanups, mangrove censuses, educational programs in schools, and restoration activities. In rural areas, activities involve environmental sensitization workshops for tribal students and environmental education programs for tribal communities to conserve biodiversity in Wada Taluka.
This document provides a progress report for Vanashakti, an environmental NGO, from September 2010 to July 2012. It summarizes their key activities under conservation, coasts, Western Ghats, and environmental education and outreach programs. Some highlights include successfully advocating for the designation of Thane Creek as a Flamingo Sanctuary, litigation to protect mangroves in Sewri from destruction, organizing workshops and cleanups around World Wetland Day, and running long-term environmental education programs for tribal communities in Wada taluka.
Co-Management of forest resources in MalawiFMNR Hub
Co-management of forest resources in Malawi aims to reduce deforestation and poverty by giving local communities decision-making power over surrounding forests. A 2003 program established co-management partnerships in reserves like Zomba-Malosa to sustainably manage forests for subsistence needs. Impacts included improved livelihoods through natural resource access and management training. However, challenges include elite capture of benefits, unclear revenue sharing, and lack of participation from all community members and stakeholders. Continued support of co-management initiatives is needed alongside improved monitoring, transparency, and broader awareness and involvement.
Vanashakti is a Mumbai based non profit Environmental NGO. Our thrust areas are Forest and Wetland Conservation, Environment Education and Sustainable Livelihoods for marginalized rural communities.
Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project in KPAlee Shah
The document outlines the Green Growth Initiative by the KP government in Pakistan to promote environmentally sustainable development. It focuses on six areas: forestry, protected areas, clean energy, climate resilience, water/sanitation, and waste management. A key part of the initiative is the Billion Trees Tsunami Afforestation Project, which aims to plant trees across KP province. The project will be implemented in two phases, with phase one focusing on establishing nurseries, plantations, and forest closures to promote natural regeneration. It involves partnerships between the forestry department and local communities.
Institutionalizing interaction between local people and protection forest a m...Alexander Decker
1. The document discusses a study evaluating a forest stewardship program in Mount Arjuna, Indonesia that aims to change local communities' threatening attitudes toward the protected forest.
2. The study finds that local communities engage in illegal wood removal, land use change, charcoal making, and forest fires in the protected area due to seeing it as an open access area with no enforcement of rules.
3. The forest stewardship program involves reforestation and appointing local stewards to care for planted areas in exchange for livestock. However, the integrated economic programs proposed have failed due to incompatibility with local practices or being too complex.
The Billion Trees Tsunami Afforestation Project in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa aims to rehabilitate forests and increase the forest resource base. It establishes central and private nurseries to grow over 500 million saplings, which are planted on 10,000 hectares of land. The project also focuses on protecting newly planted forests by training and hiring local communities as forest guards. Overall, the project has planted over 872 million seedlings across the province by 2017, with a high survival rate of 88.75%.
Presented by Dr. Ir. Bambang Supriyanto, M.Sc. (Director General of Social Forestry and Environmental Partnership - Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia) on "Signing of MoU on scientific and technical cooperation between FOERDIA, Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia and CIFOR" (26 February 2019)
Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a partnership approach to forest management between local communities and state forest departments in India, with policies detailed in the 1988 National Forest Policy and 1990 JFM Guidelines. Under JFM, village forest committees and forest departments sign agreements where villagers protect forests in exchange for forest products and revenue sharing. JFM began accidentally in West Bengal in 1971 and has since expanded across India with varying implementations between states.
This presentation, delivered by Dede Rohadi to the Delegation from Ethiopia, outlines the current and historical state of forestry in Indonesia. Topics include forest extent, administration, and policies.
This document provides a brief history of forest management in Nepal categorized into 6 phases from before 1926 AD to the present. It discusses the transition from exploitation and state control in early phases to more participatory and conservation-focused approaches today. Key events include nationalizing forests in 1957, establishing the community forestry program in 1978, and developing the Forest Policy 2000 and Scientific Forest Management Guideline 2014 to promote community-based and sustainable practices. The history shows evolving strategies to balance forest resource use and protection through policies and local involvement.
WP003 An Ecological and Environmental Reconnaissance,J PayneJunaidi Payne
This document provides a summary of an ecological survey of the Meratus forest in Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah, Indonesia. The survey found that the topography varies greatly, with steep slopes above 70% in some areas. Vegetation types ranged from non-irrigated rice fields below 600m to montane mossy forest above 1300m. Hill dipterocarp forest dominated between 900-1000m, while Agathis forest occurred from 900-1100m. Most forest above 700m appears natural and undisturbed. The Meratus forests represent some of the best remaining natural forests in South Kalimantan and require careful management.
