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please answer these questions MAC230 Review 1. Briefly, what is un operating system? What is an interface? Identify the operating system\'s interfoces 2. What is service? What are the primary services provided by an operating system? What ave the 4 independent layers of abstraction in o computer? 4. What are communication services and why are they impartont? 5 Distinguish between open source and propriletary 6 Distinguish between reading and writing to memory. Distinguish betwwen ROM and RAM (giwe examples) 7. How is a computer\'s memory oddressed? Why is addkessing memory important? 8 What is cache memory? Why is cache memory used? 9. Explain what happens during a computer\'s basic mochine cycle 0. What is a coprocessor? Why do we oeed them? 11. Brieply, explain the process of eading data from ar writing dara to disk. 12. Distinguish cnlinders, tracks and sectors 13 Dstinguish between an absolute oodress and a relative uddress. 14. Distinguish among sorce code, object module and load modufe. 15 What is on application programming interface (APJ? 16. What dors inkage editor do? 1, Distinguish tetween sequential access and direct (or randam) access. Relate both techsiques to thae relative recard concept 1*.On mest camputers, al internal components ore designed around a comman word size Why? 19, what is device port? Datinguish between serial and parallel port. Solution Operating system: as well to the hardware, a computer also requires a program to control the devices. This program is named an operating system An OS is system software that administers computer hardware and software sources and provides frequent services for computer programs. every computer programs, without firmware, need an operating system to function. Interface: an interface is a communal boundary across which two individual components of a computer system exchange information. The exchange can among software, computer hardware, peripheral devices, humans and combinations of these. operating systems types are Windows, Linux and Mac OS operating systems different versions are Windows 7, 8 and 10 operating systems user interfaces are text user interfaces (TUI) and graphical user interfaces (GUI).
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please answer these questions number by numberSolution1) An.pdf
please answer these questions number by number
Solution
1) An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware.
An operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management,
memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling
peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
An interface is a shared boundary across which two separate components of a computer system
exchange information. The exchange can be between software, computer hardware, peripheral
devices, humans and combinations of these. Some computer hardware devices such as a
touchscreen can both send and receive data through the interface, while others such as a mouse
or microphone may only provide an interface to send data to a given system.
Based on the user interface, there are two types of operating systems.
2)
An Operating System provides services to both the users and to the programs.
It provides programs an environment to execute.
It provides users the services to execute the programs in a convenient manner.
Following are a few common services provided by an operating system
Program execution
I/O operations
File System manipulation
Communication
Error Detection
Resource Allocation
Protection
3)An abstraction layer or abstraction level is a way of hiding the implementation details of a
particular set of functionality, allowing the separation of concerns to facilitate interoperability
and platform independence. Software models that use layers of abstractioninclude the OSI 7-
layer model for computer network protocols, the OpenGL graphics drawing library, and the byte
stream input/output (I/O) model originated from Unix and adopted by MS-DOS, Linux, and most
other modern operating systems.
4) communication services is important to the long-term success of any business. In the early
stages of the relationship, effective communication ensures your product or service meets the
customer\'s immediate needs. As time goes on, regular communication with your customer base
allows you to adapt and grow so you can continue to meet its requirements
5) The Differences between Proprietary and Open Source Software Open Software Proprietary
Software (Linux Ubuntu, OpenOffice.org Write, (Windows Vista, Microsoft Word 2007, GIMP)
Adobe Photoshop CS3)S Purchased with its source s Purchased without its source code codeS
User can get open software s User must pay to get the for free of charge proprietary softwaren
Users can modify the w Users cannot modify the software software w User must have a license
fromn Users can install software vendor before install into freely into any computer computerc
No one is responsible to the s Full support from vendor if software anything happened to the
software
6) Read-write memory (RWM) is computer memory that can be read from and written to. This
type of memory can be contrasted with read-only memory, which cannot be modified after it is
written. Both of these cont.
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An operating system is software that acts as an interface between computer hardware and users, allowing applications to run and perform tasks. The main functions of an operating system include process management, memory management, file management, device management, I/O system management, and security. The kernel is the central component of the operating system and enables communication between hardware and software. Mainframe systems evolved from early batch systems with no user interaction to time-sharing systems that allowed for simultaneous multi-user interaction through rapid switching between users.
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An operating system provides an environment for program execution and services to programs and users. It manages computer memory, processes, software and hardware. Without an operating system, a computer is useless. Common operating systems include Linux, Windows, Mac OS X, and Solaris. Operating systems are also classified as single-user or multi-user and by whether they support mobile devices, multi-threading or multiprocessing. Key software for operating systems includes kernels and system programs. Examples of operating systems include Mac OS 9, Android OS, Debian Linux and Windows 7.
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please answer these questions number by numberSolution1) An.pdf
please answer these questions number by number
Solution
1) An Operating System (OS) is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware.
An operating system is a software which performs all the basic tasks like file management,
memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling
peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
An interface is a shared boundary across which two separate components of a computer system
exchange information. The exchange can be between software, computer hardware, peripheral
devices, humans and combinations of these. Some computer hardware devices such as a
touchscreen can both send and receive data through the interface, while others such as a mouse
or microphone may only provide an interface to send data to a given system.
Based on the user interface, there are two types of operating systems.
2)
An Operating System provides services to both the users and to the programs.
It provides programs an environment to execute.
It provides users the services to execute the programs in a convenient manner.
Following are a few common services provided by an operating system
Program execution
I/O operations
File System manipulation
Communication
Error Detection
Resource Allocation
Protection
3)An abstraction layer or abstraction level is a way of hiding the implementation details of a
particular set of functionality, allowing the separation of concerns to facilitate interoperability
and platform independence. Software models that use layers of abstractioninclude the OSI 7-
layer model for computer network protocols, the OpenGL graphics drawing library, and the byte
stream input/output (I/O) model originated from Unix and adopted by MS-DOS, Linux, and most
other modern operating systems.
4) communication services is important to the long-term success of any business. In the early
stages of the relationship, effective communication ensures your product or service meets the
customer\'s immediate needs. As time goes on, regular communication with your customer base
allows you to adapt and grow so you can continue to meet its requirements
5) The Differences between Proprietary and Open Source Software Open Software Proprietary
Software (Linux Ubuntu, OpenOffice.org Write, (Windows Vista, Microsoft Word 2007, GIMP)
Adobe Photoshop CS3)S Purchased with its source s Purchased without its source code codeS
User can get open software s User must pay to get the for free of charge proprietary softwaren
Users can modify the w Users cannot modify the software software w User must have a license
fromn Users can install software vendor before install into freely into any computer computerc
No one is responsible to the s Full support from vendor if software anything happened to the
software
6) Read-write memory (RWM) is computer memory that can be read from and written to. This
type of memory can be contrasted with read-only memory, which cannot be modified after it is
written. Both of these cont.
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The document discusses operating systems, describing them as software that enables computer programs to run by managing hardware resources and providing common services. It outlines the main functions of operating systems like memory management, I/O control, and file management. The evolution of operating systems is traced from early batch processing systems to time-sharing, personal computing, and distributed systems of today. Key innovations that enabled each phase are highlighted.
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- RabinKarp(name : String, find : String) : int
- stringHash(s : String) : int
- charNumericValue(c : char) : int
- RabinKarpHashes(s : String, hashes : int[], pos : int, length : int) : int
- linearSearchRecursive(nameHashes : int[], findHash : int, pos : int) : int
public EmployeeManager()
Constructor, creates the Employee array, sets currentEmployees to 0.
public void addEmployee(int, String, String, char, char, int, Boolean, double)
Takes an int representing the type of Employee to be added (1 – Hourly, 2 – Salary, 3 –
Commission) as well as the required data to create that Employee. If one of these values is not
passed output the line, “Invalid Employee Type, None Added”, and exit the method. If an
Employee with the given Employee Number already exists do not add the Employee and output
the line, “Duplicate Not Added”, and exit the method. If the array is at maximum capacity do not
add the new Employee, and output the line, \"Cannot add more Employees\".
public void removeEmployee(int)
Removes an Employee located at the given index from the Employee array.
public void listAll()
Lists all the current Employees. Outputs there are none if there are none.
public void listHourly()
Lists all the current HourlyEmployees. Outputs there are none if there are none.
public void listSalary()
Lists all the current SalaryEmployees. Outputs there are none if there are none.
public void listCommission()
Lists all the current CommissionEmployees. Outputs there are none if there are none.
public void resetWeek()
Resets the week for all Employees.
public double calculatePayout()
Returns the total weekly payout for all Employees.
public int getIndex(int)
Given an Employee Number, returns the index of that Employee in the array, if the Employee
doesn’t exist retuns -1.
public void annualRaises()
Applies annual raise to all current Employees.
public double holidayBonuses()
Outputs and returns the total holiday bonus of all Employees.
public void increaseHours(int, double)
Increase the hours worked of the Employee at the given index by the given double amount.
public void increaseSales(int, double)
Increase the sales of the Employee at the given index by the given double amount.
public Employee[] findAllBySubstring(String find)
This method will return.
