Pixie Dust - SIGGGRAPH 2014
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This document proposes a new technique called "Pixie Dust" that uses an acoustic potential field generated by phased arrays to levitate and animate small objects for graphical display and interaction. It summarizes the theory behind acoustic levitation using phased arrays, demonstrates the implementation of an acoustic potential field generator, and evaluates the workspace and speed capabilities. Potential applications explored include projection screens, spatial displays, and vector graphics displays. Future work areas discussed are wave synthesis, multi-layer displays, and production processes.
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Pixie Dust - SIGGGRAPH 2014
- 1. Pixie Dust: Graphics Generated by Levitated and Animated Objects in a Computational Acoustic-Potential Field Yoichi Ochiai, Takayuki Hoshi, Jun Rekimoto The University of Tokyo, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Sony CSL
- 2. Pixie Dust Beyond the “Pixels”, like a “Magic” Small “Pixies” are Animated and Levitated in the air. Pixie Dust: Graphics Generated by Levitated and Animated Objects in a Computational Acoustic-Potential Field
- 3. ! Yoichi Ochiai Media Artist PhD candidate at The University of Tokyo Microsoft Research Colloidal Display: BRDF Bubble Screen Spinning Top Display Pixie Dust: Graphical Levitation Also you can see my work in this year’s SIGGRAPH Art Gallery. Research Interest Dynamic physicalization of Computer Graphics “What would happen?” “If the real world things had the characteristics like computer graphics model ” As an independent Media Artist SIGGRAPH 2014 SIGGRAPH 2011 SIGGRAPH 2014 2 SIGGRAPH2013,2012 Rendering Real Circuit SIGGRAPH 2010
- 4. Introduction “Computational Field” Pixie Dust: Graphics Generated by Levitated and Animated Objects in a Computational Acoustic-Potential Field
- 5. Graphics in the Art. Oil painting is rendered by Artist and Oil paint
- 6. Graphics on a LCD screen Rendered by ! LCD and Photons
- 7. Graphics in the digital fabrication Rendered by ! xyz plotter and ABS resin
- 8. Is it Graphics? