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please check my work Rank these Blackbody radiators from hottest to coldest? A,B,CC,B,AB,C,AB,A,C Which ball is in an equilibrium state P1P2 Both are at equilibrium Neither is at equilibrium Which is not a major factor impacting planetary equilibrium temperatures Albedo Solar Flux Heat capacity Distance from star (Sun) The flux of radiation from an object at a certain temperature that is less that what would be expected for a blackbody emission is called its albedo emissivity wein's displacement infrared absorption In the northern hemisphere, the Coriolis effect will cause air traveling southward to? deflect to the right deflect to the left become cyclonic travel in a straight line When an air parcel is lifted, and water vapor condenses Latent heat is released, parcel density increases, and its buoyancy decrease Latent heat is absorbed, parcel density increases, and its buoyancy decreases Latent heat is absorbed, parcel density decreases, and its buoyancy decreases Latent heat is released, parcel density decreases, and its buoyancy increases The indirect aerosol effect is aerosols not directly injected into the atmosphere aerosols directly injected into the atmosphere aerosols forming clouds that increase albedo aerosols forming clouds that decrease albedo The supply of water vapor to the atmosphere is controlled by Air temperatures Latent heat Sea surface temperatures Salinity.

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The common explanation for global warming is faulty, leaving even those trained in the sciences unconvinced and skeptical about the validity of climate change. However, global warming is very real and it is definitely being caused by so-called "greenhouse" gases, even though the term "greenhouse" has no bearing on the actual physical phenomena taking place. This essay properly explains the physical mechanisms of IR-absorbing gases in the Earth's atmosphere, offering a more convincing explanation of what is really going on. The essay discusses some of the possible ramifications of global warming, and counsels for erring on the side of caution. On the other hand, there have been fraudulent scientific claims, such as the ozone-depletion theory, which diminishes the integrity of science and causes skepticism among the general public. In an appendix, the author presents the flaws in the ozone depletion theory based on sound chemical and thermodynamic principles.

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Part B: Vulnerability Management Plan To prepare a vulnerability management plan for the SureMarket information security department, create a 2- to 3-page Microsoft Word document that includes the following: Describe the strategy for continuously monitoring the SureMarket network and IT systems for new vulnerabilities. Include the methods and frequency for conducting the following: Vulnerability scanning Penetration testing Describe a decision tree for mitigating newly identified vulnerabilities. Format your citations according to APA guidelines..

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Part 1: Refer to pages 92-100 in your text as you answer these questions. Background: Bacteria have several characteristics that can be used in their identification. Answer the questions below related to some of the general characteristics of bacteria. Many bacteria possess appendages of varying types. Some of those appendages serve to provide motility. 1. Examples of bacterial appendages which serve to provide motility include? Choose one of the following answers. (1 point) - flagella and axial filaments - flagella and pili - pili and fimbriae - All of the answers are correct. 2. Of those bacteria which possess flagella, there are 4 possible flagellar arrangements. Match each type with the correct description below. (4 points) a. Monotrichous _____ having flagella which are dispersed all over the cell b. Lophotrichous _____ possessing flagella at both ends or poles c. Amphitrichous _____ possessing a single flagellum d. Peritrichous _____ possessing a small bunch or tuft at the same location 3. A type of cell appendage other than flagella which allows bacteria to stick to each other as well as to surfaces is __________. Choose one of the following answers. (1 point) - the cell membrane - fimbriae - the cell wall - periplasmic flagella The structure in question #3 above plays a role in the formation of biofilms. 4. True or false. Biofilms are cooperative associations among several microbial groups and may consist of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and algae, as well as other living things. (1 point) 5. Using your text, put the following steps of biofilm formation in order. (4 points) _____ Step 1 a. More cells are attracted and attach, allowing the biofilm to attach to its habitat _____ Step 2 b. Cells within the biofilm can break away and disperse allowing biofilms to form in other locations _____ Step 3 c. In the development of a biofilm, a suitable substrate has a thin layer of organic material deposited _____ Step 4 d. Primary colonists (usually bacteria) attach and multiply, laying down a sticky matrix One example of a species known for forming biofilms is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is known for forming biofilms on medical equipment such as ventilators and catheters and can even form them within the human body on heart valves and even teeth. Looking ahead in your text to page 643 and beyond, answer the following questions regarding Pseudomonas. 6. In nature, Pseudomonas is commonly found in these two environments. Choose one of the following answers. (1 point) - Air and water - Air and soil - Soil and water - Salt and freshwater 7. Pseudomonas is an _________, which means it requires oxygen. Choose one of the following answers. (1 point) - Aerobe - Capnophile - Anaerobe - None of the above. 8. How would you describe the gram reaction and morphology of Pseudomonas? Choose one of the following answers. (2 points) - Gram + cocci - Gram cocci - Gram - bacilli - Gram + bacilli.