help me Java projectI put problem and my own code in the linkmy .pdf
help me Java project
I put problem and my own code in the link
my code is long link : https://codeshare.io/YohNo
Solution
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.Font;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Assignment21 {
/**
* @param args the command line arguments
*/
public static JFrame frame;
public static DecimalFormat fmt = new DecimalFormat (\"0.00;(0.00)\");
public static String message;
public static boolean firstTime = true;
public static boolean firstTime2 = true;
public static CheckingAccount CheckAcc;
public static Transaction newTrans;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO code application logic here
frame = new JFrame (\"Transaction Options\");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation (JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
EOptionsPanel panel = new EOptionsPanel();
frame.getContentPane().add (panel);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static int getTransCode()
{
String codeStr;
int code;
codeStr=JOptionPane.showInputDialog(\"\ Here are the Transaction
Codes:\ 1)Checking\ 2)Depositing\ 0)Terminate\");
code = Integer.parseInt(codeStr);
return code;
}
public static double getTransAmount(){
String tStr;
double tAmount;
tStr = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(\"Enter the trans amount: \");
tAmount = Double.parseDouble(tStr);
return tAmount;
}
public static double processCheck(double tAmount)
{
CheckAcc.setServiceCharge(0.15);
newTrans = new Transaction(CheckAcc.getTransCount(),3,0.15);
CheckAcc.addTrans(newTrans);
message += \"\ Transaction : Check in Amount of $\" + fmt.format(tAmount) +
\"\ Current Balance : $ \" + fmt.format(CheckAcc.getBalance()) +
\"\ Service Charge : Check --- charge: $0.15\";
if(CheckAcc.getBalance()<500 && firstTime2)
{
CheckAcc.setServiceCharge(5.00);
newTrans = new Transaction(CheckAcc.getTransCount(),3,5.00);
CheckAcc.addTrans(newTrans);
firstTime2=false;
message += \"\ Service Charge : Balance under $500 -- Charge: $5.00\";
}
if(CheckAcc.getBalance()<0)
{
CheckAcc.setServiceCharge(10.00);
newTrans = new Transaction(CheckAcc.getTransCount(),3,10.00);
CheckAcc.addTrans(newTrans);
message += \"\ Service Charge : Overdfart Balance --- Charge: $10.00\";
}
message += \"\ Total ServiceCharge : $ \" + fmt.format(CheckAcc.getServiceCharge());
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, message);
return 0;
}
public static double processDeposit(double tAmount)
{
CheckAcc.setServiceCharge(0.10);
newTrans = new Transaction(CheckAcc.getTransCount(),3,0.10);
CheckAcc.addTrans(newTrans);
message += \"\ Transaction : Deposit in Amount of $\" + fmt.format(tAmount) +
\"\ Current Balance : $ \" + fmt.format(CheckAcc.getBalance()) +
\"\ Service Charge : Check --- charge: $0.10\"+
\"\ Total ServiceCharge : $ \" + fmt.format(CheckAcc.getServiceCharge());
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, message);
return 0;
}
public static void inputTransactions()
{
// define local variables
String initialStr;
double initial, tAmount, check, deposit, amount=0;
int code, number=0, id=0;
// get in.
Heading ibe the following picture. Main computer UART DTE Serial chan.pdf
Heading ibe the following picture. Main computer UART DTE Serial channel Interface Modem
DCE UART
Solution
Straight cable connectivity
The diagam shows the straight cable (TX-Tx and Rx-Rx) connection between two dissimilar
devices, here DTE and DVD.
DTE : Data Terminal Unit
DVR : Data Communication unit.
Explain how TWO (2) different structural features can be used to dis.pdf
Explain how TWO (2) different structural features can be used to discriminate between the three
types of muscles. (2 marks)
Solution
Three types of muscles found in the human body are:
1)Skeletal muscle
2)Smooth
3)Cardiac
FUNCTION OF MUSCLES:
1)Regulate organs
2)Help us to move and maintain posture
FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
FUNCTIONS OF CARDIAC MUSCLE
Pumping of blood through the heart: Alternate contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle
pumps
FUNCTIONS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE
Smooth muscle also contributes to moving fluids through the body and to the elimination of
indigestible matter from the gastrointestinal system.
Explain two (2) alternative ways in which plants can obtain nutrient.pdf
Explain two (2) alternative ways in which plants can obtain nutrients when they live in nutrient
poor soils.
Solution
When plants live in nutrient poor soils they develop specific adaptations to obtain nutrients. For
example, carnivorous plants such as Nepenthes, Dionea, Urticularia, that are growing in nitrogen
poor soils developed modified leaves into pitchers, fly traps and urticles that can trap insects and
enzymes produced in these structures digest them. Some plants like legumes develop symbiotic
association with nitrogen fixing bacteria like Rhizobium and form root nodules. The plants
provide shelter to bacteria and bacteria fix the atmosphric nitrogen and supply to the plants.
Mangrove plants like Avicennia growing in oxygen poor marshy soils develop aerial roots that
obtain oxygen. Some plants establish mutual relationship with Mycorrhiza (fungus) to obtain
nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous. Therefore, plants develop adaptations for obtaining
nutrients and survival in nutrient poor soil environments..
Couldnt find the right subject that it belongs to...There ar.pdf
Couldn\'t find the right \"subject\" that it belongs to...
There are several big picture meta-theoretical themes used in this class—as presented in the
syllabus and textbook, and as explained by the instructor. Find the theme that is NOT part of the
assumptions from the meta-theory used in this class.
Question 4 options:
Development is promoted by person-centered contexts and interactions.
People carry the past forward into a dynamic present.
Genetics are at the root of behavioral development.
Development is influenced by an active changing context and an active developing person.
All people face fundamental developmental tasks, although there are many healthy pathways
through them.
Solution
reference
Yardley, L., Morrison, L., Bradbury, K., & Muller, I. (2015). The Person-Based Approach to
Intervention Development: Application to Digital Health-Related Behavior Change
Interventions. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(1), e30. http://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4055
topic : The Person-Based Approach to Intervention Development...............Application to Digital
Health-Related Behavior Change Intervention.
The basic point of the individual based approach is to ground the improvement of conduct
change intercessions in a significant comprehension of the viewpoint and psychosocial setting of
the general population who will utilize them, increased through iterative top to bottom subjective
research. There is broad accord in the eHealth inquire about group that evoking and tending to
the necessities and point of view of the expected intercession client is a crucial piece of good
mediation improvement to guarantee (at any rate) that intercessions are usable and locks in. This
is a basic issue for eHealth in the event that it is to satisfy its potential and defeat the issues of
low take-up and adherence . It is troublesome notwithstanding for master mediation designers to
completely foresee the needs and needs of clients , thus intercession engineers as of now
routinely evoke the perspectives of target clients in an assortment of ways , yet there is
shockingly little level headed discussion and itemized direction concerning how best to do this .
The individual based approach gives a procedure that empowers designers to increase imperative
bits of knowledge into how diverse individuals experience and actualize mediations, and a
system to help engineers distinguish the key attributes that will make an intercession more
important, alluring, and valuable to the individuals who draw in with it.
The individual based approach was produced by our exploration group through down to earth
involvement of making and assessing various fruitful wellbeing related intercessions, including
general wellbeing mediations (eg, to oversee weight and stress, advance physical action and hand
cleanliness) and disease administration intercessions (to help clients adapt to dazedness, back
torment, weakness, respiratory conditions, hypertension, diabetes, growth, stroke, and nu.
Consider the following C code snippet C codevoid setArray(int.pdf
Consider the following C code snippet:
// C code
void setArray(int num) {
int i;
int array[10];
for (i=0; i < 10; i=i+1) {
array[i]=compare(num, i);
}
}
int compare(int a, int b) {
if (sub(a, b) >= 0)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
int sub(int a, int b) {
return ab;
}
Implement the C code snippet above in MIPS assembly language. Use $s0 to hold the variable i.
Be sure to handle the stack pointer appropriately. The array is stored on the stack of the setArray
function (i.e. when setArray function is called it allocates space for the array on the stack.).
Solution
I have used the Test function i.e ain function to get this module of the fuction definition working.
Thw below is the MIPS code for the complete program:-
.file 1 \"\"
.section .mdebug.abi32
.previous
.gnu_attribute 4, 1
.abicalls
.text
.align 2
.globl _Z3subii
$LFB0 = .
.set nomips16
.ent _Z3subii
.type _Z3subii, @function
_Z3subii:
.frame $fp,8,$31 # vars= 0, regs= 1/0, args= 0, gp= 0
.mask 0x40000000,-4
.fmask 0x00000000,0
.set noreorder
.set nomacro
addiu $sp,$sp,-8
$LCFI0:
sw $fp,4($sp)
$LCFI1:
move $fp,$sp
movz $31,$31,$0
$LCFI2:
sw $4,8($fp)
sw $5,12($fp)
lw $3,8($fp)
lw $2,12($fp)
nop
subu $2,$3,$2
move $sp,$fp
lw $fp,4($sp)
addiu $sp,$sp,8
j $31
nop
.set macro
.set reorder
.end _Z3subii
$LFE0:
.size _Z3subii, .-_Z3subii
.align 2
.globl _Z7compareii
$LFB1 = .
.set nomips16
.ent _Z7compareii
.type _Z7compareii, @function
_Z7compareii:
.frame $fp,32,$31 # vars= 0, regs= 2/0, args= 16, gp= 8
.mask 0xc0000000,-4
.fmask 0x00000000,0
.set noreorder
.cpload $25
.set nomacro
addiu $sp,$sp,-32
$LCFI3:
sw $31,28($sp)
$LCFI4:
sw $fp,24($sp)
movz $31,$31,$0
$LCFI5:
move $fp,$sp
$LCFI6:
.cprestore 16
sw $4,32($fp)
sw $5,36($fp)
lw $4,32($fp)
lw $5,36($fp)
lw $2,%got(_Z3subii)($28)
nop
move $25,$2
jalr $25
nop
lw $28,16($fp)
nor $2,$0,$2
srl $2,$2,31
andi $2,$2,0x00ff
beq $2,$0,$L4
nop
li $2,1 # 0x1
b $L5
nop
$L4:
move $2,$0
$L5:
move $sp,$fp
lw $31,28($sp)
lw $fp,24($sp)
addiu $sp,$sp,32
j $31
nop
.set macro
.set reorder
.end _Z7compareii
$LFE1:
.size _Z7compareii, .-_Z7compareii
.align 2
.globl _Z8setArrayi
$LFB2 = .
.set nomips16
.ent _Z8setArrayi
.type _Z8setArrayi, @function
_Z8setArrayi:
.frame $fp,88,$31 # vars= 48, regs= 3/0, args= 16, gp= 8
.mask 0xc0010000,-4
.fmask 0x00000000,0
.set noreorder
.cpload $25
.set nomacro
addiu $sp,$sp,-88
$LCFI7:
sw $31,84($sp)
$LCFI8:
sw $fp,80($sp)
movz $31,$31,$0
$LCFI9:
sw $16,76($sp)
$LCFI10:
move $fp,$sp
$LCFI11:
.cprestore 16
sw $4,88($fp)
sw $0,24($fp)
b $L8
nop
$L9:
lw $16,24($fp)
lw $4,88($fp)
lw $5,24($fp)
lw $2,%got(_Z7compareii)($28)
nop
move $25,$2
jalr $25
nop
lw $28,16($fp)
move $3,$2
sll $2,$16,2
addiu $4,$fp,24
addu $2,$4,$2
sw $3,4($2)
lw $2,24($fp)
nop
addiu $2,$2,1
sw $2,24($fp)
$L8:
lw $2,24($fp)
nop
slt $2,$2,10
andi $2,$2,0x00ff
bne $2,$0,$L9
nop
move $sp,$fp
lw $31,84($sp)
lw $fp,80($sp)
lw $16,76($sp)
addiu $sp,$sp,88
j $31
nop
.set macro
.set reorder
.end _Z8setArrayi
$LFE2:
.size _Z8setArrayi, .-_Z8setArrayi
.align 2
.globl ma.
Describe a mechanism that the body uses to prevent a mutation from be.pdf
Describe a mechanism that the body uses to prevent a mutation from becoming an abnormal
cell.
Solution
The body has several mechanisms in place to ensure that mutations do not turn lethal. The first of
those steps is the proof reading activity of the DNA polymerase which reads the DNA strand and
corrects the sequence as it synthesizes the new DNA fragment. Thus, the daughter cells contain
the original non-mutated sequence. Secondly, organisms are mostly diploid i.e. they contain two
sets of chromosomes which includes two forms of the same gene. The mutation would be lethal
or cause loss of function only when the other copy of the gene is also mutated (recessive
mutation). Also, mutant cells are usually cleared by the immune system which can detect and
produce specific antibodies against these cells..
classify domian of life differencesSolutionClassify the domain.pdf
classify domian of life differences
Solution
Classify the domain of life differences: the domain of life is mainly classified based on the
following differences
1. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) inside the cell
2. The structure of cell membrane with lipid structure
3. Cell sensitivity to antibiotics
Three domains of life such as \"prokaryota\", \"archae\" and \"eukaryota (kingdom plantae,
kingdom Animalia)\"
Explanation:
The mitochondria, histone (nucleosomes) are not evolved in archae domain & prokaryote
domain but evolved in the “kingdom of eukaryotes”, as an evolutionary adaptation difference.
This is a major differential aspect among the three domains of life in their classification
according to endo-symbiotic theory.
The aspects of cell wall are constructed differently in all three domains of life such as bacteria,
archaic species, and eukaryotes. The archae has S -layer in their cell wall but do not possess
peptidoglygan layer as bacteria do. Lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan layers are absent in
eukaryotic cell walls and their mechanism of synthesis is absent in eukaryotes. Plant cells are
eukaryotic cells and contain cell wall but animal cells do not contain cell wall. Bacteria are
prokaryotes & do not possess histone proteins but eukaryotes contain histone proteins associated
with DNA. Any morphological characteristics of group of species are completely different to that
of three domains of life such as \"prokaryota\", \"archae\" and \"eukaryota (kingdom plantae,
kingdom Animalia)\". These morphological features are completely different to the ancestral
species and leading to new phylum evolvement. Internal structural features, embryological
development, nucleus structure, genome nature (RNA or DNA), type of cellular respiration &
energy synthesis.
The major domian of life differences with morphological relations in the evolution of vertebrate
animal life (at the phylum level & domain level) from invertebrates (from four -limb species):
The major features of embryonic vertebrate zygote formation & followed by eight-cell stage of
embryo finally blastula stage and gastrulation. This stage is absent in the archae & prokaryotes
species. There are total 2 types of groups of species that are divided based on presence of
morphological innovation that is \"presence of vertebral column\" in animal domain &
prokaryote. Those living species which do not have vertebra\" are referred as \"invertebrates\"
and those which possess vertebrae\" are referred as “chordates\" or \"vertebrates\"..
Compare and contrast the development of a WBS in traditional project.pdf
Compare and contrast the development of a WBS in traditional project management versus
development in an agile environment.
Solution
An Agile based WBS is organized around units of end user functionality - commonly referred to
as user stories. Each user story represents the work to deliver that increment of functionality. In
Agile based WBS, Features are decomposed into Epics (large user stories) and Epics into User
Stories. User stories are decomposed to represent functionality that can be completed within one
iteration - typically one to four weeks depending on the team/project. Each leaf level WBS
element represent the working software to be produced through analysis, design, coding and
testing of the requirement in the user story.
Because each user story is atomic, stories can be re-prioritized, added and or removed without
changing the scope, provided that the total size/effort of stories within the scope of the project
does not change. Additionally, iterative development facilitates multiple releases (deployments)
within a project. So, user stories are typically scheduled within an iteration and a release. Note,
that until an iteration has started, the stories within that iteration can be changed, as part of
iteration planning.
In case of traditional project management WBS is organized around the primary products of the
project (or planned outcomes) instead of the work needed to produce the products (planned
actions). Since the planned outcomes are the desired ends of the project, they form a relatively
stable set of categories in which the costs of the planned actions needed to achieve them can be
collected.
A well-designed WBS makes it easy to assign each project activity to one and only one terminal
element of the WBS. In addition to its function in cost accounting, the WBS also helps map
requirements from one level of system specification to another, for example a requirements cross
reference matrix mapping functional requirements to high level or low level design documents..
B. You are an evolutionary biologist in a heated argument with a cre.pdf
B. You are an evolutionary biologist in a heated argument with a creation scientist who makes
the statement—\"Mathematically, it is inconceivable that anything as complex as a protein, let
alone a living cell or a human, could spring up by chance\". 1. Make a supporting statement for
chance. 2. Now play the other side and respond to the supporting statement as you think a
creation scientist would respond.?
Solution
You are an evolutionary biologist in a heated argument with a creation scientist who makes the
statement—
\"Mathematically, it is inconceivable that anything as complex as a protein, let alone a living cell
or a human, could spring up by chance\".
1. Make a supporting statement for chance.
Chance: It plays a part in evolution (for example, random mutations in a gene pool can give rise
to few new traits), but evolution does not depend ONLY on chance in creating new organisms,
proteins or any other entities. This is quite opposite to natural selection. Natural selection is the
principal which is known for the mechanism of evolution. By chance some mutation caused in
the gene pool and it gave to new acceptable traits. If they found adjustable to the environment,
they continues as a new species. The \"undesirable\" (nonadaptive) ones will be thus elimated
from that gene pool. As long as the forces of selection stay constant, natural selection pushes the
evolution in only one direction and produce new desired structures. Thus chance plays a part in
evolution. Nature plays a major role in this. Fossil studies support this theory/ process. Where we
can see many intermediate or failed species in between major species.
Archaeopteryx, a link between reptiles and birds, extinctinted soon is a good example of
intermediate species.
Haldane and Oparin proposed a theory of the origin of life on Earth through the transformation,
during the gradual chemical evolution of particles that contain carbon in the primordial soup
shows an example of Evolution.
2. Now play the other side and respond to the supporting statement as you think a creation
scientist would respond?
As a creation scientist i do not agree with science and evolution part, all this is created by God
and thus it follows biblical roots. All that it is in the nature is creation of God, all of a sudden it
appeared on the earth. According to us GOD created all species like birds,animals etc., later he
wanted to create a genius brained animal, so he created humans. And God creation according to
us all this is due to CHOICE not because of CHANCE.Thus it involved logical and systematic
process..
