This document describes a plant monitoring system that uses various sensors to monitor the temperature, pressure, and humidity of a plant. It uses sensors like the BMP180 temperature/pressure sensor and soil moisture sensors connected to an Arduino board. The system has two operating modes - an automatic mode where it will water the plant if the soil is dry, and a manual mode to control servos and relays by hand. It aims to enhance plant growth by monitoring environmental conditions and responding accordingly, such as turning on a heater if the temperature is too low. Potential future improvements include adding a camera and connecting it to the internet via IoT.

1. PLANT MONITORING SYSTEM
By
M.H.SAIKUMAR

2. This project deals about the plant monitering mechanism which gives
information about the temperature ,pressure , humidity.
This can be done by using various sensors like temperature ,pressure and
humidity sensing sensors.
This will be enhancing the growth of plant.
The two modes of operating system :
a)When it detects if the plant need some water it will be watering the plants.
b)A manual mode where you can control the servos and relays manually.
INTRODUCTION

3.  Arduino UNO
 BMP180 Barometric Pressure/Temperature/Altitude Sensor
 Soil Moisture Sensor
 Servo Motor SG90
 Relay
 Display
Arduino IDE Software
 DC Motors
COMPONENTS

5. Specifications:
Vin: 3 to 5V DC.
Pressure sensing range: 300-1100 h Pa (9000m to -500m
above sea level).
-40 to +85°C operational range, +/-2°C temperature
accuracy.
This board/chip uses I2C 7-bit address .
BMP180 SENSOR
The BMP 180 sensor has four important internal peripherals
a)Sensor Element.
b)ADC (analog to digital converter).
c) Control unit .
d) EEPROM.

6. BMP 180 INTERNAL DIAGRAM

7. Specifications:
• Operating voltage: 4.8 V (~5V).
• Dead band width: 10 µs.
•Temperature range: 0 ºC – 55 ºC.
SERVO SG90

8.  It is very Tiny and lightweight which will give high output power.
 Servo can rotate approximately 180 degrees (90 in each direction), and works just like
the standard kinds but smaller.
 You can use any servo code, hardware or library to control these servos.
 Good for beginners who want to make stuff move without building a motor controller
with feedback & gear box, especially since it will fit in small places.
 It comes with a 3 horns (arms) and hardware.

9.  Soil moisture measure the volumetric water content in soil .
 Since the direct gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires
removing, drying, and weighting of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure
the volumetric water content indirectly by using some other property of the
soil, such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or interaction
with neutrons, as a proxy for the moisture content.
 The relation between the measured property and soil moisture must be
calibrated and may vary depending on environmental factors such as soil
type, temperature, or electric conductivity.
SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

10.  Reflected microwave radiation is affected by the soil
moisture and is used for remote sensing in hydrology
and agriculture.
 Portable probe instruments can be used by farmers
or gardeners.

11.  The relay is an automatic protective and switching
device which is capable of sensing abnormal conditions
in electrical circuits.
 These are operated to open or close the load contacts in
response to one or more electrical quantities like voltage
and current.
 Relays are used to realize logic functions. They play a
very important role in providing safety critical logic.
RELAY

12.  Relays are used to provide time delay functions. They are used to time the delay open
and delay close of contacts.
 Relays are used to control high voltage circuits with the help of low voltage signals.
Similarly they are used to control high current circuits with the help of low current
signals.
 They are also used as protective relays. By this function all the faults during
transmission and reception can be detected and isolated.

13. A display device is an output device for presentation
of information in visual.
 When the input information is supplied has an
electrical signal, the display is called electronic display.
LCD DISPLAY

14. The main principle behind liquid crystal molecules is that when an electric current is
applied to them, they tend to untwist.
 This causes a change in the light angle passing through them. This causes a change in
the angle of the top polarizing filter with respect to it.
So little light is allowed to pass through that particular area of LCD. Thus that area
becomes darker comparing to others.

15. DC Motors
DC Motors are used in preparing water pumping motors
and it require basically two 200RPM motors.
 These motors require a DC supply of 12V.