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Pandas is a Python library used for working with data sets. It has functions for analyzing, cleaning, exploring, and manipulating data. The name "Pandas" has a reference to both "Panel Data", and "Python Data Analysis" and was created by Wes McKinney in 2008. Everything in life has both advantages and disadvantages. I discuss 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage of using pandas for Python. Ensure that you attempt to explain your selections..

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page 6-7 Fraud (previously referred to as irregularities) -Intentional misstatements or omissions of amounts or disclosures in financial statements. Audits are concerned with misstatements arising from two distinct types of acts: Fraudulent Financial Reporting - Intentional misstatements in financial statements to deceive financial statement users. Misappropriation of assets (also referred to as "defalcations")-Theft of company's assets the effect of which has not been appropriately reflected in the financial statements. PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM BACKGROUND INFORMATION (AU 230) 4. In every audit, the exercise of professional skepticism is paramount. In many audit failures involving fraud, inadequate professional skepticism is frequently cited as a significant reason why the material misstatement was not detected by the auditor. 5. The third general standard of the generally accepted auditing standards is: Due professional care is to be exercised in the planning and performance of the audit and the preparation of the report. 6. In discussing due professional care, the standards state that: A. Due professional care requires the auditor to exercise professional skepticism. Professional skepticism is an attitude that includes a questioning mind and a critical assessment of audit evidence. Standards go on to state that an auditor should neither assume that management is dishonest nor assume unquestioned honesty. Gathering and objectively evaluating audit evidence requires the auditor to consider the competency and sufficiency of the evidence. Since evidence is gathered and evaluated throughout the audit, professional skepticism should be exercised throughout the audit process. The auditor neither assumes that management is dishonest nor assumes unquestioned honesty. In exercising professional skepticism, the auditor should not be satisfied with less than persuasive evidence because of a belief that management is honest..

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page 9 STAFF DISCUSSION OF THE RISK OF MATERIAL MISSTATEMENT DUE TO FRAUD 10. Prior to or while obtaining information to identify risks of fraud (below), the audit team should discuss the potential for a material misstatement due to fraud, including: A. "Brainstorming" among team members about how and where the financial statements might be susceptible to fraud, how management could perpetrate and conceal fraudulent financial reporting, and how assets could be misappropriated B. Emphasizing the importance of maintaining the proper state of mind (professional skepticism) regarding the potential for material misstatement due to fraud. 11. The discussion should: A. Include consideration of known factors affecting incentives/pressures for fraud, opportunities, and culture or environment that enables management to rationalize committing fraud. B. Emphasize the need to maintain a questioning mind and to exercise professional skepticism. C. Include key members of the audit team (and specialists if considered necessary). OBTAINING THE INFORMATION NEEDED TO IDENTIFY RISKS OF MATERIAL MISSTATEMENT DUE TO FRAUD; PROCEDURES SHOULD INCLUDE 12. Inquiries of management, the audit committee, internal auditors and others A. Among the inquiries of management are questions such as: (1) Does it have knowledge of fraud or suspected fraud affecting the entity? (2) Have there been allegations of fraud or suspected fraud? (3) Its understanding of fraud risks? (4) Programs and controls established to mitigate fraud risks? (5) Control over multiple locations? (6) Communications to employees about business practices and ethical behavior? (7) Whether management has reported to the audit committee the nature of the company's internal control? B. Inquiries of the audit committee (or at least its chair) to obtain: (1) Its views regarding the risks of fraud and whether it has knowledge of fraud or suspected fraud. (2) An understanding of how it exercises oversight activities. C. Inquiries of appropriate internal audit personnel about: (1) Their views about the risks of fraud. (2) Whether they have performed any procedures to identify or detect fraud. (3) Whether management has satisfactorily responded to any findings relating to above procedures. D. Inquiries of others about the existence of fraud or suspected fraud, including: (1) Employees with varying level of authority who auditors come into contact with during the audit. (2) Operating personnel not directly involved in reporting. (3) Employees involved with complex or unusual transactions. 9.