The document discusses the history and evolution of forest management in India, with a focus on Kerala. [1] It describes how forest management transitioned from decentralized local control to centralized government control under British rule. [2] Kerala then introduced a joint forest management (JFM) model in 1998 to involve local communities in sustainable forest management through institutions like VSS committees. [3] The JFM model in Kerala aims to balance conservation and meeting local needs through participatory decision making.
Criticising Nepal's Highly Successful Community Forestry is a NO-NO in mainstream environmental discourse of Nepal but here my students are encouraged to critique even so called successful sustainable development programs such as community forestry in Nepal.
This document discusses how agroforestry can be mainstreamed in biodiversity conservation efforts. It outlines several ways that agroforestry contributes to biodiversity conservation by reducing pressure on natural forests, providing habitat, and serving as a benign land use matrix. The document argues that landscape-scale approaches that integrate protected areas, agroforestry, and other land uses are needed. It provides examples of agroforestry practices that embody conservation principles like maintaining genetic diversity and enhancing ecological processes. Finally, it proposes several options for mainstreaming agroforestry, such as linking it to conservation planning, expanding agroforestry options, and strategic alliances between agroforestry and conservation organizations.
WP004 Trees in Hulu Tabalong , J Payne, Jun 01(E) Junaidi Payne
This document provides recommended local names for trees to be used in forest inventory work in the upper Tabalong area of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It summarizes work conducted from October 1999 to March 2001 to develop a consistent naming system. The report recommends a list of local tree names for use in all future inventory by PT Aya Yayang Indonesia. It also includes a key for identifying non-dipterocarp tree genera in the field based on bark characteristics. The recommended names aim to balance consistency with names already used locally while introducing standardized names for trees lacking names or with inconsistent naming.
1) The document discusses a case study of leasehold forestry in Hadikhola VDC, Makwanpur District of Nepal and its role in poverty alleviation.
2) Key findings show that average household income and livestock ownership increased significantly for lessee households after participating in the leasehold forestry program. However, some income inequality remained.
3) Participation in the program reduced work burdens, increased food security and decision-making power for women, while opening opportunities to improve livelihoods through livestock raising and vegetable farming.
- Traditional forest management in India involved decentralized control by local communities until the 19th century when the British declared forests as government lands.
- In the late 20th century, unsustainable commercial exploitation led to massive deforestation, restricting forest resources for rural communities.
- Joint Forest Management (JFM) policies began in the 1980s and 1990s to involve local communities in forest protection and management, establishing institutions like Village Forest Committees.
- Kerala's JFM model includes different institutions for different forest areas, like Vanasamrakshana Samithis for reserved forests and Adivasi Vanasamrakshana Samithis for tribal forest areas.
Vanashakti educational and Outreach ActivitesVanashakti
Vanashakti is an NGO that focuses on conservation, environmental education, and sustainable livelihoods. It conducts various activities in urban and rural areas of Maharashtra to promote environmental awareness. In urban areas, activities include beach cleanups, mangrove censuses, educational programs in schools, and restoration activities. In rural areas, activities involve environmental sensitization workshops for tribal students and environmental education programs for tribal communities to conserve biodiversity in Wada Taluka.
This document provides a progress report for Vanashakti, an environmental NGO, from September 2010 to July 2012. It summarizes their key activities under conservation, coasts, Western Ghats, and environmental education and outreach programs. Some highlights include successfully advocating for the designation of Thane Creek as a Flamingo Sanctuary, litigation to protect mangroves in Sewri from destruction, organizing workshops and cleanups around World Wetland Day, and running long-term environmental education programs for tribal communities in Wada taluka.
Co-Management of forest resources in MalawiFMNR Hub
Co-management of forest resources in Malawi aims to reduce deforestation and poverty by giving local communities decision-making power over surrounding forests. A 2003 program established co-management partnerships in reserves like Zomba-Malosa to sustainably manage forests for subsistence needs. Impacts included improved livelihoods through natural resource access and management training. However, challenges include elite capture of benefits, unclear revenue sharing, and lack of participation from all community members and stakeholders. Continued support of co-management initiatives is needed alongside improved monitoring, transparency, and broader awareness and involvement.
Vanashakti is a Mumbai based non profit Environmental NGO. Our thrust areas are Forest and Wetland Conservation, Environment Education and Sustainable Livelihoods for marginalized rural communities.
Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project in KPAlee Shah
The document outlines the Green Growth Initiative by the KP government in Pakistan to promote environmentally sustainable development. It focuses on six areas: forestry, protected areas, clean energy, climate resilience, water/sanitation, and waste management. A key part of the initiative is the Billion Trees Tsunami Afforestation Project, which aims to plant trees across KP province. The project will be implemented in two phases, with phase one focusing on establishing nurseries, plantations, and forest closures to promote natural regeneration. It involves partnerships between the forestry department and local communities.
Institutionalizing interaction between local people and protection forest a m...Alexander Decker
1. The document discusses a study evaluating a forest stewardship program in Mount Arjuna, Indonesia that aims to change local communities' threatening attitudes toward the protected forest.
2. The study finds that local communities engage in illegal wood removal, land use change, charcoal making, and forest fires in the protected area due to seeing it as an open access area with no enforcement of rules.
3. The forest stewardship program involves reforestation and appointing local stewards to care for planted areas in exchange for livestock. However, the integrated economic programs proposed have failed due to incompatibility with local practices or being too complex.
The Billion Trees Tsunami Afforestation Project in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa aims to rehabilitate forests and increase the forest resource base. It establishes central and private nurseries to grow over 500 million saplings, which are planted on 10,000 hectares of land. The project also focuses on protecting newly planted forests by training and hiring local communities as forest guards. Overall, the project has planted over 872 million seedlings across the province by 2017, with a high survival rate of 88.75%.
This 3 bedroom, 1.5 bathroom cape home located at 7121 CHEROKEE RDR in Richmond, Virginia is for sale for $250,000. The home features hardwood floors, crown molding, a wood-burning brick fireplace, screened side porch, wrought iron railings, and a stylish kitchen with granite countertops. The second level contains 3 bedrooms including a master bedroom with a walk-in closet. The backyard includes a new rear fence and a built-in deck bench.
The document proposes a public space design with a tropical theme for an open plaza at the Ramayana Pavillion in Grand Indonesia, Jakarta. Greenery and lush landscaping would be incorporated to create a welcoming space for visitors.
Seminar ini membahas peran Kamar Dagang dan Industri (KADIN) dalam menangani konflik sumber daya alam di Indonesia dengan meningkatkan kapasitas para pelaku bisnis swasta, pemerintah, dan masyarakat. Tujuannya adalah mendorong investasi berkelanjutan di sektor lahan serta mengurangi konflik dengan meningkatkan pemahaman tentang hukum adat, mediasi, dan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. KADIN berperan sebagai fas
Konflik Agraria Musi Banyuasin: Perlu Penanganan Serius!
Kebijakan investasi melalui penggunaan tanah skala luas menghasilkan ketimpangan penguasaan lahan dan juga menuai konflik agraria dan kemiskinan.
Goal setting is the ladder to success in our life and often we face road blocks in setting our goals. This entire presentation is about the importance of goals setting and today how modern technology helps us in achieving our goals.
This document discusses the use of remote sensing technology to evaluate the impact of participatory forest management programs on forest cover in West Bengal, India. It provides background on the history of forest management in West Bengal, including the initiation of social forestry and joint forest management programs in the 1980s to involve local communities. The study aims to develop a methodology using remote sensing for rapid, real-time monitoring of forest and tree cover across West Bengal to assess the effectiveness of these participatory programs. Conventional monitoring methods are time-consuming and can be outdated, so remote sensing allows for more timely evaluation to guide management decisions.
1. The document discusses using remote sensing and GIS technology to assess forest and tree cover in West Bengal in real-time. This would help evaluate social forestry and afforestation programs as well as formulate REDD+ projects.
2. West Bengal has a long history of forest management but large areas became degraded due to population pressures. Social forestry projects launched in the 1980s helped regenerate forests through community involvement.
3. Remote sensing could help overcome issues with conventional monitoring which is time-consuming and data may lag implementation. Near real-time assessment of forest cover is needed to properly oversee programs and make corrections if needed.
This document provides an overview of the Mgori Forest community-based natural resource management program in Singida District, Tanzania. It describes the biophysical characteristics of the Mgori Forest and the establishment of the community management program in 1995 with support from external donors and consultants. The program has been largely successful, with forest regeneration occurring and returns of wildlife. However, some ongoing issues include lack of formal approval of village bylaws, boundary disputes with neighboring districts, and lack of resources for forest patrols and protection activities. Effective governance, addressing economic needs, and sustainable biophysical management are keys to the long-term success of the program.
