The seminar, led by Professor Aboul Ella Hassanien, focuses on understanding plagiarism, its types, consequences, and how to avoid it in research writing. It emphasizes the importance of proper citation and academic integrity to protect intellectual property and prevent serious reputational damage. Tools and strategies for recognizing and preventing plagiarism are also discussed, aiming to enhance the quality of research and education in Egypt.

1. Seminar on
How to write research papers without
being called plagiarist
Plagiarist someone who
uses another person's words or
ideas as if they were his own
Plagiarizing, or representing someone else's ideas or words as your own, will
cause problems for people in any stage of life
By
Professor Aboul Ella Hassanien,
Chair of Scientific Research Group in Egypt
Cairo University
Faculty of Computers & Information
Information Technology Department
29 April 2017 Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University

2. Seminar on How to write research papers without
being called plagiarist: Big image
https://thrivingtiger.wordpress.com/

3. The essential mission of SRGE toward the research
and education in Egypt is to foster learning and
promoting research integrity in the current and next
generation of researchers in Egypt. SRGE is
rededicating itself to this fundamental purpose.
**Slides are adapted from several resources on the
internet

4. Permission

5. Agenda
 Important!
 Plagiarism
 What is it?
 What type of plagiarism are their
 What are the consequences
 Why is it so bad
 How do we find out plagiarism
 How can it be avoided
 Citations
 What is citation
 What should you use sources
 What should you cite
 What do you not need to cite
 How should you cite
 How to quote, paraphrase and
summarize
 Be good citizen

6. Plagiarism
 Plagiarism is the act of stealing
someone else's work and
attempting to "pass it off" as
your own.
 This can apply to anything, from
term papers to photographs to
songs, even ideas!
 When you use another author’s
intellectual property—language,
visuals, or ideas—in your own
writing without giving proper
credit, you commit a kind of
academic theft called plagiarism
 For purposes of the Stanford
University Honor Code,
 Plagiarism is defined as the
use, without giving
reasonable and appropriate
credit to or acknowledging
the author or source, of
another person's original
work, whether such work is
made up of code, formulas,
ideas, language, research,
strategies, writing or other
form(s)."

7. But can words and ideas really
be stolen?
 The expression of original ideas is considered intellectual property, and is
protected by copyright laws, just like original inventions. Almost all forms
of expression fall under copyright protection as long as they are recorded
in some way (such as a book or a computer file).
 All of the following are considered plagiarism:
 turning in someone else's work as your own
 copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
 failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
 giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
 changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
 copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work,
whether you give credit or not

8. What type of plagiarism are their
 Direct Plagiarism
 Self Plagiarism
 Mosaic Plagiarism
 Accidental Plagiarism
There are different types of plagiarism and
all are serious violations of academic
honesty.

9. What type of plagiarism are their
*Double Submission - Submitting the
same essay for two separate
assessments or in two different classes.

10. What type of plagiarism are their?
Clone
An act of submitting another’s work (word-form-word)
as one’s own
Ctrl-C
A written piece that contains significant portions of
the text from a single source without alteration
Find-
Replace
Remix
Recycle
Hybrid
The act of changing key words and phrases but retaining ‫االبقاء‬ the
sentential content of the source in the paper
An act of paraphrasing from other sources and making
the content fit together seamlessly ‫بسالسة‬
The act of borrowing generously from one’s own
previous work without citation (self plagiarism)
The act of combining perfectly cited sources with
copied passages – without citation – in one paper
Mash up
404 Error
Aggregation
A paper that represents a mix of copied
material from several different sources without paper citation
Re-tweet
A written piece that included citations to no-existent or inaccurate
information about sources
The aggregator includes paper citation but the paper
contains almost no original work
The paper includes paper citation but relies too closely
on the text’s original wording and/or structure
www.plagarizm.org

