The document proposes a Pluto Orbital Mission that would use a direct fusion drive (DFD) for propulsion and power. Key aspects include:
1) A DFD spacecraft would enter Pluto orbit 4 years after launch to map the surface with a laser-powered lander.
2) The DFD uses a field reversed configuration (FRC) plasma with D-He3 fuel to provide high power for science instruments and laser communications.
3) Experiments at PPPL are developing the FRC plasma and magnetic nozzle concepts, while Princeton Satellite Systems is performing mission design and engineering studies.
Conceptual design and architecture of turkish communication satellite turksat...Atılay Mayadağ
Preparing a preliminary report of new communication satellite of TUBITAK. In the project, there were studied launch system standarts of spacecrafts, communicated with launch companies and prepared a cost report. Also, researched satellite safety tests and listed relevant institutions. Finally, there was chosen a suitable adaptor to assemble the satellite into the spacecraft.
• Used Computer Skills : Systems Tool Kit, Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint
• Gained Social Skills : Ability to communicate, formulate and report in a clear understandable manner.
Conceptual design and architecture of turkish communication satellite turksat...Atılay Mayadağ
Preparing a preliminary report of new communication satellite of TUBITAK. In the project, there were studied launch system standarts of spacecrafts, communicated with launch companies and prepared a cost report. Also, researched satellite safety tests and listed relevant institutions. Finally, there was chosen a suitable adaptor to assemble the satellite into the spacecraft.
• Used Computer Skills : Systems Tool Kit, Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint
• Gained Social Skills : Ability to communicate, formulate and report in a clear understandable manner.
Orbit design for exoplanet discovery spacecraft dr dora musielak 1 april 2019Dora Musielak, Ph.D.
Most exoplanets have been discovered with space telescopes. Starting with an overview of rocket propulsion, this presentation introduces spacecraft trajectories in the Sun-Earth-Moon System, focusing especially on those appropriate for exoplanet detection spacecraft. It reviews past, present, and future exoplanet discovery missions.
The Phase-shift Turbine consists of a set of concentric coils, axially rotated from each other, and feed by phased RF sources, producing radial and longitudinal sequences, which results in helical moving force, ionizing intake gas/particle/ion, generating continuous unidirectional thrust. It was designed in order to operate in atmospheric environments, mainly during takeoff, and in space to reuse exhaust gases from chemical rockets to booster the overall ISP, enhancing utilization of both energy and propellant.
http://www.crossfirefusion.com/thruster
The Ion-propulsion engine or Ion thruster system’s efficient use of fuel and electrical power enables modern spacecraft to travel farther, faster, and cheaper than any other propulsion technology. Chemical rockets have a fuel efficiency up to 35%, but ion thruster have demonstrated fuel efficiencies over 90%. An ion thruster ionizes a neutral gas by extracting some electrons out of atoms, creating a cloud of positive ions. These thrusters rely mainly on electrostatics as ions are accelerated by the Coulomb force along an electric field. Temporarily stored electrons are finally reinjected by a neutralizer in the cloud of ions after it has passed through the electrostatic grid, so the gas becomes neutral again and can freely disperse in space without any further electrical interaction with the thruster.
A ppt to present small satellite like microsat,nanosat(JUGNU by IIT Kanpur) and Picosat.
in short i like to say Small satellite is that which weighs below 100 kg........for more pls read slides.
Orbit design for exoplanet discovery spacecraft dr dora musielak 1 april 2019Dora Musielak, Ph.D.
Most exoplanets have been discovered with space telescopes. Starting with an overview of rocket propulsion, this presentation introduces spacecraft trajectories in the Sun-Earth-Moon System, focusing especially on those appropriate for exoplanet detection spacecraft. It reviews past, present, and future exoplanet discovery missions.
The Phase-shift Turbine consists of a set of concentric coils, axially rotated from each other, and feed by phased RF sources, producing radial and longitudinal sequences, which results in helical moving force, ionizing intake gas/particle/ion, generating continuous unidirectional thrust. It was designed in order to operate in atmospheric environments, mainly during takeoff, and in space to reuse exhaust gases from chemical rockets to booster the overall ISP, enhancing utilization of both energy and propellant.
http://www.crossfirefusion.com/thruster
The Ion-propulsion engine or Ion thruster system’s efficient use of fuel and electrical power enables modern spacecraft to travel farther, faster, and cheaper than any other propulsion technology. Chemical rockets have a fuel efficiency up to 35%, but ion thruster have demonstrated fuel efficiencies over 90%. An ion thruster ionizes a neutral gas by extracting some electrons out of atoms, creating a cloud of positive ions. These thrusters rely mainly on electrostatics as ions are accelerated by the Coulomb force along an electric field. Temporarily stored electrons are finally reinjected by a neutralizer in the cloud of ions after it has passed through the electrostatic grid, so the gas becomes neutral again and can freely disperse in space without any further electrical interaction with the thruster.
A ppt to present small satellite like microsat,nanosat(JUGNU by IIT Kanpur) and Picosat.
in short i like to say Small satellite is that which weighs below 100 kg........for more pls read slides.