16. FLOW CHART FOR MAINTAINING CONSTANT
TEMPERATURE

17. FLOWCHART FOR MOTOR ON AND OFF

18. PROGRAM
#include<LiquidCrystal.h>
#include<Adafruit_BMP085_U.h>
#include<Servo.h>
Adafruit_BMP085_Unified bmp=Adafruit_BMP085_Unified(10085);
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);
#define RELAY2 6
#define RELAY1 7
#define RELAY3 8
Servo e;
Servo f;
int p=0;
int q=0;
int S1=A0;
int S2=A1;
int S3=A2;
int S4=A3;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.begin(16,2);
pinMode(S1,INPUT);
pinMode(S2,INPUT);
pinMode(S3,INPUT);
pinMode(S4,INPUT);
pinMode(RELAY1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(RELAY2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(RELAY3,OUTPUT);
e.attach(9);
f.attach(10);
bmp.begin();
}
void loop()
{
int a=analogRead(S1);
int b=analogRead(S2);
int c=analogRead(S3);
int d=analogRead(S4);
Serial.println(a);
Serial.println(b);
Serial.println(c);
Serial.println(d);
sensors_event_t event;
bmp.getEvent(&event);
if((a>800)||(b>800)&&(c>800)||(d>800))
{
digitalWrite(RELAY2,LOW);
digitalWrite(RELAY1,LOW);
for (p=0,q=0; p<=180,q<=180 ; p=p+1,q=q+1)
{
e.write(p);
f.write(q);
delayMicroseconds(10);
}
for(p=180,q=180; p>=0,q>=0 ; p=p-1,q=q-1)
{
e.write(p);
f.write(q);
delayMicroseconds(10);
}
delay(2000);
}
if((a<800)||(b<800)&&(c>800)||(d>800))
{
digitalWrite(RELAY1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(RELAY2,LOW);
if(c<800)
{
for (q=0; q<=90 ; q=q+1)
{
f.write(q);
delayMicroseconds(10);
}
for(q=90; q>=0 ; q=q-1)
{
f.write(q);
delayMicroseconds(10);
}
}
if(d<800)
{
for (q=90; q<=180 ; q=q+1)
{
f.write(q);
delayMicroseconds(10);
}
for(q=180; q>=90 ; q=q-1)
{
f.write(q);
delayMicroseconds(10);
}
}
delay(2000);
}

19. if((a>800)||(b>800)&&(c<800)||(d<800))
{
digitalWrite(RELAY1,LOW);
digitalWrite(RELAY2,HIGH);
if(a>800)
{
for (p=0; p<=90 ; p=p+1)
{
e.write(q);
delayMicroseconds(10);
}
for(p=90; p>=0 ; p=p-1)
{
e.write(p);
delayMicroseconds(10);
}
}
if(b>800)
{
for (p=90; p<=180 ; p=p+1)
{
e.write(p);
delayMicroseconds(10);
}
for(p=180; p>=90 ; p=p-1)
{
e.write(p);
delayMicroseconds(10);
}
}
delay(2000);
}
if((a<1000)||(b<1000)&&(c<1000)||(d<1000))
{
digitalWrite(RELAY1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(RELAY2,HIGH);
delay(2000);
}
if (event.pressure)
{
Serial.print("Pressure: ");
Serial.print(event.pressure);
Serial.println(" hPa");
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("PRES=");
lcd.print(event.pressure);
lcd.print("hpa ");
float temperature;
bmp.getTemperature(&temperature);
Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.print(temperature);
Serial.println(" C");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("TEMP=");
lcd.print(temperature);
lcd.print("C ");
if(temperature>=30)
{
digitalWrite(RELAY3,LOW);
delay(2000);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(RELAY3,HIGH);
delay(2000);
}
float seaLevelPressure = SENSORS_PRESSURE_SEALEVELHPA;
Serial.print("Altitude: ");
Serial.print(bmp.pressureToAltitude(seaLevelPressure,
event.pressure));
Serial.println(" m");
Serial.println("");
}
delay(1000);
}

20. RESULTS
Figure 9.4 Prototype
PROTOTYPE OF PLANT MONITORING SYSTEM:

21. There has been proposed a new automatic monitoring of plants by creating
algorithm for farms at indoor scenarios that is based for restricted crops. It can
effectively used for a particular area and controlled by electronic gadgets. The
present approach learns the optimum usage for combining several feature
descriptors, as well as the many numbers of engineering works to be used in the
designing. The algorithm also shows the improvement of crop according to the
working is to be able to use realistic. The algorithm is divided into two different
modules. The motor module is running according to soil moisture sensor modules
and will operate. The approach achieving barometric pressure sensor which similar
to above will operate like above sensor apart from that shows the temperature and
heater will be going to work.
In future we can add a camera at the field which helps in capturing image and the
image can be transmitted to the farmer by connecting the entire system to IOT the
image can be observed from anywhere by connecting to the internet. The farmer can
control the operation of motors and heater by considering the soil moisture sensor
output.
CONCLUSION & FUTURE
SCOPE