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República Bolivariana de Venezuela.
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educación Universitaria.
Universidad Politécnica Territorial del Estado Andrés Eloy Blanco.
Barquisimeto-Estado Lara
Plano Numérico.
Prof: Eslimar Suarez.
Estudiante: Griselis Mendoza #29
Sección: TU0101
C.I: 30.301.396
 Sean A y B dos conjuntos cualquieras no nulos de números Reales. Se denomina Producto Cartesiano de A y B,
denotado por A × B, al conjunto formado por todos los pares ordenados (x, y) donde x ϵ A y, y ϵ B
.
A× B={(x, y) / x ϵ A ˄ y ϵ B}
Ejemplo: Si A{1,2,3,4} y B{a, b, c}. Hallar A× B y B×A
A×B={(1,a),(1,b),(1,c),(2,a),(2,b),(2,c),(3,a),(3,b),(3,c),(4,a),(4,b),(4,c)}
B×A={(a,1),(a,2),(a,3),(a,4),(b,1),(b,2),(b,3),(b,4),(c,1),(c,2),(c,3),(c,4)}
 Nótese que A×B ≠ B×A debido a que los elementos son pares ordenados.
 Se denomina Plano coordenado ʀ2, al conjunto formado por todos los
pares ordenados (x, y) donde x, y ϵ ʀ.
ʀ2= ʀ×ʀ={(x, y) / x ϵ ʀ ˄ y ϵ ʀ}
Plano numérico.
 Gráficamente.
Plano numérico.
Y
I _Cuadrante
X
IV_Cuadrante
III_Cuadrante
II_Cuadrante
Cuadrante x y
I + +
II - +
III - -
IV + -
Ejemplo: Graficar los siguientes puntos en el plano (3,5), (2,3), (4,5) y (3,2).
(3, 5)
Y
X
(4, -5)
(-2, -3)
(-3, 2)
4
-5
-3
3
-2
-3
5
2
 Sean P1=(x1, y1) y P2 = (x2, y2) dos puntos en ʀ2 . La Distancia no dirigida entre P1 y P2, está dada por:
d(P1P2)= 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏
𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏
𝟐
Distancia.
X1 X2
(x2 - x1)
y1
y2
Y
X
P1
P2
(y1 - y2)
d(P1P2)
 Sean P1 = (x1, y1) y P2 =(x2, y2) dos puntos en ʀ2. El punto medio entre los puntos P1 y P2, está dada por:
M= (x, y); x=
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐
𝟐
, y =
𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
𝟐
x - x1= x2 −𝒙 2x= x1 + x2
x=
𝒙𝟏+𝒙𝟐
𝟐
y1 - y = y - y2 y1 + y2 = 2y
y=
𝒚𝟏+𝒚𝟐
𝟐
Punto medio.
y1
y
y2
(y1 – y)
(y – y2)
P1
M=
𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐
𝟐
,
𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
𝟐
P2
Y
X
X1 X X2
(X - X1) (X2 – X)
 Una Circunferencia es el conjunto de puntos en R2 que equidistan de un punto fijo. Al punto fijo se le denomina
Centro de la circunferencia y a la distancia constante, se le denomina Radio.
 Ecuación Centro-Radio: Si el centro es (h, k) y el radio es r, entonces:
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2= r2
 Ecuación General de la circunferencia: x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F= 0 , donde
D= -2h; E = -2k; F= h2+ k2- r2
Circunferencia.
 Representa el conjunto de puntos en R2 que satisfacen cualquiera de las siguientes ecuaciones.
1.
𝒙𝟐
𝒂𝟐 +
𝒚𝟐
𝒃𝟐 =1; a ≠ b ˄ a, b ˃ 0
(Elipse centrada en el origen)
2.
𝒙 −𝒉 𝟐
𝒂𝟐 +
𝒚 −𝒌 𝟐
𝒃𝟐 =1; a ≠ b ˄ a, b ˃ 0
(Elipse centrada en (H,K))
 Forma General de la Elipse:
Ax
2
+ By
2
+ Dx + Ey + F = 0
Elipse.
b
- a
-b
X
Y
b
b
a
a
- a
a
a
- b
Y
X
h
k
b
* Representa el conjunto de puntos en R2 que satisfacen cualquiera de las siguientes ecuaciones .
1. ±
𝒙𝟐
𝒂𝟐 ∓
𝒚𝟐
𝒃𝟐= 1; a ≠ b ˄ a, b ˃ 0 (Hipérbolas centrada en el origen)
2. ±
(𝒙−𝒉)𝟐
𝒂𝟐 ∓
(𝒚−𝒌)𝟐
𝒃𝟐 = 1; a ≠ b ˄ a, b ˃ 0 (Hipérbolas centrada en (h,k)).
* Forma General de la Hipérbola: Ax2 + By2 + Dx + Ey + F= 0
Para mayor facilidad estudiaremos por separado los gráficos de las ecuaciones según cada eje principal.
a) El gráfico de la Hipérbola con eje principal X, está dada por:
𝒙𝟐
𝒂𝟐 −
𝒚𝟐
𝒃𝟐=1
(𝒙−𝒉)𝟐
𝒂𝟐 −
(𝒚−𝒌)𝟐
𝒃𝟐 = 1
Hipérbolas.
Y
X
-b
b
a
-a
k
Y
X
h
Hipérbola centrada en el origen. Hipérbola centrada en (h,k)
b) El grafico de la Hipérbola con eje principal Y, está dada por:
𝒙𝟐
𝒂𝟐 −
𝒚𝟐
𝒃𝟐=1
(𝒙−𝒉)𝟐
𝒂𝟐 −
(𝒚−𝒌)𝟐
𝒃𝟐 = 1
Hipérbolas.
b
-b
a
-a
h
k
Y
X
Y
X
-a a
-b
b
Hipérbola centrada en el origen Hipérbola centrada en (h,k)
Bibliografía.
