A PowerPoint presentation covering the main headings to use in a police report: Source of Activity, Observations, Arrest
Booking, Medical Treatment, Evidence, Suspect Statements, Witness Statements, Victim Statements, Evidence, Property Taken, Injuries, Use of Force, Supplemental Charges, Additional Information. For police, law enforcement and private security personnel.
A PowerPoint presentation covering the main headings to use in a police report: Source of Activity, Observations, Arrest
Booking, Medical Treatment, Evidence, Suspect Statements, Witness Statements, Victim Statements, Evidence, Property Taken, Injuries, Use of Force, Supplemental Charges, Additional Information. For police, law enforcement and private security personnel.
Terrorism, one of the most widely discussed issues of the present time, remains as one of the least understood aspect. It exudes horror and fascinations, their shocking and unexpected character has captured headlines for years; It has become the most publicized form of political violence. But the serious study of terrorism still remains in its infancy and widely divergent views continue to prevail-with regard to its origins, its true impact on international politics and the forms it may assume in future.
Hate crime (also known as a bias-motivated crime or bias crime)[1] is a prejudice-motivated crime which occurs when a perpetrator targets a victim because of their membership (or perceived membership) of a certain social group or racial demographic.
Examples of such groups can include, and are almost exclusively limited to ethnicity, disability, language, nationality, physical appearance, religion, gender identity or sexual orientation.[2][3][4] Non-criminal actions that are motivated by these reasons are often called "bias incidents".
"Hate crime" generally refers to criminal acts which are seen to have been motivated by bias against one or more of the social groups listed above, or by bias against their derivatives. Incidents may involve physical assault, homicide, damage to property, bullying, harassment, verbal abuse (which includes slurs) or insults, mate crime or offensive graffiti or letters (hate mail).[5]
A hate crime law is a law intended to deter bias-motivated violence.[6] Hate crime laws are distinct from laws against hate speech: hate crime laws enhance the penalties associated with conduct which is already criminal under other laws, while hate speech laws criminalize a category of speech.
This ppt will help u in understanding hate crimes
Terrorism, one of the most widely discussed issues of the present time, remains as one of the least understood aspect. It exudes horror and fascinations, their shocking and unexpected character has captured headlines for years; It has become the most publicized form of political violence. But the serious study of terrorism still remains in its infancy and widely divergent views continue to prevail-with regard to its origins, its true impact on international politics and the forms it may assume in future.
Hate crime (also known as a bias-motivated crime or bias crime)[1] is a prejudice-motivated crime which occurs when a perpetrator targets a victim because of their membership (or perceived membership) of a certain social group or racial demographic.
Examples of such groups can include, and are almost exclusively limited to ethnicity, disability, language, nationality, physical appearance, religion, gender identity or sexual orientation.[2][3][4] Non-criminal actions that are motivated by these reasons are often called "bias incidents".
"Hate crime" generally refers to criminal acts which are seen to have been motivated by bias against one or more of the social groups listed above, or by bias against their derivatives. Incidents may involve physical assault, homicide, damage to property, bullying, harassment, verbal abuse (which includes slurs) or insults, mate crime or offensive graffiti or letters (hate mail).[5]
A hate crime law is a law intended to deter bias-motivated violence.[6] Hate crime laws are distinct from laws against hate speech: hate crime laws enhance the penalties associated with conduct which is already criminal under other laws, while hate speech laws criminalize a category of speech.
This ppt will help u in understanding hate crimes
This seminar focuses on developing a general use of force policy. The instruction includes methodologies and standards for developing a clearly prescriptive response to force incidents, including:
- applicable case law
- authority established by these cases
- application of these rulings
- policy documentation and reporting procedures
- supervisor responsibilities
- training requirements
122820211Chapter Two Defining Crimes and MeasurinCicelyBourqueju
12/28/2021
1
Chapter Two: Defining Crimes and
Measuring Criminal Behavior
-Slides and data in this outline are from Adler, Mueller, and Laufer (2007, 2013,
2018 & 2022); Siegel (2015); and modified by Manning (2007, 2013, 2015, 2018
& 2022).
Scared Straight Program – 1978 Rahway Max Prison
-Politically motivated –fit the get tough on crime bill
-Three year post experiment study shows evidence must be evidence based
-Criminologists embrace a systematic empirical study of the nature and extent of crime.