The document summarizes the key Indian forest policies from 1894 to the present draft 2018 policy. It discusses the objectives and features of each policy over time. The main points are:
1) The 1894 policy was India's first forest policy under British rule and focused on revenue generation over conservation. The 1952 policy emphasized maintaining 1/3 of land as forest and balancing human needs.
2) The 1988 policy aimed to ensure environmental stability and ecological balance. The 2016 draft reinforced tribal rights and introduced urban forest management.
3) The current 2018 draft policy draft focuses on livelihood security, maintaining 1/3 forest cover nationally and 2/3 in hills, and conservation of biodiversity through preservation and rehabilitation of natural forests
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
This document discusses the destruction of mangrove forests in the District of Jailolo, West Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province, Indonesia. The mangrove forests in this area are being rapidly destroyed through the local community's utilization of wood from the mangroves for firewood, building materials, and conversion of mangrove areas to fishponds. This destruction threatens the region's coastal protection, marine life habitats, and livelihoods of local fishermen. The document calls for conservation education programs in local schools to increase awareness of the importance of mangrove forest protection.
Community based forest management in buru, taraba state, nigeriaAlexander Decker
1) The Nigerian Conservation Foundation and Royal Society for Protection of Birds implemented a 5-year participatory forest management project in Buru Community forest in Taraba State, Nigeria to address deforestation issues.
2) The project established a community-based governance structure for the forest and provided training to improve livelihoods through sustainable forest product harvesting and alternative income generating activities.
3) A volunteer patrol group was formed to monitor the forest and biodiversity, and their efforts led to no commercial logging and reduced poaching since the project began.
This document discusses research on the relationship between mangrove forest health and community welfare in Margasari Village, Indonesia. The study assessed mangrove forest health using Forest Health Monitoring methods. It measured indicators like productivity, vitality, and site quality. It also examined indicators of community welfare like health, education, housing, and environment. The results showed the average mangrove forest health was moderate. Specifically, there were relationships found between forest health and the community welfare indicators of health and nutrition, education, and housing and environment. The research aims to help optimize forest use for community welfare while maintaining good forest conditions.
1) The document discusses a study on the relationship between mangrove forest health and community welfare in Margasari Village, Indonesia.
2) The study assessed mangrove forest health using Forest Health Monitoring methods and measured indicators of community welfare.
3) The results showed that the average health of mangrove forests in the village was moderate. Indicators of community welfare related to forest health were health and nutrition, education, and housing and environment.
This policy brief was published by the Center for Social Forestry Mulawarman University with support by the Asia Foundation, and the UK Climate Change Unit with assistance from Epistema Institute.
[Challenge:Future] GuineaEffects of Logging in Papua New Guinea Effects of Lo...Challenge:Future
The document discusses the negative environmental, social, and economic impacts of logging by Rimbunan Hijau in Sogeram, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Logging has severely impacted the local community by reducing food security as wild meats and fish have declined, contaminating water sources, destroying economic food crops, and increasing social problems. While the PNG government has policies aimed at sustainable forestry, illegal and unsustainable logging continues to damage forests and livelihoods. The document recommends empowering local communities through walkabout sawmills and supporting downstream wood processing as more environmentally friendly alternatives.
RSPO NPP SUMMARY OF SEIA AND HCV ASSESSMENT_OLAM PALM GABON_MOUILA LOT 2(1)Peter M. Umunay
This document provides a summary of social and environmental impact assessments and high conservation value assessments conducted for Olam Palm Gabon's Mouila Lot 2 oil palm concession in Gabon. Forest inventory identified 4 main forest types and over 300 plant species. No primary forest, peat soils or HCV areas requiring protection were found. Social assessments identified customary resource areas and potential village impacts. Management recommendations were made to protect identified conservation and community values during plantation development in accordance with RSPO New Planting Procedures.
The document discusses sustainable forest management through the example of SUDECOR forest concession in the Philippines. It describes how SUDECOR implemented selective logging and reforestation over 40+ years to maintain 92% forest cover, including diverse dipterocarp and wildlife populations. Experts affirmed that SUDECOR demonstrated biodiversity conservation and regeneration are compatible with development through proper forest management. However, a 2011 log ban led to widespread illegal logging and land conversion in the concession and loss of forest quality elsewhere in the Philippines without sustainable practices.