Project about Pluto for Planetary Geology 2010
I updated some information and pictures on this powerpoint on 10/16/12
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEheh1BH34Q
This presentation presents work on a revolutionary new compact nuclear fusion reactor. The second generation model is currently under test at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory.
A Presentation on Space Based Solar Power and the Different models proposed by some countries. Technological aspect and the future of Energy in the Global Scenario. Renewable Energy
Project report on LHC " Large Hadron Collider " MachineJyotismat Raul
This is a Project report on "LARGE HADRON COLLIDER MACHINE ". So just have a look and get some knowledge and Few known facts about this Mega new on demand topic.
THANK YOU
solar power satellite & microwave power transmissionbhavisha patel
In this seminar topic,I included all the things related SPS system & how microwave power transmission can done through magetron,retro directive beam controlling scheme & all.I also mentioned the design of optical rectenna & economic evolution of the topic.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
2. 2
Pluto Orbital Mission
10/7/13
! Enter Pluto orbit 4 years after Earth departure
! Carry a lander
- Deliver power to the lander from the orbiter
! While at Pluto change orbits to cover the entire
planet
! High power available onboard allows advanced
science and communications
- Provide high bandwidth laser communications back to
Earth
! Advance space propulsion and space and
terrestrial power
4. 4
PFRC Experiments at PPPL
8/4/15
! Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
performing experiments with DOE funding
- Concluded PFRC-1 a, b, c in 2011
- PFRC-2 operating now; goal is to demonstrate keV
plasmas with pulse lengths to 0.3 s
- MNX studies on plasma detachment in nozzle
! Princeton Satellite Systems performing mission
and trajectory design, space balance of plant
studies under IR&D
- Four joint PPPL/PSS patents
3 ms pulse*
0.15 kG field*
e-temp = 0.3 keV*
Machine
Objectives
Goals/
Achievements*
Plasma Radius
PFRC-1 PFRC-2 PFRC-3B
Electron Heating Ion Heating D-He3 Fusion
4 cm
0.1 s pulse*
1.2 kG field
i-temp = 1 keV
10 s pulse
80 kG field
i-temp = 50 keV
8 cm 16 cm
Time Frame 2008-2011 2011-2015 2019-2020
Total Cost $2M $6M $20M
PFRC-3A
Heating above 5 keV
10 s pulse
10 kG field
i-temp = 5 keV
16 cm
2015-2019
$20M
Fuel H H D-3HeH
6. 6
Thrust Augmentation
• H or D is used as a propellant- it flows along the magnetic field lines outside of the separatrix;
scrape-off layer (SOL) e- are heated by the fusion products that are ejected into the SOL;
e- energy transferred to ions in plume expansion
• This reduces the exhaust velocity of the fusion products from 25,000 km/s to ~50 km/s and
increases thrust to >20 N
• Thrust/Isp is adjustable based on rate that gas is injected into the gas box
• The exhaust plume is directed by a magnetic nozzle, consisting of a throat coil and nozzle coils to
accelerate the flow.
7. 7
Princeton Field Reversed Configuration (PFRC)
8/4/15
! Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) is core of
DFD
- Simple geometry with fewer coils
! RF heating with odd-parity rotating magnetic
fields naturally limits reactor size
- Plasma radius in range 20-40 cm
- Size of 1-10 MW which is ideal for space
! Confinement with high temperature
superconducting coils
! Burns aneutronic D and 3He with beta greater
than 0.8
! Linear configuration allows for
configuration as a rocket engine
! Magnetic Nozzle
! Add H or D+ to augment thrust
! Variable exhaust velocity
! 50 to 20,000 km/s
! P = 0.5 TuE/η, with η ∼0.5
Gas Box
Exhaust Plume
SOL Heating Section
Field Shaping
Box
Separatrix
Closed Field
Nozzle Coil
Propellant
D-He3 Fusion
Coils
Coil
Fueling
RMFo
Antenna
Region
Shielding
8. 8
Steerable Magnetic Nozzle
8/4/15
! Plume needs to be steered for momentum
management
- 1-2 degrees of deflection needed
! Seek magnetic methods as alternative to mechanical
gimbals for entire engine
- Expensive and heavy
! Steering coils downstream of nozzle throat, or
perhaps a tiltable plate to direct the flow
9. 9
Heat Engine
8/4/15
! Brayton cycle shown
- Ericsson cycle would have multi-stage
compressors and turbines
! Helium working fluid
! Mass is sum of heat engine
components and radiators
- Brayton efficiency of 63% possible
- Ericsson 74%
! Generator
- 28 V DC Generators used on aircraft
" Should be the same voltage as
required by the RF generator
11. 11
Mission Plan
8/4/15
! Direct insertion into interplanetary orbit by a Delta IV Heavy
or other launch vehicle
! 20 N thrust to change the velocity by 55 km/s
! Coast
! 20 N thrust to decelerate to intercept Pluto
! Spiral into polar Pluto orbit
! Map surface with altimeter
! Lander detaches and lands on surface
- Powered by laser from the orbiter
- Navigation uses maps generated during mapping phase
! Orbiter changes orbit as needed to survey the entire planet
! Possibly departs Pluto for the Kuiper belt
12. 12
Spacecraft
8/4/15
! Fits within Delta IV
Heavy fairing
! Within the mass
allowance for the Delta
IV
! Dual radiators
! Dual JPL Deep-Space
Optical Communication
System (DSOC) units
! Lander mounted on the
front
13. 13
Trajectory to Pluto
8/4/15
! July 2028 departure date
! Red line on second plot is the
Delta IV Heavy payload into
interplanetary orbit
! 4 year transfer shown below
- Blue circle is Earth orbits
! 110 km/sec Delta-V
! Nearly straight line
! No gravity assists
14. 14
GN&C
8/4/15
! Optical navigation used
throughout mission
- Developed under NASA SBIR
- Uses articulated camera
shown to the right and a new
sun radiance/chord sensor
! Attitude control uses RCS
system and DFD magnetic
nozzle steering
16. 16
Lander
8/4/15
! ECAPS 220 N engine
! 4 m2 solar panels for
orbital laser power
system
! Begins descent from 15
km
! Optimal guidance law
switches to combination
bang-bang/linear
controller for final
descent
17. 17
Laser Lander Power System
8/4/15
! Beam power by fiber laser
at 1080 nm
- Same as Navy LaWS
! Standard solar cells to
receive the power
- 30 kW transmitted power
- 0.4 m mirror
- 4 m2 solar cells on lander
- 2 DOF steerable array
! 31.9 Wh per pass
- Store in batteries
Princeton Satellite Systems
Power Per Pass = 31.9 Wh Wavelength 1080.0 nM
0 5 10 15 20 25
Power(kW/m
2
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Time (min)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance(km)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
18. 18
High Power Communications with Earth
8/4/15
! JPL Deep Space Optical Communications System
(DSOC)
! Compatible with the laser power system
! 135 Mbps from Pluto with 30 kW
19. 19
Work Plan
8/4/15
! Ion heating experiment at
PPPL (DOE Funding)
! Magnetic nozzle research at
PPPL (DOE Funding)
- Magnetic nozzle steering
! Mission analysis for the Pluto
mission
- Optimize power, thrust and
exhaust velocity for different
launchers
- Optimize trajectory
- Science payloads
! Spacecraft design
- System design
- Detailed designs
" Fuel tanks
" DFD engine design
" Radiator system
" GN&C
" Communications
! Lander Design
- GN&C
- Propulsion
- Power
- Science payloads
20. 20
Conclusions
8/4/15
! The Pluto Orbital Mission would be a new class of
exploration missions
- Cannot be achieved with any other technology
! Would expand on the knowledge gained by the New
Horizons mission
! The propulsion and power system would be applicable to
a wide range of missions and applications
- Human missions to Mars
- Robotic missions to the gas giants
- Interstellar missions
- Space and terrestrial power generation
21. 21
For More Information
8/4/15
Stephanie Thomas
sjthomas@psatellite.com
Michael Paluszek
map@psatellite.com
Dr. Samuel Cohen
scohen@pppl.gov
Princeton Satellite Systems
6 Market St. Suite 926
Plainsboro, NJ 08536
(609) 275-9606
http://www.psatellite.com
21
22. 22
References
8/4/15
Papers/Conferences
! Y. Razin et al., A direct fusion drive for rocket propulsion, Acta Astronautica, Vol. 105, Issue 1, December
2014, pp. 145-155
! M. Paluszek et al, Direct Fusion Drive for a Human Mars Orbital Mission , 65th INTERNATIONAL
ASTRONAUTICAL CONGRESS, Sept. 29-Oct. 3, 2014
! Joseph B. Mueller et al, Direct Fusion Drive Rocket for Asteroid Deflection, 33rd International Electric
Propulsion Conference, October 6–10, 2013
! G. Pajer, Y. Razin, M. Paluszek, A. H. Glasser, S. Cohn, Modular Aneutronic Fusion Engine, Space
Propulsion 2012, May 2012
! Modular Aneutronic Fusion Engine for an Alpha Centauri Mission, M. Paluszek, S, Hurley, G. Pajer, S.
Thomas, J. Mueller, S. Cohen, D. Welch, DARPA 100 Year Starship Conference, September 2011.
Patents
! M. Buttolph, D. Stotler and S. Cohen, “Fueling Method for Small, Steady-State, Aneutronic FRC Fusion
Reactors,” 61/873,651, filed September 4, 2013
! M. Paluszek, E. Ham, S. Cohen and Y. Razin, “In Space Startup Method for Nuclear Fusion Rocket Engines,”
61/868,629, filed August 22, 2013.
! S. Cohen, G. Pajer, M. Paluszek and Y. Razin, “Method to Produce High Specific Impulse and Moderate Thrust
From a Fusion-Powered Rocket Engine,” PCT/US2013/40520, filed May 10, 2013.
! S. Cohen, G. Pajer, M. Paluszek and Y. Razin, “Method to Reduce Neutron Production in Small Clean Fusion
Reactors,” PCT/US13/33767, filed March 25, 2013.