Libro texto de Matemática Inicial Capítulo II: Números Reales y Plano
Numérico

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Plano numerico.

  • 1. República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educación Universitaria. Universidad Politécnica Territorial del Estado Andrés Eloy Blanco. Barquisimeto-Estado Lara Plano Numérico. Prof: Eslimar Suarez. Estudiante: Griselis Mendoza #29 Sección: TU0101 C.I: 30.301.396
  • 2.  Sean A y B dos conjuntos cualquieras no nulos de números Reales. Se denomina Producto Cartesiano de A y B, denotado por A × B, al conjunto formado por todos los pares ordenados (x, y) donde x ϵ A y, y ϵ B . A× B={(x, y) / x ϵ A ˄ y ϵ B} Ejemplo: Si A{1,2,3,4} y B{a, b, c}. Hallar A× B y B×A A×B={(1,a),(1,b),(1,c),(2,a),(2,b),(2,c),(3,a),(3,b),(3,c),(4,a),(4,b),(4,c)} B×A={(a,1),(a,2),(a,3),(a,4),(b,1),(b,2),(b,3),(b,4),(c,1),(c,2),(c,3),(c,4)}  Nótese que A×B ≠ B×A debido a que los elementos son pares ordenados.  Se denomina Plano coordenado ʀ2, al conjunto formado por todos los pares ordenados (x, y) donde x, y ϵ ʀ. ʀ2= ʀ×ʀ={(x, y) / x ϵ ʀ ˄ y ϵ ʀ} Plano numérico.
  • 3.  Gráficamente. Plano numérico. Y I _Cuadrante X IV_Cuadrante III_Cuadrante II_Cuadrante Cuadrante x y I + + II - + III - - IV + - Ejemplo: Graficar los siguientes puntos en el plano (3,5), (2,3), (4,5) y (3,2). (3, 5) Y X (4, -5) (-2, -3) (-3, 2) 4 -5 -3 3 -2 -3 5 2
  • 4.  Sean P1=(x1, y1) y P2 = (x2, y2) dos puntos en ʀ2 . La Distancia no dirigida entre P1 y P2, está dada por: d(P1P2)= 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 𝟐 Distancia. X1 X2 (x2 - x1) y1 y2 Y X P1 P2 (y1 - y2) d(P1P2)
  • 5.  Sean P1 = (x1, y1) y P2 =(x2, y2) dos puntos en ʀ2. El punto medio entre los puntos P1 y P2, está dada por: M= (x, y); x= 𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝟐 , y = 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 𝟐 x - x1= x2 −𝒙 2x= x1 + x2 x= 𝒙𝟏+𝒙𝟐 𝟐 y1 - y = y - y2 y1 + y2 = 2y y= 𝒚𝟏+𝒚𝟐 𝟐 Punto medio. y1 y y2 (y1 – y) (y – y2) P1 M= 𝑿𝟏 + 𝑿𝟐 𝟐 , 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 𝟐 P2 Y X X1 X X2 (X - X1) (X2 – X)
  • 6.  Una Circunferencia es el conjunto de puntos en R2 que equidistan de un punto fijo. Al punto fijo se le denomina Centro de la circunferencia y a la distancia constante, se le denomina Radio.  Ecuación Centro-Radio: Si el centro es (h, k) y el radio es r, entonces: (x – h)2 + (y – k)2= r2  Ecuación General de la circunferencia: x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F= 0 , donde D= -2h; E = -2k; F= h2+ k2- r2 Circunferencia.
  • 7.  Representa el conjunto de puntos en R2 que satisfacen cualquiera de las siguientes ecuaciones. 1. 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒃𝟐 =1; a ≠ b ˄ a, b ˃ 0 (Elipse centrada en el origen) 2. 𝒙 −𝒉 𝟐 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒚 −𝒌 𝟐 𝒃𝟐 =1; a ≠ b ˄ a, b ˃ 0 (Elipse centrada en (H,K))  Forma General de la Elipse: Ax 2 + By 2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0 Elipse. b - a -b X Y b b a a - a a a - b Y X h k b
  • 8. * Representa el conjunto de puntos en R2 que satisfacen cualquiera de las siguientes ecuaciones . 1. ± 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝟐 ∓ 𝒚𝟐 𝒃𝟐= 1; a ≠ b ˄ a, b ˃ 0 (Hipérbolas centrada en el origen) 2. ± (𝒙−𝒉)𝟐 𝒂𝟐 ∓ (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐 𝒃𝟐 = 1; a ≠ b ˄ a, b ˃ 0 (Hipérbolas centrada en (h,k)). * Forma General de la Hipérbola: Ax2 + By2 + Dx + Ey + F= 0 Para mayor facilidad estudiaremos por separado los gráficos de las ecuaciones según cada eje principal. a) El gráfico de la Hipérbola con eje principal X, está dada por: 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 𝒃𝟐=1 (𝒙−𝒉)𝟐 𝒂𝟐 − (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐 𝒃𝟐 = 1 Hipérbolas. Y X -b b a -a k Y X h Hipérbola centrada en el origen. Hipérbola centrada en (h,k)
  • 9. b) El grafico de la Hipérbola con eje principal Y, está dada por: 𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 𝒃𝟐=1 (𝒙−𝒉)𝟐 𝒂𝟐 − (𝒚−𝒌)𝟐 𝒃𝟐 = 1 Hipérbolas. b -b a -a h k Y X Y X -a a -b b Hipérbola centrada en el origen Hipérbola centrada en (h,k)
  • 10. Bibliografía. Libro texto de Matemática Inicial Capítulo II: Números Reales y Plano Numérico