Example of successful criminology research based policy:
-Domestic violence research between 1981-82 shows police counseling and temporary separation was
not effective.
-Now there are more mandatory arrest being made.
7 Basic Requirements for an Act to be a Crime
Defense must prove failure of a basic requirement
• 1. The act requirement – mind & Body
• Conscious act not an unconscious act or reaction
• Not a status or condition
• 2. The legality requirement – prohibited by law
• Thoughts without action – no crime
• Choosing to not fill out sex registration forms – is a crime
• Good Samaritan?
• 3. The harm requirement
• 4. The causation requirement
• Behavior in question caused the harm – not a 3rd party
• 5. The mens rea requirement (guilty mind)
• 6. The concurrence requirement
• Must be a criminal act with criminal intent (Ex: striker – rock –window)
• Exceptions – felony murder
• 7. The punishment requirement – its must already exist
12/28/2021
2
Criminal defense negates basic ingredients of
crime.
• Crime – must be known to the police
• Not all crimes reported are cleared
• DA will not always prosecute
• Defense negation of crime elements examples:
• Insanity defense; legality requirement lacking; duress, self-defense.
• State tries cases on behalf of the state
• Victims can file civil law suits for pain and suffering
Typologies of Crime
• The French created the following three categories accepted
worldwide
• Felonies - severe
• Misdemeanors – minor
• Violation - fines
• As Criminologist we will also focus on the following
• Violent crime
• Crimes against property
• White collar and corporate crime
• Drug, alcohol and sex-related crime
12/28/2021
3
Reasons for Measuring Crime
• Researchers collect and analyze data to test theories about why
people commit crime.
• Researchers and criminal justice agencies need to enhance their
knowledge of the characteristics of various types of offenses.
• Criminal justice agencies depend on certain information to facilitate
daily operations and anticipate future needs.
The Research Process
• Topic – research question
• Theory: is a set of principles that explain how 2 or more phenomena
are related
• May choose to use a hypothesis or not.
• Methodology (qualitative vs. quantitative)
• Will you use secondary data or primary data
• Analysis
• What did you do, findings, discussions and conclusions
12/28/2021
4
Exploring and defin ...
12/28/2021
1
Chapter Two: Defining Crimes and
Measuring Criminal Behavior
-Slides and data in this outline are from Adler, Mueller, and Laufer (2007, 2013,
2018 & 2022); Siegel (2015); and modified by Manning (2007, 2013, 2015, 2018
& 2022).
Scared Straight Program – 1978 Rahway Max Prison
-Politically motivated –fit the get tough on crime bill
-Three year post experiment study shows evidence must be evidence based
-Criminologists embrace a systematic empirical study of the nature and extent of crime.
Example of successful criminology research based policy:
-Domestic violence research between 1981-82 shows police counseling and temporary separation was
not effective.
-Now there are more mandatory arrest being made.
7 Basic Requirements for an Act to be a Crime
Defense must prove failure of a basic requirement
• 1. The act requirement – mind & Body
• Conscious act not an unconscious act or reaction
• Not a status or condition
• 2. The legality requirement – prohibited by law
• Thoughts without action – no crime
• Choosing to not fill out sex registration forms – is a crime
• Good Samaritan?
• 3. The harm requirement
• 4. The causation requirement
• Behavior in question caused the harm – not a 3rd party
• 5. The mens rea requirement (guilty mind)
• 6. The concurrence requirement
• Must be a criminal act with criminal intent (Ex: striker – rock –window)
• Exceptions – felony murder
• 7. The punishment requirement – its must already exist
12/28/2021
2
Criminal defense negates basic ingredients of
crime.
• Crime – must be known to the police
• Not all crimes reported are cleared
• DA will not always prosecute
• Defense negation of crime elements examples:
• Insanity defense; legality requirement lacking; duress, self-defense.
• State tries cases on behalf of the state
• Victims can file civil law suits for pain and suffering
Typologies of Crime
• The French created the following three categories accepted
worldwide
• Felonies - severe
• Misdemeanors – minor
• Violation - fines
• As Criminologist we will also focus on the following
• Violent crime
• Crimes against property
• White collar and corporate crime
• Drug, alcohol and sex-related crime
12/28/2021
3
Reasons for Measuring Crime
• Researchers collect and analyze data to test theories about why
people commit crime.