Forest and Wildlife resources are of great significance to millions of people, especially those whose livelihoods largely depend on them. These resources play a key role in protecting the environment and are of tremendous importance to the sustainable development of every country. Forest and Wildlife resources policies and institutions are critical to achieving sustainable forest management. Recognizing the importance of forest and wildlife resources and the need for appropriate measures to optimize their utilization and management in Ghana, various past governments formulated policies for developing a national forest estate, wildlife sites and a timber industry that guarantee a full range of sustainable benefits for the population. However, most of the forest and wildlife policies have failed to address the fundamental challenges of forest and wildlife management in the country.
The document outlines reforms to Peru's forest sector legislation and institutions to promote sustainable forest management, including establishing a new forest zoning system, mechanisms for communities and companies to access forest resources, efforts to reduce deforestation and illegal logging, and initiatives to improve forest monitoring and transparency.
Preconditions for Economic Growth, Poverty Reduction and Prosperity for All t...Environmental Alert (EA)
This is a Joint Civil Society Position on the Environment and Natural Resources sector performance, published ahead of the annual joint sector review for the Water and Environment sector for the financial year 2008/09. It highlights the contributions of the Environment and Natural Resources Civil Society Organizations to the sector. Furthermore, it presents the challenges in the sector and associated recommendations for addressing them.
The document discusses conservation efforts in the Western Ghats region of India, which contains high biodiversity. It describes the Western Ghats' ecology, protected areas that have been established, and ongoing threats such as industry, roads, agriculture, and tourism. Conservation schemes implemented by state governments are also summarized, such as the Western Ghats Development Program and Intensification of Forest Management.
Pritam Bhattacharjee, Dr. Pralay Ganguly
Sundarban is world famous for its mangrove vegetation and is approximately of 10,000 sq km in area in the northern Bay of Bengal, which is also designated as world heritage site by UNESCO in the year 1987. It is the home of several animals and plant species, specially the mangrove trees (Sundari) and Royal Bengal tiger of this forest is world famous. Mangroves functions as a buffer against frequently occurring cyclones and helps to protect South Bengal specially Kolkata and southern part of Bangladesh. But now a day due to the climate change and repetitive cyclone occurring every year, Sundarban faces lots of challenges, with rising sea level- island are disappearing, salinity of water increasing day by day in addition of that there have been a major disturbances to hydrological parameters, changing fishing patterns are resulting disastrous consequences for the fisher man. Frequent cyclones and erratic monsoon damaging ecology, humidity, livelihood as well as ecotourism. The objective of this research is to focus the area of Sundarban and its potentials, challenges and probable solution to overcome the situation as well as the impact of mangrove degradation on local people and tourism. Here we use some data and statistics to understand the situation better. In this process researcher collected data from 130 respondents in the study area and further analysis has been taken through percentage method, statistical tools like t test with the help of software like SPSS, MS excel etc to conclude. Study findings suggest that significance difference exists on profile base of residents due to environmental degradation and minimize the negative impacts on same could bring a prosperous livelihood for residents
Accommodating the Interest of Local Community in Resolving ConflictsRidho Taqwa
This document discusses a case study of conflicts between a local community and the government over the development of a wildlife area in Bentayan, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The establishment of the wildlife area restricted the community's access to natural resources they had traditionally used. Several conflict resolution attempts were made but failed to satisfy both parties. The study proposes a new conflict resolution model developed through dialogue between stakeholders to better accommodate the interests of the community and government through the Natural Resources Conservation Center. This model aims to provide a framework for managing forests and wildlife areas that considers the needs of local societies.
This document discusses using a landscape approach and sustainable management of bamboo and rattan forests to benefit both biodiversity and people. It provides examples of WWF projects in China and Southeast Asia that promote certification of bamboo and rattan forests, restoration of degraded lands, and alternative livelihoods for local communities. The challenges of supporting smallholders and SMEs are also outlined. Businesses are encouraged to invest in innovation and build trust with local partners to source bamboo and rattan sustainably.
Similar to Policy brief-pena-psap-konphalindo-english (20)
This paper examines the gender dimensions of control over customary forests and territories through state policy support, markets, and various forms of coercive power and legitimacy. The involved parties are not limited to state institutions and market actors, but also elites at the community level, and close relatives.
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Policy brief-pena-psap-konphalindo-english
1. Policy brief
Establishing Collaborative Management for Batu Ampar’s
Mangrove Forest
Vol. 1/2014
1
Mangroves forests located in the Batu Ampar sub-district are
the largest in West Kalimantan. These mangroves forests are
threatened by destruction. A central and regional policy that
enables protection, production and participation is needed to
maintain and protect these forests.
