Plant parts A Presentation ByMr. Allah dad KhanVisiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar allahdad52@gmail.com

2. Parts of Plant
A Presentation By
Mr. Allah dad Khan
Visiting Professor the University of
Agriculture Peshawar
allahdad52@gmail.com

3. Parts of the plant and their functions

4. Importance of plants
Without plants life on earth would not exist

5. Plants:
 Primary source of food for people and animals
 Produce oxygen
 help to keep us cool
 renew the air

6. Plants:
 slow wind speed
 provide a home for wildlife
 beautify surroundings
 perfume the air
 furnish building materials and fuel

7. Parts of a plant
Four basic parts
1. leaves
2. stems
3. roots
4. Flowers
5. Seed

8. Leaves
The food factory of the plant
produce the food used by the plant or stored for later
use

9. Shape and size of leaves
vary among plants used for identification of plants

10. Leaf arrangement
1. Alternate
2. Opposite
3. Whorled
– arranged in a circle around the stem

11. External leaf structure
Petiole - leaf stalk
Leaf blade (leaf)
– has veins
– forms structural framework of the leaf

12. Midrib
Large center vein from which all other leaf veins
extend

13. Margins
Edges of leaves assists in plant identification

14. Internal leaf structure
Epidermis
1. Skin of the leaf
2. Single layer of cells
3. Protects leaf from loss of too much moisture

15. Guard Cells
Open and close the small pore on the
underside of the leaf

16. Stomates
Allow the plant to breathe and transpire
– give off moisture

17. Chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll located inside the food making
cells

18. Photosynthesis
Process by which CO2 and H2O in the presence of
light are converted to sugar and oxygen

19. Chemical formula
6CO2 + 6H2O
-----> in reaction with sunlight and chlorophyll
------>
C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2

20. food
Manufactured in the leaves moves downward
through the stem to the roots
– used by the plant
– stored in stem or root and leaf in the form of sugar,
starch or protein.

21. Respiration
Plants respire 24 hours a day
consume O2 and give off CO2
plants produce more O2 through ps. Than they consume
during respiration and growth.

22. Stems
Have two main functions
– movement of water and minerals from the roots upward
and movement of manufactured food down

23. Stem functions
Support of leaves and reproductive structures

24. Stems also
Used for food storage and reproduction of plants involving
cuttings
Green stems manufacture food just as leaves do

25. External Stem Structure
lenticels- breathing pores bud scale scars-indicate
where terminal bud has been located previous year.

26. Leaf Scars
Shows where leaf was attached
Distance between the two represents one year of growth.

27. Internal Stem Structure
1. Phloem- bark, carries manufactured foods down.
2. Xylem- wood, carries water and minerals up.
3. Cambium- separates the 2 and produces all new cells.
4. Characteristic of dicots

28. Internal Stem Structure
Dicot- dicotyledon, a plant with 2 seed leaves

29. Monocot
• Monocotyledon - a plant with one seed leaf.
• Have vascular bundles, contain both xylem and phloem in
each small bundle

30. Monocot
1. stems have no cambium cells enlarge to
create size of mature stem

31. Economic Importance
1. Food
2. Building materials

32. Roots
1. Usually underground
2. functions:
1. anchor plant and hold upright
2. absorb water and minerals form soil and conduct to
stem
3. store food, & propagation

33. Root Structure
Internal
– similar to stems
– older roots have xylem, phloem and cambian

34. external
– root cap
1. produces continuous supply of new cells
2. protects roots as they push through soil

35. Structure
Root hairs
– absorb moisture and minerals
•small roots

36. Functions other than water and
mineral absorption
Cash crops for food
– carrots
– beets
– radishes
– sweet potatoes
Propagation

37. Type of root systems
Fibrous-grasses
– easier transplanting
– shorter, smaller, more compact
•lap root-carrot
– longer and fewer roots

38. Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
• pollination- color of flower attracts insects to fertilize
flower
– beginning of fruit and seed formation
• fruits and seed are attractive to birds who eat and spread
seeds.
– Reproduces plant
– some seeds carried on animals coats

39. Parts of the Flower
Differ in size, shape, and color, some basic parts
sepal
– green leaf-like part, covers and protects bud before
opening

40. Petals
Are actually leaves usually bright colors to attract
pollinating insects.

41. Parts of the Flower
Stamens
– male part of flower
– has two parts
• filament-stalk

42. Anther
•anther- sac-like structure
on top of filament,
contains pollen

43. Parts of the Flower
Pistil - female part in the center of flower has
three parts

44. Pistil
Three parts
•stigma - top - sticky
•style - tube leading from stigma to ovary

45. Ovary
Egg cells develop here grows to become fruit or
seedcoat

46. Types of Flowers
Complete
– contains 4 main parts

47. Incomplete
Does not have all 4 main parts

48. Perfect
Has stamens and pistils

49. Imperfect
Lacks stamens or pistils

50. Types of Flowers
Monoecious
– stamens and pistils are found in separate
flowers on the same plant
• ex: Corn

51. dioecious
Male or staminate flowers found on one plant,
female or pistilate flowers on another plant
•ex: holly