• Researchers and criminal justice agencies need to enhance their
knowledge of the characteristics of various types of offenses.
• Criminal justice agencies depend on certain information to facilitate
daily operations and anticipate future needs.
The Research Process
• Topic – research question
• Theory: is a set of principles that explain how 2 or more phenomena
are related
• May choose to use a hypothesis or not.
• Methodology (qualitative vs. quantitative)
• Will you use secondary data or primary data
• Analysis
• What did you do, findings, discussions and conclusions
12/28/2021
4
Exploring and defin ...
This slideshow considers the privacy and ethical implication when dealing with criminal justice data. The dataset provided by the Bureau of Justice Statistics includes survey data from victims as well as compiles criminal stats. Issues with privacy are highlighted in this slideshare.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Interesting facts about the killing of black males by police officers
1. Examining the Prevalence ofExamining the Prevalence of
Deaths from Police Use of ForceDeaths from Police Use of Force
Richard Johnson, Ph.D.
Criminal Justice Program
University of Toledo
2. Public ConcernsPublic Concerns
Community reactions to three deaths of
African-American males by police
officers in the last year have raised
public concerns nationwide about the
prevalence of police use of deadly force
generally, and police use of deadly
force against African-American men
specifically.
3. Research QuestionsResearch Questions
This analysis sought to answer five research questions:
– How many deaths occur annually from police use of force?
– How does the frequency of deaths from police use of force
compare to other forms of homicide, suicide, and other unusual
events?
– How many deaths of black men occur annually from police use of
force?
– How does the frequency of black male deaths from police use of
force compare to other forms of homicide, suicide, and other
unusual events?
– How often should the police legitimately be using lethal force?
4. The DataThe Data
• The data consisted of all 56,259 homicides that were discovered
between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2012.
• This is the most recent federal data available on all homicides
reported within the United States.
• Homicide is defined as the intentional or negligent killing of one
person by another. It can include legal killings (such as justifiable
homicide), negligent accidents (such as a child playing with a
gun), and criminal killings (such as murder).
5. The DataThe Data
• The data for this analysis came from the 2009-2012 Uniform
Crime Report’s Supplemental Homicide Reports published
annually by the federal government.
• During this 4-year period, a total of 56,259 homicide victims were
reported in the U.S.
• The circumstances of these homicides were examined and
compared to U.S. Center for Disease Control data on other
causes of death, such as suicide and motor vehicle accidents.
They were also compared to National Weather Service data on
people struck by lightning.
6. Prevalence of Police-Related KillingsPrevalence of Police-Related Killings
• Of the 56,259 homicides from 2009-2012, 1,491 were the result
of police use of force.
• By comparison during that same time period:
– 755 were the result of negligent accident homicides (i.e., child
playing with a gun)
– 1,120 were justifiable homicides by citizens acting in self-defense
– 52,893 were criminal homicides (murders)
7. Prevalence of Police-Related KillingsPrevalence of Police-Related Killings
• This suggests yearly averages of:
– 372 persons killed each year by police use of force
• Compare this to the following averages:
– 189 persons killed each year in negligent accidents
– 280 persons killed each year in justifiable homicides by citizens
acting in self-defense
– 13,223 persons killed each year in criminal homicides (murders &
manslaughters)
8. Prevalence of Police-Related KillingsPrevalence of Police-Related Killings
• This suggests yearly averages of:
– 372 persons killed each year by police use of force
• Compare this to these additional averages:
– 35,900 persons killed each year in the U.S. in motor vehicle
accidents*
– 38,364 persons commit suicide in the U.S. each year**
– 373 persons are struck by lightning in the U.S. each year***
* National Safety Council, Itasca, IL, Injury Facts, (2012). http://www.nsc.org
** http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/statistics/aag.html
*** http://www.usatoday.com/weather/resources/basics/wlightning.htm
9. Prevalence of Police-Related KillingsPrevalence of Police-Related Killings
• As the U.S. population is 316,128,839 persons, here are
annual percentages:
– 0.012% of the U.S. population committed suicide last year
– 0.011% of the U.S. population died in a vehicle crash last year
– 0.004% of the U.S. population died in a criminal homicide last year
– 0.00012% of the U.S. population died from police use of force
last year
– 0.00012% of the U.S. population was struck by lightning last
year
– 0.00009% of the U.S. population was legally killed by a private
citizen in self-defense last year
10. Prevalence of Police-Related KillingsPrevalence of Police-Related Killings
• Research Question 1: How many deaths occur annually
from police use of force?