11. Consequences of Plagiarism
Playing with fire
 The consequences of plagiarism can
be personal, professional, ethical,
and legal. With plagiarism detection
software so readily available and in
use, plagiarists are being caught at an
alarming rate.
 Once accused of plagiarism, a person
will most likely always be regarded
with suspicion. Ignorance is not an
excuse. Plagiarists include
academics, professionals, students,
journalists, authors, and others.
 Destroyed Student Reputation
 Destroyed Professional Reputation
 Destroyed Academic Reputation
 Legal Repercussions
 Monetary Repercussions
 Plagiarized Research
http://www.ithenticate.com/resources/6-consequences-of-plagiarism

12. Consequences of Plagiarism
Destroyed Academic Reputation
The consequences of plagiarism have been widely
reported in the world of academia. Once scarred with
plagiarism allegations, an academic’s career can be
ruined. Publishing is an integral part of a prestigious
academic career. To lose the ability to publish most
likely means the end of an academic position and a
destroyed reputation.
Legal Repercussions
The legal repercussions of plagiarism can be quite serious.
Copyright laws are absolute. One cannot use another person’s
material without citation and reference. An author has the right
to sue a plagiarist. Some plagiarism may also be deemed a
criminal offense, possibly leading to a prison sentence.
Destroyed Student Reputation
Plagiarism allegations can cause a student to be suspended or
expelled. Their academic record can reflect the ethics
offense, possibly causing the student to be barred from
entering college from high school or another college.
Schools, colleges, and universities take plagiarism very
seriously. Most educational institutions have academic
integrity committees who police students. Many
schools suspend students for their first violation.
Students are usually expelled for further offences.
Destroyed Professional Reputation
A professional business person, politician, or public figure
may find that the damage from plagiarism follows them
for their entire career. Not only will they likely be fired
or asked to step down from their present position, but
they will surely find it difficult to obtain another
respectable job.
Monetary Repercussions
Many recent news reports and articles have exposed
plagiarism by journalists, authors, public figures,
and researchers. In the case where an author sues a
plagiarist, the author may be granted monetary
restitution. In the case where a journalist works for a
magazine, newspaper or other publisher, or even if a
student is found plagiarizing in school, the offending
plagiarist could have to pay monetary penalties.
Plagiarized Research
Plagiarized research is an especially egregious form of plagiarism.
If the research is medical in nature,
the consequences of plagiarism could mean the
loss of peoples’ lives. This kind of
plagiarism is particularly heinous.
http://www.ithenticate.com/resources/6-consequences-of-plagiarism

13. Why is it so bad?
 Many people think of plagiarism as copying another's work, or
borrowing someone else's original ideas. But terms like
"copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the seriousness of the
offense:
 According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to
"plagiarize" means
 to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
 to use (another's production) without crediting the source
 to commit literary theft
 to present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing
source.
 In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both
stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward.
Yes, words and ideas can really be stolen
A scientific institution needs Scientifics professionals able to produce knowledge reasonable for their own writing, of high
personal and scientific integrity and add to the reputation of their instauration

14. Why is it so bad?
 A scientific institution needs Scientifics professionals able to produce
knowledge reasonable for their own writing, of high personal and
scientific integrity and add to the reputation of their instauration

15. How do we find out about plagiarism
Plagiarism Checker
Copyscape: A great tool for quick plagiarism searches.
Plagium: A Copyscape alternative that is free and based on Yahoo!
Google Alerts: A free service that can automate basic plagiarism checks and email you results.
FairSare: A tool to detect misuse of content in an RSS feed.
Digital Fingerprint Plugin: A WordPress plugin to detect RSS scraping.
Tineye: A visual search engine that looks for copies of an image.
FeedBurner: Offers feed modification and analysis tools that can make detecting RSS scraping much easier.

16. How can you prevent it
Prevent
WRITING YOUR
PAPER
WHEN IN DOUBT, CITE
SOURCES
ANALYSIS AND
EVALUATE YOUR
SOURCES
MAKE IT CLEAR WHO
SAID WHAT (CITATION)
PLANNING YOUR
PAPER
CONSULT WITH YOUR
SUPERVISOR
KNOW HOW TO QUOTE,
PARAPHRASE AND
SUMMARIZE
PARAPHRASE

17. How can you prevent it
TAKE EFFECTIVE NOTES WHEN IN DOUBT, CITE
SOURCES
 One of the best ways to prepare for a research
paper is by taking thorough notes from all of
your sources so that you have much of the
information organized before you begin writing.
On the other hand, poor note-taking can lead to
many problems-- including improper citations
and misquotations, both of which are forms of
plagiarism! To avoid confusion about your
sources, try using different colored fonts, pens,
or pencils for each one, and make sure you
clearly distinguish your own ideas from those
you found elsewhere. Also, get in the habit of
marking page numbers, and make sure that you
record bibliographic information or web
addresses for every source right away-- finding
them again later when you are trying to finish
your paper can be a nightmare!
 Of course you want to get credit for your
own ideas. And, you don't want your
instructor to think that you got all of your
information from somewhere else. But if it is
unclear whether an idea in your paper really
came from you, or whether you got it from
somewhere else and just changed it a little,
you should always cite your source. Instead
of weakening your paper and making it seem
like you have fewer original ideas, this will
actually strengthen your paper by:
 showing that you are not just copying other
ideas but are processing and adding to
them,
 lending outside support to the ideas that are
completely yours, and
 highlighting the originality of your ideas by
making clear distinctions between them and
ideas you have gotten elsewhere

18. How can you prevent it
MAKE IT CLEAR WHO
SAID WHAT
KNOW HOW TO
PARAPHRASE
 Even if you cite sources, ambiguity in your
phrasing can often disguise the real source
of any given idea, causing inadvertent
plagiarism. Make sure when you mix your
own ideas with those of your sources that
you always clearly distinguish them. If you
are discussing the ideas of more than one
person, watch out for confusing pronouns.
 For example, imagine you are talking about
Harold Bloom's discussion of James Joyce's
opinion of Shakespeare, and you write: "He
brilliantly portrayed the situation of a writer in
society at that time." Who is the "He" in this
sentence? Bloom, Joyce, or Shakespeare? Who
is the "writer": Joyce, Shakespeare, or one of
their characters? Always make sure to
distinguish who said what, and give credit to
the right person.
 A paraphrase is a restatement in your own
words of someone else's ideas. Changing
a few words of the original sentences
does NOT make your writing a legitimate
paraphrase. You must change both the
words and the sentence structure of the
original, without changing the content.
Also, you should keep in mind that
paraphrased passages still require citation
because the ideas came from another
source, even though you are putting them
in your own words.

19. How can you prevent it
ANALYZE AND EVALUATE
YOUR SOURCES
 Not all sources on the web are
worth citing-- in fact, many of them
are just plain wrong. So how do you
tell the good ones apart? For
starters, make sure you know the
author(s) of the page, where they
got their information, and when
they wrote it (getting this
information is also an important
step in avoiding plagiarism!). Then
you should determine how credible
you feel the source is: how well
they support their ideas, the quality
of the writing, the accuracy of the
information provided,

20. How can you prevent it
CONSULT WITH YOUR
SUPERVISOUR
PLAN YOUR PAPER
 Have questions about plagiarism? If
you can't find the answers on our site
or are unsure about something, you
should ask your instructor. He or she
will most likely be very happy to
answer your questions. You can also
check out the guidelines for citing
sources properly. If you follow them
and the rest of the advice on this
page, you should have no problems
with plagiarism.
 Planning your paper well is the first and
most important step you can take toward
preventing plagiarism. If you know you
are going to use other sources of
information, you need to plan how you
are going to include them in your paper.
This means working out a balance
between the ideas you have taken from
other sources and your own, original
ideas. Writing an outline or coming up
with a thesis statement in which you
clearly formulate an argument about the
information you find will help establish
the boundaries between your ideas and
those of your sources.