Assume Hashtable is a simple array of size 8, with indices 0..7. Num.pdf
Assume Hashtable is a simple array of size 8, with indices 0..7. Numeric keys are mapped by a
Hashfunction that gives the mod(8,n) value for any key “n” yielding the Hashtable index for that
key (0..7). A Hashtable entry is null unless a key exists with that index as its hashed index; if so,
the Hashtable entry points to the first node of a linked list of keys with that hash index. The last
node on this linked list has a null reference for the next referenced node. Assume the occurrence
of a linked list node is represented by the object “Node” and its “Data” and “NextRef” attributes.
Create pseudocode for the \"Remove\" operation.
Solution
Removal of a Node from a Singly Linked List
To complete deletion of firstNode in the list we have to change Head pointing to NextRef of
firstNode.
Pseudocode:
firstNode = Head
Head = firstNode->NextRef
free firstNode
Complexity:
Time Complexity: O(1)
Space Complexity: O(1)
Sourcecode:
int delNodeData(int num)
{
struct Node *prev_ptr, *node;
node=Head;
while(cur_ptr != NULL)
{
if(cur_ptr->Data == num)
{
if(cur_ptr==Head)
{
Head=cur_ptr->NextRef;
free(node);
return 0;
}
else
{
prev_ptr->NextRef=node->NextRef;
free(node);
return 0;
}
}
else
{
prev_ptr=node;
node=node->NextRef;
}
}
printf(\"\ Element %d is not found in the List\", num);
return 1;
}
Deleting Last Node in the Singly Linked List
Traverse to Last Node in the List using two pointers namely prevNode and node. Once node
reaches the last Node in the list point NextRef in prevNode to NULL and free the node.
Pseudocode:
node = head
forever:
if node->NextRef == NULL
break
prevNode = node
node = node->NextRef
prevNode->NextRef = NULL
free Node
Complexity:
Time Complexity: O(n)
Space Complexity: O(1)
Deleting Node from position \'p\' in the List
To delete a Node at the position \'p\' we have to first traverse the list until we reach the position
\'p\'.
For this case have to maintain two pointers namely prevNode and Node.
Since Singly Linked Lists are uni-directional we have to maintain the information about
previous Node in prevNode. Once we reach the position \'p\' we have to modify prevNode
NextRef pointing to Node NextRef and free Node.
Pseudocode:
curNode = head
curPos = 1
forever:
if curPos == P || Node == NULL
break
prevNode = node
node = node->NextRef
curPos++
if noode != NULL:
prevNode->NextRef = node->NextRef
free curNode
Complexity:
Time Complexity: O(n) worst case
Space Complexity: O(3)
Sourcecode:
int delNodeLoc(int loc)
{
struct Node *prev_ptr, *node;
int i;
node=Head;
if(loc > (length()) || loc <= 0)
{
printf(\"\ Deletion of Node at given location is not possible\ \");
}
else
{
// If the location is starting of the list
if (loc == 1)
{
Head=node->NextRef;
free(node);
return 0;
}
else
{
for(i=1;iNextRef;
}
prev_ptr->NextRef=node->NextRef;
free(node);
}
}
return 1;
}.
Amon the following, which has the lowest levels of dissolved iron.pdf
Amon the following, which has the lowest levels of dissolved iron?
a. Atlantic Ocean
b. Indian Ocean
c. Pacific Ocean
d. The temperate regions of all oceans
Solution
The correct option is Pacific ocean because of the low dust sedimentation and iron is readily
soluble in low oxygen regions and the continental margins. It was believed that iron remained in
the localized areas but didn\'t contribute to the overall iron content of the ocean. As it is
explained by Nielsen, as soon as the iron-rich fluids hit the seawater with high oxygen content,
the iron gets dumped out and is not contributed to the overall amount of the dissolved iron..
A box contains 10 red balls and 40 black balls. Two balls are drawn .pdf
A box contains 10 red balls and 40 black balls. Two balls are drawn successively without
replacement from the box. Is the probability of selecting a red ball in the first draw the same as
the probability of selecting a red ball in the second draw? Justify your answers by computing the
probabilities.
Solution.
As late as 1992, the United States was running budget deficits of ne.pdf
As late as 1992, the United States was running budget deficits of nearly $300 billion. During the
remainder of the 1990\'s, deficits declined and became surpluses. As the new century began,
these surpluses again turned into deficits. •Explain the decline in deficits and subsequent
surpluses in the late 1990\'s. •Explain the return to deficit spending since the turn of the century.
•Consider the causes of the deficits and surpluses and provide your own insight as to whether
these surpluses or deficits have a \"positive\" or \"negative\" effect on our economy
Solution
As the 1990s came to an end, virtually all financial-market observers and politicians rejoiced that
budget deficits were gone and that the U.S. had entered a period of fiscal stability. Politicians on
both sides of the aisle viewed the new world of budget surpluses as an opportunity to save Social
Security, to cut Federal debt, and to lower taxes.