• Answer: On average, 372 persons die each year in the U.S.
from police use of force. This is less than the passenger
capacity of a Boeing 777 airliner.
11. Prevalence of Police-Related KillingsPrevalence of Police-Related Killings
• Research Question 2: How does the frequency of deaths
from police use of force compare to other forms of
homicide, suicide, and other unusual events?
• Answer: People are 103 times more likely to commit
suicide, 97 times more likely to be killed in a vehicle crash,
and 34 times more likely to be murdered by a criminal than
they are to die from police use of force.
12. Prevalence of Police-Related KillingsPrevalence of Police-Related Killings
• Research Question 2: How does the frequency of deaths
from police use of force compare to other forms of
homicide, suicide, and other unusual events?
• Answer: Deaths from police use of force occur about as
frequently as being struck by lightning.
13. Police-Related Killings and Black MalesPolice-Related Killings and Black Males
• Research Question: How many deaths of black men occur
annually from police use of force?
• Research Question: How does the frequency of black
male deaths from police use of force compare to other
forms of homicide, suicide, and other unusual events?
14. Police-Related Killings and Black MalesPolice-Related Killings and Black Males
• Of the 1,491 persons that died from police use of force
from 2009-2012:
– 915 (61.4%) were white males
– 481 (32.2%) were black males
– 48 (3.2%) were males of other races
– 28 (1.9%) were white females
– 15 (1.1%) were black females
– 4 (0.2%) were females of other races
• The majority of those who died from police use of force
during this time period were white males, not black males.
15. Police-Related Killings and Black MalesPolice-Related Killings and Black Males
• Of the 56,259 homicides from 2009-2012, 19,000 (33.8%) were
killings of black males.
• Comparisons by types of homicides of black males:
– 481 (2.5%) were the result of police use of force
– 152 (0.8%) were the result of a negligent accident homicides (i.e.,
child playing with a gun)
– 648 (3.4%) were the result of a justifiable homicides by private
citizens acting in self-defense
– 17,719 (93.3%) were criminal homicides (murders)
Private citizens killed a quarter more black males in justifiable
homicides than did police use of force
16. Police-Related Killings and Black MalesPolice-Related Killings and Black Males
• While only 6% of the U.S. population is identified as black and
male, 57.9% of the persons legally killed by a private citizen in
self-defense were black males.
• However, 73.1% of the black males legally killed by a citizen in
self-defense between 2009-2012 were killed by a black citizen.
• Heartbreakingly, due to a variety of societal factors, black males
are disproportionately involved in violent crime, especially
against black citizens.
17. Police-Related Killings and Black MalesPolice-Related Killings and Black Males
• 42.6% of victims of all solved criminal homicides from 2009-
2012 were black males
• 89.6% of black males killed in criminal homicides from 2009-
2012 were killed by another black male
• 40.6% of the police officers murdered in the line of duty from
2009-2012 were killed by black males*
• In spite of these statistics, only 32.2% of the deaths from police
use of force from 2009-2012 involved black males
* www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/leoka
18. Police-Related Killings and Black MalesPolice-Related Killings and Black Males
• These data suggest yearly averages of:
– 120 black males are killed each year by police use of force
• Compare this to the following averages:
– 38 black males are killed each year in negligent accidents
– 162 black males are killed each year in justifiable homicides by
citizens acting in self-defense
– 4,166 black males are killed each year in criminal homicides
(murders & manslaughters)
19. Police-Related Killings and Black MalesPolice-Related Killings and Black Males
• This suggests yearly averages of:
– 120 black males are killed each year by police use of force
• Compare this to these additional averages:
– 2,369 black males are killed each year in the U.S. in motor vehicle
accidents*
– 2,532 black males commit suicide in the U.S. each year**
– Race statistics are not available on lightning strikes***
* National Safety Council, Itasca, IL, Injury Facts, (2012). http://www.nsc.org
** http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/statistics/aag.html
*** http://www.usatoday.com/weather/resources/basics/wlightning.htm
20. Police-Related Killings and Black MalesPolice-Related Killings and Black Males
• As there are approximately 20,864,500 black males in the
U.S., here are annual percentages:
– 0.020% of all black males died in a criminal homicide last year
– 0.012% of all black males committed suicide last year
– 0.011% of all black males died in a vehicle crash last year
– 0.00078% of all black males died by a private citizen acting in
self-defense
– 0.00078% of all black males died from police use of force last
year
Black males in the U.S. are killed just as frequently by (mostly
black) private citizens acting in self-defense as they are
killed by police use of force.