21. HOW TO PARAPHRASE
 Quoting: To quote is to include the
identical wording from the original source
in your paper. Quoted material in your
paper is distinguished from your own
words by the use of " " or by indenting the
quoted text (if quoting a longer passage).
In addition to quotation marks or
indenting, all quoted material should also
be cited, using either footnotes, endnotes,
or in-text citation.
 Paraphrasing: To paraphrase is to
include the ideas or information from an
original source in your paper by
rephrasing those ideas or information
in your own words. The key to successful
paraphrasing is to use as few words as
possible from the original text--be mindful
not to change the meaning that you are
trying to convey as you rephrase--and to
cite your paraphrase. Without proper
citation, your paraphrase could be
construed as plagiarism.
http://www.plagiarism.org/
Six steps to effectively paraphrasing along with a few
examples can be found on the Purdue Online Writing
Lab website.
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/619/1/

22. Break!

23. Citation
 A way of giving credit for someone's
thinking, writing or research
 You mark the material when you use it (a
citation) and give the full identification at
the end (a reference)
 In academic writing you are obliged to
attribute every piece of material you use to
its author

24. Citation Why?
 Participate in a community of scholars
 Enable others to build on or verify your
research
 Show your familiarity with other scholars'
ideas on a subject
 Give credit to others for their work
 Differentiate between which ideas are yours
and which come from others
 Develop within yourself academic and
personal integrity
 Avoid the serious academic and personal
consequences of plagiarizing
Citing sources allows you to:

25. What to Cite
 Exact words or specific ideas
from…
 Books, magazines, journals,
movies, plays, TV, web pages,
music, newspapers
 Personal conversations and
correspondence
 Presentations, speeches
 Illustrations, diagrams, charts,
pictures, etc.
 Collaboration with classmates
 Citation and Style
Guides
 Scholars use a variety of
different styles of academic
citation, using footnotes,
endnotes or in-text citations and
presenting information in a
variety of different forms. These
styles of academic citation vary
by discipline and department,
and your professor may ask you
to use a particular citation style
in your written work.
For Styles Guideline visit
https://library.bowdoin.edu/help/citationguides-a-z.shtml

26. What do [don’t] YOU need to
cite?
You should always provide
references for
 Direct quotations
 Summaries, paraphrases
 Statistics
 Charts, graphs, diagrams
 Controversial interpretations
 Results of others’ research
You don’t need to provide
references for
 Common knowledge or facts—
NOTE: this does not mean you
can copy from texts word-for-
word.
 You don’t need to cite ideas
and arguments that you come
up with on your own.

27. How? Citation or reference
style
 A citation style or reference system is a standardised system for
referring to materials used in your writing
 There are several different citation styles developed independently
by professional organisations

28. Protected or Not Protected
under copyright law
What is protected by
copyright?
What is not protected by
copyright?
 The following may be protected
under copyright law:
 Literary works (e.g., written works,
source codes of computer programs)
 Dramatic works (e.g.,. scripts for
films and dramas)
 Musical works (e.g., melodies)
 Artistic works (e.g., paintings,
photographs)
 Published editions of the above works
 Sound recordings
 Films
 Television and radio broadcasts
 Cable programmes
 Performances
 The following may be NOT
protected under copyright law:
 Ideas or concepts
 Discoveries
 Procedures
 Methods
 Works or other subject matter that have not
be made in a tangible form in a recording
or writing
 Subject matter that is not of original
authorship

29. •Be a good academic citizen
•Know what you’re doing
•Keep track of what you’ve done
•Back everything up
•Don’t Lie (fabrications)
•Don’t Cheat (falsifications)
•Don’t Steal (plagiarism)
•Publish your discoveries
Finally…