This document discusses the key parts and functions of plants. It covers the four basic parts: leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Leaves produce food for the plant through photosynthesis. Stems transport water, minerals, and food and provide structure. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. Flowers are for reproduction and attract pollinators through traits like color and nectar. The document details the structures and functions of each plant part at both external and internal levels.

2. Integrated Nutrient Management
(Plant Parts )
A
Series of Lecture
By
Mr. Allah Dad Khan

3. Mr. Allah Dad Khan

4. Importance of plants
Without plants life on earth
would not exist

5. Plants:
Primary source of food for
people and animals
Produce oxygen
help to keep us cool
renew the air

6. Plants:
slow wind speed
provide a home for wildlife
beautify surroundings
perfume the air
furnish building materials and
fuel

7. Parts of a plant
Four basic parts
1. leaves
2. stems
3. roots
4. flowers

8. Leaves
1) the food factory of the plant
2) produce the food used by the
plant or stored for later use

9. Shape and size of leaves
1. vary among plants
2. used for identification of
plants

10. Leaf arrangement
1. alternate
2. opposite
3. whorled
–arranged in a circle around the
stem

11. External leaf structure
1. petiole - leaf stalk
2. leaf blade (leaf)
a) has veins
b) forms structural framework of
the leaf

12. Midrib
large center vein from which all
other leaf veins extend

13. Margins
1. edges of leaves
2. assists in plant identification

14. Internal leaf structure
epidermis
a) skin of the leaf
b) single layer of cells
c) protects leaf from loss of too
much moisture

15. Guard Cells
open and close the small pore on
the underside of the leaf

16. Stomates
allow the plant to breathe and
transpire
–give off moisture

17. Chloroplasts
1. contain chlorophyll
2. located inside the food
making cells

18. Photosynthesis
process by which CO2 and H2O
in the presence of light are
converted to sugar and oxygen

19. Chemical formula
1. 6CO2 + 6H2O
2. -----> in reaction with
sunlight and chlorophyll ------
>
3. C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2

20. food
manufactured in the leaves
moves downward through the
stem to the roots
a) used by the plant
b) stored in stem or root and leaf
in the form of sugar, starch or
protein.

21. Respiration
1. plants respire 24 hours a day
2. consume O2 and give off CO2
3. plants produce more O2
through ps. Than they
consume during respiration
and growth.

22. Stems
have two main functions
–movement of water and minerals
from the roots upward and
movement of manufactured food
down

23. Stem functions
support of leaves and
reproductive structures

24. Stems also
1. used for food storage and
reproduction of plants
involving cuttings
2. Green stems manufacture
food just as leaves do

25. External Stem Structure
1. lenticels- breathing pores
2. bud scale scars-indicate where
terminal bud has been located
previous year.

26. Leaf Scars
1. shows where leaf was
attached
2. Distance between the two
represents one year of growth.

27. Internal Stem Structure
1. phloem- bark, carries
manufactured foods down.
2. Xylem- wood, carries water and
minerals up.
3. Cambium- separates the 2 and
produces all new cells.
4. Characteristic of dicots

28. Internal Stem Structure
dicot- dicotyledon, a plant with 2
seed leaves

29. Monocot
1. Monocotyledon - a plant with
one seed leaf.
2. Have vascular bundles,
contain both xylem and
phloem in each small bundle

30. Monocot
1. stems have no cambium
2. cells enlarge to create size of
mature stem

31. Economic Importance
1. food
2. building materials

32. Roots
Usually underground functions:
a) anchor plant and hold upright
b) absorb water and minerals
form soil and conduct to stem
c) store food, & propagation

33. Root Structure
internal
1. similar to stems
2. older roots have xylem,
phloem and cambian

34. external
root cap
1. produces continuous
supply of new cells
2. protects roots as they push
through soil

35. Structure
root hairs
–absorb moisture and minerals
small roots

36. Functions other than water
and mineral absorption
cash crops for food
1. carrots
2. beets
3. radishes
4. sweet potatoes
propagation

37. Type of root systems
1.fibrous-grasses
1. easier transplanting
2. shorter, smaller, more compact
2. lap root-carrot
a) longer and fewer roots

38. Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
1. pollination- color of flower attracts
insects to fertilize flower
1. beginning of fruit and seed formation
2. fruits and seed are attractive to
birds who eat and spread seeds.
A. Reproduces plant
B. some seeds carried on animals coats

39. Parts of the Flower
1. differ in size, shape, and
color, some basic parts
2. sepal
a) green leaf-like part, covers
and protects bud before
opening

40. Petals
1. are actually leaves
2. usually bright colors to attract
pollinating insects.

41. Parts of the Flower
stamens
a) male part of flower
b) has two parts
c) filament-stalk

42. Anther
anther- sac-like structure
on top of filament, contains
pollen

43. Parts of the Flower
1. Pistil - female part
2. in the center of flower
3. has three parts

44. Pistil
1. three parts
2. stigma - top - sticky
3. style - tube leading from
stigma to ovary

45. Ovary
1. egg cells develop here
2. grows to become fruit or
seedcoat

46. Types of Flowers
complete
–contains 4 main parts

47. Incomplete
does not have all 4 main parts

48. Perfect
has stamens and pistils

49. Imperfect
lacks stamens or pistils

50. Types of Flowers
monoecious
–stamens and pistils are found
in separate flowers on the
same plant
ex: Corn

51. dioecious
1. male or staminate flowers
found on one plant, female or
pistilate flowers on another
plant
2. ex: holly