Budget deficits or budget surpluses are neither good nor bad, they are fiscal policy options that
can stabilize or de-stabilize an economy. The U.S. economy, under Reagan, Bush, and early
Clinton, experienced higher not lower rates of economic growth at a time when budget deficits
were at record levels and tax rates were on the decline. Over the past 20 years a period of record
budget deficits the stock market increased from 950 to over 11,000, providing ample evidence
that budget deficits are not necessarily bad for an economy.On the other hand, budget surpluses
are not necessarily good. As the budget surpluses began to expand dramatically in late 1999 and
into 2000, the stock market appeared to be reversing the record up-trend of the 1980s and \'90s.
One possible reason for the reversal: the growing budget surplus was sapping the savings of the
private sector. Consumers were able to maintain their spending only through expanding debt to
record level.
In the late 90s, the confluence of strong economic growth, decelerating federal government
spending, and substantial increases in tax rates (revenues) had the unexpected effect of producing
enormous budget surpluses. As unexpected budget surpluses burst on the scene in the late 1990s,
most mainstream economists weren’t sensitive to the contractionary impact that surpluses can
have on the economy. The reason was simple that none of their economic models ever included
the forecast of a substantial surplus.
Ronald Reagan’s was the vice president of the USA for eight years and knew firsthand how
difficult it was to bring the federal budget deficit down from 6 percent of GDP in 1983 to 2.8
percent in Reagan’s last budget. Bush knew that the many budget deals of the 1980s had been
hard fought and always involved higher taxes as part of the deficit reduction, Reagan signed into
law 11 major tax increases that raised taxes by $133 billion in 1988 or 2.7 percent of GDP.Bush
administration economists believed that an easier monetary policy was the key to stimulating
growth. But Federal Reserve Board.
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A bacteriophage population is introduced to a bacterial colony that is in stationary phase with
rapidly depleting nutrients. Appraise the following scenarios and select which one would favor
long-term survival of the bacteriophage.
A. The bacteriophages infect the remaining viable cells and integrate their genetic material into
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B. The bacteriophages do not infect the bacterial cells since they are dying; they remain inert
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Answer :
C. The bacteriophages infect the bacterial cells and go through all stages of development apart
from release, thus keeping the progeny phage from entering an inhospitable environment..
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Xavier and Yolanda both have classes that end at noon and they agree to meet every day after
class. They arrive at the coffee shop independently. Xavier\'s arrival time is X and Yolanda\'s
arrival time is Y, where X and Y are measured in minutes after noon. The individual density
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1. Low platelet count is a recessively inherited trait. Reevaluation.pdf
1. Low platelet count is a recessively inherited trait. Reevaluation of the genetic screen indicates
that Nikoleta is homozygous dominant normal for a trait that causes low platelet count and her
husband is homozygous recessive. If the F1 offspring has normal platelets and beta-thalassemia
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a. What are the parental gametes? (2pts)
b. Based on the F1 progeny phenotype given and the parental gametes, write the two possible
genotypes. (2 pts)
c. What is the gamete frequency if the two genotypes in (b) were crossed with each other?
(4pts)? (4pts)
d. What is the phenotype frequency for the cross in (c)? SHOW ALL WORK. (7 pts)
Solution
Both the conditions are recessive.
Nikoleta: Homozygous dominant for trait that causes low platelet, and homozygous recessive for
beta thalessemia. Genotype is LLbb
Husband: Homozygous recessive for low platelet count, and heterozygous dominant for beta-
thalessemia. Genotype is llBb
The possible gametes produced by these parents:
Nikoleta: Lb
Husband: lB, lb
Possible genotype of the F1 offspring: LlBb or Llbb
Since the F1 offspring are given to be affected with beta-talassemai, the F1 offspring genotype
should be Llbb.
Possible gametes are LB, lb, lB, and lb (if genotype is LlBb) / Lb, lb (if genotype is Llbb).
Therefore, the frequency of the gametes is LB = 1, lb = 2, lB =1, and Lb = 2
The following is the phenotype frequency:
LLBb, LlBb, LlBb (Normal platelet count and no beta thallasemia) = 3
LLbb, Llbb, Llbb (Normal platelet count and beta thallasemia) = 3
llBb (Low platelet count and no beta thallasemia) = 1
llbb (Low platelet count and beta thallasemia) = 1
Thus phenotypic ratio stands as:
Normal platelet count and no beta thallasemia : Normal platelet count and beta thallasemia : Low
platelet count and no beta thallasemia : Low platelet count and beta thallasemia = 3 : 3 : 1 : 1.
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