This document discusses concepts related to planning. It defines planning as preparing a sequence of action steps to achieve a specific goal. An effective plan can reduce the necessary time and effort to achieve the goal. A plan provides direction like a map, allowing progress toward the goal to be tracked. Planning is crucial for meeting resource needs at each step and can help identify and address potential problems earlier. The advantages of planning include providing direction, reducing risks and uncertainties, minimizing overlapping activities, promoting innovative ideas, facilitating decision making, and establishing standards for control.

1. SOME BASIC CONCEPTS

2. PLANNING
 Planning is preparing a sequence of action steps to
achieve some specific goal
 If you do it effectively, you can reduce much the
necessary time and effort of achieving the goal.

3. PLANNING
 A plan is like a map.
 When following a plan, you can always see how much
you have progressed towards your project goal and
how far you are from your destination.
 Knowing where you are is essential for making good
decisions on where to go or what to do next.

4. PLANNING
 Planning is also crucial for meeting your needs during
each action step with your time, money, or other
resources.
 With careful planning you often can see if at some
point you are likely to face a problem.
 It is much easier to adjust your plan to avoid or
smoothen a coming crisis, rather than to deal with the
crisis when it comes unexpected.

5. PLANNING
ADVANTAGES

6. Planning Provides Direction:
 Under the process of planning the objectives of the
organization are defined in simple and clear words.
 The obvious outcome of this is that all the employees
get a direction and all their efforts are focused towards
a particular end.
 In this way, planning has an important role in the
attainment of the objectives of the organization.

7. Planning Reduces Risks of
Uncertainty:
 Planning is always done for future and future is
uncertain.
 With the help of planning possible changes in future
are anticipated and various activities are planned in
the best possible way.
 In this way, the risk of future uncertainties can be
minimized.

8. Planning Reduces Overlapping
and Wasteful Activities:
 Under planning, future activities are planned in order
to achieve objectives.
 Consequently, the problems of when, where, what and
why are almost decided.
 This puts an end to disorder and suspicion.
 In such a situation coordination is established among
different activities and departments.

9. Planning Promotes Innovative
Ideas:
 It is clear that planning selects the best alternative out
of the many available
 All these alternatives do not come to the manager on
their own, but they have to be discovered.
 While making such an effort of discovery, many new
ideas emerge and they are studied intensively in order
to determine the best out of them.

10. Planning Facilitates Decision
Making:
 Under it, a variety of alternatives are discovered and
the best alternative is chosen.
 The planning sets the target for decision making. It
also lays down the criteria for evaluating courses of
action. In this way, planning facilitates decision
making.

11. Planning Establishes Standards for
Controlling:
 By determining the objectives of the organization
through planning all the people working in the
organization and all the departments are informed
about ‘when’, ‘what’ and ‘how’ to do things.