To date, many actors have been involved in the management
of Batu Ampar’s mangroves forests. The central and regional
government have established a mangroves management pol-
icy for Batu Ampar. This legislation about mangrove forests
has been interpreted in various different ways resulting in a
gap between regulation and practise. There is also competi-
tion between companies and local communities related to use
of mangroves forests. Companies are issued business permits
for timber forest product exploitation in nature forest
(IUPHHK-HA) by the Ministry of Forestry, while many com-
munities use forests for producing traditional charcoal. All of
this contributes to reductions in the quality of forest cover in
Batu Ampar’s mangroves forests.
This study supports a community based forest management
approach for Batu Ampar’s mangroves forests. The Ministry
of Forestry has released several community based forest
management policy options. One of the options that has been
tried by the Kubu Raya regional government is to issue com-
munity plantation forest (HTR) permits. The unclear bounda-
ries over protection and production forest in Batu Ampar
make it difficult to know when HTR can be used as an option.
There is also a difference in perception between companies
and communities in relation to the boundaries of the protec-
tion forest zone. A company holding an IUPHHK-HA permit,
for example, has declared forests within their concession to
be protection forest area to limit local people from accessing
the area. Interestingly, the community are not able to access
government information on the status of the forest zone.
Other problems in Batu Ampar are the absence of implemen-
tation of integrated mangroves management policies. The Na-
tional Mangroves Ecosystems Management Strategy has not
worked in Batu Ampar. Similarly, the district government ini-
tiative to form a multiparty forum that was outlined in the
Regional Mangroves Working Group has not developed.
Observing the real problems that occur with mangroves eco-
systems and inter-actor relations, this study recommends
setting up a collaborative policy for mangroves forest man-
agement. To achieve this objective, revitalising the Regional
Mangroves Working Group is a potential entry point. We be-
lieve that the working group must promote a community
based forest management approach with the principles of
good forest and land governance. This means that transpar-
ency, participation, accountability, coordination and capacity
should be the central principles for all parties involved in the
working group.
Revitalising the Regional
Mangroves Working
Group (KKMD) is an entry
point for establishing
collaborative, community
based mangroves
management.
Executive Summary
2. 2
2
Mangroves forests in Indonesia make up 59.8% of all man-
groves in South East Asia, thus constituting the largest ex-
panse of mangroves forests in the region (Geisen et al,
2006:2). The results of a mangroves area mapping exercise by
Bakosutarnal in 2009 indicates that the West Kalimantan
mangroves are a total of 149,344 hectares, the fifth largest
area after Papua, East Kalimantan, Riau and South Sumatra
(www.indonesiawetlands.org).
The widest area of mangroves in West Kalimantan are in
Kupu Raya; home to 66% of all the provinces’ mangroves for-
ests. The largest area of mangroves in Kubu Raya are in the
sub-district of Batu Ampar. The results of a mapping exercise
by the Bogor Agriculture Institute (IPB) states that Batu Am-
par’s mangroves forests are 65,585 hectares in total, consist-
ing of 33,402 hectares of protection forests and 32,183 hec-
tares of production forests (Subchi et al 2012). The Batu Am-
par mangroves forests are located in estuaries and water
ways of the Kapuas River. These forests are dominated by
Rhizophora apiculate, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, and Xylocarups
granatum tree species.
Based on the Ministry of Forestry decree No. 936/Menhut-
II/2013 (see image 2), the designation of the forest zone in
the Batu Ampar village consists of protection forest (HL), lim-
ited production forests (HPT), production forest that can be
converted (HPT) and area for other uses (APL). The protec-
tion forest consists of an area of 8,551 hectares in the Kera-
wan valley, in Kubu Raya district, West Kalimantan, that was
established through Ministry of Forestry decree No. 127/
Menhut-II/2013 about the designation of four integrated pro-
tection forest zones.
The older citizens of the Batu Ampar village tell how they
once hunted fish, crabs and shrimp along the Kapuas River
that flowed past their village. The communities also used
mangroves timber to produce charcoal. When Japan settled
Indonesia, mangroves forests were opened by communities to
harvest timber for making charcoal. At first only a few people
produced charcoal. Now charcoal production is increasing,
resulting in it being harder to find fish, crabs, and shrimp. The
community suspects that the reductions in fish, crab and
shrimp populations are the result of the loss of mangroves
ecosystems in the area.
