Animation has evolved significantly from its early origins. Some key developments include the first animation in a phenakistoscope disc, the oldest hand-drawn animated film created in 1908, and the first animated feature film released in 1917. There are several types of animation such as traditional 2D animation, 3D computer animation, and stop motion. Animation for games requires more complex features to create cycles for every aspect, while motion capture is used for both games and movies. Modern animation trends include blending 2D and 3D, hyper-surrealism, and a resurgence of 2D animation in marketing.

1. HOW HAS
ANIMATION
CHANGED?
R E S E A R C H

2. HISTORY OF ANIMATION
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation#History
• First animation was a phenakistoscope disc by Eadweard Muybridge.
• Oldest animated film (hand drawn) in 1908 by Emile Cohl.
• The Apostle was a 1917 Argentine animated film using cutout animation, and the
world's first animated feature film.

3. TYPES OF ANIMATION
• https://www.bloopanimation.com/types-of-animation/
• Traditional animation
• Cell drawn hand animation, traditionally drawn on paper with a pencil and then finished with pen. Some
animators do “tradigital” animation which is hand drawn illustrations for each frame on the computer.
• 2D Vector-based animation
• 3D computer animation
• Motion graphics
• Most motion graphics are expensive and time consuming.
• Stop motion
• Physically manipulated real world objects such as sculptures or puppets to create an animation. This process
takes a long time as each second is 24 frames which means the that there has to be 24 different photos for
one second of footage. This results in the production time being very long.

4. PHASES OF ANIMATION
• https://www.bloopanimation.com/6-steps-of-animation/
• Shooting reference video
• Key posing
• Blocking
• Splining
• Smoothing
• Adding life

5. CAREERS IN ANIMATION• https://www.prospects.ac.uk/careers-advice/what-can-i-do-with-my-degree/animation
• Animator
• Concept artist
• Games developer
• Graphic designer
• Illustrator
• VFX artist
• Web designer
• Advertising art director
• Artworker
• Exhibition designer
• Film director
• Film/video editor
• Game artist
• Multimedia specialist
• Music producer
• Production designer, theatre/television/film
• Television production coordinator
• Television/film/video producer

6. ANIMATION IN GAMES VS MOVIES
• https://www.pluralsight.com/blog/film-games/how-animation-for-games-is-different-
from-animation-for-movies
• Game animation has a lot more complex features. This is because you have to create
an animation cycle for every aspect of the game. Animated games have a lot more
screen time than movies which is why games take a lot longer to develop.
• Motion capture is used for both games and movies. This is because it can capture the
realism of human movement and it’s a little easier than doing frame by frame or 3d
animation.

7. NEWER TYPES OF ANIMATION
• https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/the-6-latest-greatest-trends-in-animation/
• 3D Looks to Retro & Vintage
• High Contrast Cel Animation
• 2D and 3D, Together
• Hyper-Surrealism
• Hyper-Surrealism
• Resurgence of 2D Animation in Marketing

8. ESSAY LAYOUT PLAN
• Intro- Talk about what I’m going to speak about and why I have chosen animation.
• History of Animation- Speak about how it started and its most significant changes over
the early years.
• Different Types of Animation- Talk a little more in depth about the main types of
animation and say which ones I prefer and why and how they have changed the
industry and are different from the older types.
• Animation in Games vs Movies- Speak about how these two types of animation are
different, why there made differently and what changes as a result. Also speak about
how they have progressed over time.
• Modern Day Animation- Link back to the history of animation and why it has led to
these newer techniques. Speak about how I feel about each one of these newer types
of animation.

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Unknown. (2019). Animation. Available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation#History.
Last accessed 8th October.
• Bloop Animation Studios LLC. (2019). 5 Types of Animation. Available:
https://www.bloopanimation.com/types-of-animation/. Last accessed 8th October 2019.
• Bloop Animation Studios LLC. (2019). 6 Stages of Animation. Available:
https://www.bloopanimation.com/6-steps-of-animation/. Last accessed 8th October 2019.
• Unknown. (2019). What is 2D Animation. Available:
https://learn.org/articles/What_is_2D_Animation.html. Last accessed 8th October 2019.
• AGCAS Editors. (2019). What Can I Do With An Animation Degree?. Available:
https://www.prospects.ac.uk/careers-advice/what-can-i-do-with-my-degree/animation. Last
accessed 8th October 2019.
• Pluralsight. (2014). How Animation for Games is Different from Animation for Movies.
Available: https://www.pluralsight.com/blog/film-games/how-animation-for-games-is-
different-from-animation-for-movies. Last accessed 8th October 2019.
• New York Film Academy. (2018). the 6 Latest & Greatest Trends in Animation. Available:
https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/the-6-latest-greatest-trends-in-animation/. Last
accessed 15th October 2019.