21. Police-Related Killings and Black MalesPolice-Related Killings and Black Males
• Research Question 3: How many deaths of black men
occur annually from police use of force?
• Answer: Approximately 120 per year, or 1 out of every
173,871 black males in the U.S.
• Answer: Approximately equal to only a third of Americans
struck by lightning each year, which is 373.
22. Police-Related Killings and Black MalesPolice-Related Killings and Black Males
• Research Question 4: How does the frequency of black male
deaths from police use of force compare to other forms of
homicide, suicide, and other unusual events?
• Answer: While black males are disproportionately involved in
violent crime, the vast majority of people killed by police use
of force (67.8%) are not black males.
• Answer: Black males are 35 times more likely to be killed in a
criminal homicide, 20 times more likely to die in a vehicle
crash, 21 times more likely to commit suicide, and equally
likely to be killed in self-defense by a black citizen as they
are to be killed by the police.
23. Legitimate Police Use of Lethal ForceLegitimate Police Use of Lethal Force
• Research Question 5: How often should the police
legitimately be using lethal force?
• In other words, based on the limits of the law, how
frequently should we expect police use of lethal force to
legally occur?
24. Legitimate Police Use of Lethal ForceLegitimate Police Use of Lethal Force
• In Tennessee v. Garner (1985) and other cases, the U.S.
Supreme Court specified that the police officers may use lethal
force when reasonable and necessary to prevent imminent
serious bodily injury.
• The legal definition of serious bodily injury is:
“Injury that involves substantial risk of death, unconsciousness,
extreme physical pain, protracted and obvious disfigurement, or
protracted loss or impairment of the function of a bodily member,
organ, or mental faculty.”*
* www.lectlaw.com
25. Legitimate Police Use of Lethal ForceLegitimate Police Use of Lethal Force
• According to national statistics gathered by the FBI, from
2009-2012 a total of 58,207 police officers sustained
injuries from assaults and another 224 police officers were
murdered in the line of duty.*
• This is greater than the seating capacity of a typical college
football stadium.
* www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/leoka
26. Legitimate Police Use of Lethal ForceLegitimate Police Use of Lethal Force
• These figures suggest an annual average of
14,552 officers injured, and 56 officers killed each
year in assaults while on duty.
27. Legitimate Police Use of Lethal ForceLegitimate Police Use of Lethal Force
• Not all of the injuries sustained by police officers in these
assaults may meet the legal definition of serious bodily
injury, but many of them do.
• Furthermore, as lethal force may legally be used when
there is simply the threat of imminent serious bodily injury
without any injury actually resulting (such as pointing a
loaded gun at a police officer), the figures on officers
injured and killed are a very conservative estimate of
circumstances permitting the legitimate use of lethal force.
28. Legitimate Police Use of Lethal ForceLegitimate Police Use of Lethal Force
• So, while it can be estimated that police officers sustain
bodily injuries or death from assaults in approximately
14,600 incidents a year, in response only an average of
372 persons die each year as a result of police use of
force.
• This would suggest significant restraint on the part of
police officers nationwide with regard to the use of deadly
force, not an epidemic of police-initiated killings in the
U.S.
30. Questions to Address TogetherQuestions to Address Together
• Where does the false perception of widespread
police killings of citizens originate?
• What can the police and community members do
to reduce hostility and misunderstandings
between the police and community members?
• What can the police and community members do
together to reduce the heartbreaking reality of the
high suicide and violent crime rates among
African-American males in impoverished urban
areas?
31. Questions to Address TogetherQuestions to Address Together
• What can the police and the community do
together to reduce violent crime, especially
violent crime against members of the African-
American community?
• What can the police and community do to
maintain open communication about police uses
of force?
32. This presentation and analysis was prepared by:
Richard R. Johnson, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Criminal Justice Program
University of Toledo
2801 W. Bancroft St., MS 119
Toledo, OH 43606
Richard.Johnson4@utoledo.edu