External parties also use Batu Ampar village’s natural re-
sources. A number of forest permits operate in this area. In
the production forest area, the Ministry of Forestry issued
IUUPHK-HA permits to several companies. One of these com-
panies that is currently operating is Bios Ltd. This company
received permits for 10,100 hectares of land, valid until 2021.
Bios Ltd uses the mangroves forests as raw material to supply
the pulp industry.
The community critiqued the presence of Bios Ltd for their
destruction of Batu Ampar’s mangroves forests, by using a
logging approach that causes land clearing. The community
reversely uses a selective logging approach for using man-
groves timber. The community only cuts trees that are more
than 20 centimetres in diameter.
Based on our observations, Bios Ltd’s logging methods are
causing large-scale perturbation about the diminishing qual-
ity of mangroves forests. To add to the problem, reforestation
in the former Bios Ltd logging sites has changed mangrove
forests ecosystems, as the dominant species (99%) are X.
Granatum trees. X. Granatum tree roots are not good habitat
for shrimp larvae, fish and crabs. Large-scale logging of man-
groves forests is causing a shift in species in mangroves trees
from the R. Apiculata to X. Garanatum. These changes have
caused mangroves forests in Batu Ampar to lose one of the
ecosystems, which are feeding grounds and nursery habitat
for shrimp larvae, fish and crabs. Reversely, small scale log-
ging of mangroves forests, around 0.25 hectares, does not al-
ter mangroves forest species ecosystems.
Small-scale logging can protect the biodiversity of mangroves
forests in Batu Ampar. Bios Ltd does not only log but also
does reforestation of mangroves areas. Based on our observa-
tion however, mangroves that are planted by Bios Ltd are
only a single species; rizhopora. In several of Bios Ltd former
logging sites, the mangroves that are growing tend to be only
Nyirih tree species. This has changed the structure and com-
position of mangroves’ biodiversity and resulted in a large
ecological gap.
The Batu Ampar’s mangrove forest: Status and condition
Image 1. Batu Ampar residents and a researcher examine the status of
mangroves forests in Batu Ampar (October, 2013).
3. 3
Policy gap, perceptions and practices with
mangroves forest management
Presidential regulation No. 73/2012 about the National Strat-
egy for Mangroves Management is a guideline for the central
government, the regional government, business and commu-
nities in mangroves management in Indonesia. One of the ac-
tions to implement the National Strategy for Mangroves Man-
agement was to form a Regional Mangroves Working Group,
which was started in 2012, however in reality it has not been
active.
Integrated mangroves forest management in Batu Ampar was
a decision by the Forestry Agency in partnership with Bogor-
based NGO LPP Mangroves. As with the Regional Mangroves
Working Group, this initiative has not been successful. Man-
groves forest management policies have not yet been imple-
mented effectively, and policies that allow for mangroves ex-
ploitation continue, demonstrated by the logging operations
of IUPHHK-HA holders. Communities that use mangroves and
that depend on mangroves ecosystems have not yet obtained
legal protection. The perception of actions towards the exis-
tence of mangroves forests differs. One of the problems is the
perception of the limited function of the forest system in Batu
Ampar. As mentioned in previous sections, the Ministry of
Forestry issued decree No.127/Menhut-II/2013 about desig-
nating the four integrated conservation forest zones in the
Kerawan valley in the Kubu Raya district, in West Kalimantan.
Neither the communities nor the Kubu Raya district govern-
ment knows the boundaries of the protection forest. For both
sides, information about the limitations of the protection for-
est system is important as it has implications for the limita-
tions of community access for the area. This contrasts with
the Kubu Raya Forestry Agency that wants to encourage the
issuing of Community Plantation Forests (HTR) for communi-
ties. In line with regulations for forestry regulations, permits
are only given for production forest use.
In the midst of this community and regional government con-
fusion over forest boundaries, Bios Ltd put up a signpost writ-
ten ‘Protection Forest’ in the surrounding area. The company
said that they are obligated to separate 43% of the area for
conservation purposes. However, the company cannot clarify
if the area marked with a Protection Forest sign is a part of
their concession area or not. The community are not sure
whether the area is state protection forest or a company pro-
tection forest.
Urgency for a community based forest
management approach
Involving communities in forest management (known as com-
munity based forest management; CBFM) has become a policy
of the Ministry of Forestry. This encompasses all community
empowerment approaches such as community plantation for-
estry (HTR), community forestry, and village forestry. This
study recommends that a collaborative approach that puts
the community as actors to protect rights, institutions and
forest management practices is needed for mangrove forest
management in Batu Ampar.