page 9 STAFF DISCUSSION OF THE RISK OF MATERIAL MISSTATEMENT DUE T.pdf

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page 8 III. OUTLINE OF STATEMENT ON AUDITING STANDARDS NO. 99, CONSIDERATION OF FRAUD IN A FINANCIAL STATEMENT AUDIT CHARACTERISTICS OF FRAUD 1. The difference between errors and fraud is that fraud is intentional (although determining intent is oflen difficult). 2. Although fraud is a broad legal concept, the auditor's interest relates to determining whether misstatements exist, and not with making legal determinations of whether fraud has occurred. 3. The two types of misstatements due to fraud are those which are the result of: A. Fraudulent financial reporting-intentional misstatements, omissions of amounts or disclosures. B. Misappropriation of assets-theft of an entity's assets, also referred to as defalcations. 4. When fraud occurs there are three conditions that must be present: A. Incentive/pressure - a reason to commit fraud. B. Opportunity-e.g., ineffective controls, override of controls. C. Attitude/rationalization--ability to justify the fraud to oneself. 5. Management has a unique ability to perpetrate fraud because it can directly or indirectly manipulate accounting records and present fraudulent financial information by overriding controls or directing employees to carry out the fraud. 6. Although fraud is ordinarily concealed, certain conditions (such as missing documents) may suggest the possibility of fraud. 7. Audits provide reasonable, and not absolute assurance of detecting material fraud. PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM AND THE RISK OF FRAUD 8. An auditor should conduct the audit with a mindset that recognizes the possibility of material misstatement due to fraud, even if no fraud has been discovered in the past and the auditor believes that management is honest. 9. An auditor should not be satisfied with less than persuasive evidence because of a belief that management is honest..

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page 12 B. Conflicting or missing audit evidence, such as: (1) Missing, unavailable or altered documents. (2) Unexplained items on reconciliations. (3) Inconsistent, vague or implausible responses to inquiries. (4) Unusual discrepancies between records and confirmation replies. (5) Missing inventory or physical assets. (6) Unavailable or missing electronic evidence, inconsistent retention policies. C. Problematic or unusual relationships between auditor and management, such as: (1) Denial of access to records, facilities, employees, customers, vendors others. (2) Undue time pressures. (3) Management complaints or intimidation. (4) Unusual delays in providing information. (5) Tips or complaints about alleged fraud..

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page 10 (4) In-house legal counsel. E. Be aware in evaluating management's responses to inquiries that it is often in the best position to perpetrate fraud. 13. Considering the results of analytical procedures performed in planning the audit: A. When unexpected results occur, consider the risk of material misstatement due to fraud. B. Perform analytical procedures on revenue during the planning of the audit to identify unusual or unexpected relationships. C. Because analytical procedures performed during planning often use data aggregated at a high level, results obtained often only provide a broad initial indication about whether a material misstatement exists. 14. An auditor should consider fraud risk factors, which are events or conditions that indicate incentives/pressures to perpetrate fraud, opportunities to carry out fraud, or attitude/rationalization to justify a fraudulent action: A. The auditor should use professional judgment in determining whether a risk factor is present and in identifying and assessing the risk of material misstatement due to fraud. B. While fraud risk factors do not necessarily indicate the existence of fraud, they often are present when fraud exists. 15. Other information that should be considered includes the discussion among audit team members, reviews of interim financial statements, and the consideration of identified inherent risks. IDENTIFYING RISKS THAT MAY RESULT IN A MATERIAL MISSTATEMENT DUE TO FRAUD 16. It is helpful when identifying risks of fraud to consider the three conditions ordinarily present when a material misstatement due to fraud ordinarily occursincentives/pressures, opportunities, and attitude/rationalization. Fraud experts often refer to these three conditions as the fraud triangle. 17. The auditor should evaluate whether identified risks of material misstatement due to fraud can be related to specific accounts, assertions, or whether they relate more pervasively to the financial statements as a whole. 18. The identification of a risk of material misstatement due to fraud includes consideration of the type of risk (fraudulent financial reporting or misappropriation of assets), the significance of the risk, the likelihood of the risk, and the pervasiveness of the risk. 19. A presumption of improper revenue recognition is a fraud risk. 20. The auditor should always address the risk of management override of controls. Fraud (previously referred to as irregularities)-Intentional misstatements or omissions of amounts or disclosures in financial statements. Audits are concerned with misstatements arising from two distinct types of acts: Fraudulent Financial Reporting - Intentional misstatements in financial statements to deceive financial statement users. Misappropriation of assets (also referred to as "defalcations")-Theft of company's assets the effect of which has not been appropriately reflected in the financial statements. PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM BACKGROUND INFORMATION (AU 230) 4. In ev.

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p14-15 34. The risk of fraud may be so high as to cause the auditor to consider withdrawing from engagement; factors affecting decision: A Implications about integrity of management. B. Diligence and cooperation of management or the board of directors. COMMUNICATING ABOUT FRAUD TO MANAGEMENT, THE AUDIT COMMITTEE AND OTHERS 35. Whenever there is evidence that fraud may exist, the matter should be brought to an appropriate level of management, even if the matter might be considered inconsequential: A. All fraud involving senior management, and any fraud (by anyone) that causes a material misstatement should be reported directly to the audit committee. B. The auditor should reach an understanding with the audit committee regarding communications about misappropriations perpetrated by lower-level employees. 36. If risks have internal control implications the auditor should determine whether they represent reportable conditions and need to be communicated to the audit committee. 37. The auditor may choose to communicate other risks of fraud. 38. Disclosure of fraud beyond senior management and its audit committee is not ordinarily a part of the auditor's responsibility, unless: A. Required by specific legal and regulatory requirements. NOTE: These requirements include reports in connection with the termination of the engagement, such as when the entity reports an auditor change on Form 8K and the fraud or related risk factors constitute a reportable event or is the source of a disagreement, as these terms are defined in Item 304 of Regulation S - K. These reguirements also include reports that may be required, under certain circumstances, pursuant to Section 10A(b)1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 relating to an illegal act that has a material effect on the financial statements. B. To a successor auditor. C. In response to a subpoena. D. To a funding agency or other specified agency in accordance with requirements of audits of entities that receive governmental financial assistance. DOCUMENTING THE AUDITOR'S CONSIDERATION OF FRAUD 39. The documentation should include: A. Details of the discussion among audit team of risk of material misstatement due to fraud, including how and when discussion occurred, participants, and subject matter. 14 B. Procedures performed to obtain information to identify and assess risks of material misstatement due to fraud. C. Specific risks of material misstatement due to fraud that were identified and auditor's response to those risks. D. If auditor did not identified improper revenue recognition as a risk of material misstatement due to fraud, the reasons for that conclusion. E. Results of procedures performed to further address risk of management override of controls. F. Other conditions and analytical relationships or other responses required and any further responses the auditor concluded were appropriate to address such risks or conditions. G. Nature of communications about fraud made to management, the aud.

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p13 29. The auditor should evaluate whether analytical procedures performed as substantive tests or in the overall review stage indicate a previously unrecognized risk of material misstatement due to fraud: A. If not already performed, the auditor should perform analytical procedures on revenue at the overall review stage of the audit; unusual relationships include: (1) Large amounts of income recorded in the last week or two of the year. (2) Income inconsistent with trends in cash flows from operations. Other examples of unusual or unexpected analytical relationships and possible causes 30. The auditor should evaluate risks of material misstatement due to fraud at or near completion of fieldwork. 31. When misstatements are identified, the auditor should consider whether such misstatements may indicate fraud. 32. When misstatements are or may be the result of fraud, but the effects are not material to the financial statements, the auditor should evaluate the implications. Examples of immaterial frauds include: A. A misappropriation of cash from a small petty cash fund normally would have little significance. B. A misappropriation involving management may be indicative of a more pervasive problem and may require the auditor to consider the impact on the nature, timing, and extent of tests of balances or transactions, and the assessment of the effectiveness of controls. 33. If the auditor believes the misstatements may be the result of fraud and has determined it could be material to the financial statements, but has been unable to evaluate whether the effect is material, the auditor should: A. Attempt to obtain audit evidence to determine whether fraud has occurred and its effect. Fraud (previously referred to as irregularities) -Intentional misstatements or omissions of amounts or disclosures in financial statements. Audits are concerned with misstatements arising from two distinct types of acts: Fraudulent Financial Reporting - Intentional misstatements in financial statements to deceive financial statement users. Misappropriation of assets (also referred to as "defalcations")-Theft of company's assets the effect of which has not been appropriately reflected in the financial statements. PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM BACKGROUND INFORMATION (AU 230) 4. In every audit, the exercise of professional skepticism is paramount. In many audit failures involving fraud, inadequate professional skepticism is frequently cited as a significant reason why the material misstatement was not detected by the auditor. 5. The third general standard of the generally accepted auditing standards is: Due professional care is to be exercised in the planning and performance of the audit and the preparation of the report. 6. In discussing due professional care, the standards state that: A. Due professional care requires the auditor to exercise professional skepticism. Professional skepticism is an attitude that includes a questioning mind and a critical assessment of audit ev.

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ow Effective Managers Use Information Systems Advances in computer-based information technology in recent years have led to a wide variety of systems that managers are now using to make and implement decisions. Largely, these systems have been developed from scratch for specific purposes and differ significantly from standard electronic data processing systems. Too often, unfortunately, managers have little say in the development of these decision support systems at the same time, non(cid:2)managers who do develop them have a limited view of how they can be used. Moreover, the difference between success and failure is the extent to which managers can use the system to increase their effectiveness within their organizations. QUESTION 1 (30 MARKS) 1.1 Critically discuss why Information Systems are important to an organisation. (20 Marks) 1.2 Explain the Five resources that support information systems. (10 Marks.

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Please complete the fill in the box exercise by identify the federal regulation or initiative used to combat fraud and abuse described in the following table. Example: Amendment Right to Bear Arms 2nd amendment Example of fraud and abuse Federal regulation or initiative Known as the Physician Self-Referral Law (4 points) Qui tam is the whistleblower provision (4 points) Also known as HEAT (4 points) Physicians cannot receive money or other benefits for referring patients to a healthcare facility (4 points) The office in the federal government that works to combat fraud, waste, and abuse (4 points) Amendment Right to Bear Arms 2nd amendment.

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