CBFM approaches for mangroves forests need to fulfil the fol-
lowing governance aspects:
1. Recognition of local community mangroves forest manage-
ment practices through the formation of village regulations.
2. Government policies for involving local communities in
mangroves forest management.
Image 2. A map indicating where the forest zone has changed to become non-forest zone as well as changes to the function of the forest zone;
and changes to the non-forest zone areas that have become forest zone area in West Kalimantan
(Source: Ministry of Forestry decree No. 936/Menhut-II/2013).
Function of the forest
zone before changes
Natural Forest Zone (KSA/
KPA)
Protection Forest (HL)
Limited Production Forest
(HPT)
Production Forest (HP)
Production Forest for
conversion (HPK)
Area for other uses (APL)
4. 4
3. Forest resource management that involves various inter-
ested stakeholders.
4. Mangroves forest management that has environmental,
economic, and social cultural links.
Taking a CBFM approach can provide double profits. First, ac-
commodating the aspirations of communities in mangroves
management benefit communities and make for easier man-
agement. The second benefit is that it shares responsibilities
with communities for mangroves protection. It also offers im-
portant benefits to community welfare. Doing this requires
the involvement of many different parties to discuss issues of
control and access to mangroves. Companies will benefit as
the sustainability of their raw materials will be secured. One
potential disadvantage for companies is losses from not being
able to do forest clearing as they had previously.
There have been attempts to establish CBFM since LPP Man-
groves started in 2003. However this stopped when there
were changes in administration and funds for the support
program were discontinued. There is potential for starting up
a CBFM model in the village with funding support and com-
mitment from all parties.
Summary
Management practices, overseeing, ownership and use of
mangroves forests in Batu Ampar – specifically and gener-
ally in the Kubu Raya district – experience dynamic move-
ment as a result of direct economic, social cultural and po-
litical interventions.
Several actors are involved in mangroves forests manage-
ment, these are communities, non-government organisa-
tions, local government (village, district and provincial),
central government and companies. Each actor has differ-
ent levels of involvement at different intensities.
The Indonesian government has strengthened its commit-
ment to managing mangroves. This is demonstrated by the
issuing of the Presidential Instruction No. 73/2012 about
the National Mangroves Ecosystem Management Strategy.
This regulation forms a guideline and basis for the central
and regional government, businesses and communities in
Indonesia’s mangroves management. Yet many gaps re-
main between the legal regulation and the reality of man-
groves management.
Recommendations
This study indicates that there are various interests that im-
pact on mangroves management in Batu Ampar. For this a
sustainable management system is needed that involves all
parties (collaborative mangroves management). Specifically,
we recommend that:
Local communities practice sustainable mangroves man-
agement. To do this, alternative income resources besides
traditional charcoal industry need to be developed.
The Kubu Raya district government needs to develop a col-
laborative CBFM model for Batu Ampar mangroves forests.
In implementation, the district government needs to con-
sider good governance principles including transparency,
participation, accountability, coordination and law enforce-
ment. The first step for implementing this collaborative
management is to start a Regional Mangroves Working
Group.
To provide a strong legal basis for collaborative manage-
ment, we recommend forming a regional or a village regu-
lation for mangroves management in Batu Ampar.
The central government needs to facilitate the implementa-
tion of the National Mangroves Ecosystem Management
Strategy in West Kalimantan, specifically for the Kubu Raya
district. Central government support is needed to support
this management strategy in Kubu Raya.
The government, specifically the Ministry of Forestry,
needs to ensure that permit holders using protection forest
based on the same ecological standards, and to ensure
mangroves forests are regenerated with the correct species
types.
NGOs need to support and encourage CBFM for mangroves
management in Batu Ampar.
Researchers:
- P.M. Laksono - Tjut S. Johan - Sumijati A.S.
- Suhardi - Irham - A. Supriyanto
- H. Gusti Zulkifli Mulki - Esti Anantasari - Chatarina P. Istiyani
- Jajang A. Sonjaya - Almira Rianty - Ruddy Gustave
- Puspita Kusuma - Angga N. Utama - Rinto
Cover Photo:
Mangroves roots in the Kubu Raya district.
Photo by the research team.
This policy brief was published by the PSAP
UGM, Perkumpulan Pena and Konphalindo
with support by the Asia Foundation, and
the UK Climate Change Unit with assistance
from Epistema Institute.
The opinions and findings expressed in this
policy brief are those of the researchers
involved and do not reflect those of the Asia
Foundation, UKCCU or Epistema Institute.
Supported by: Funded by: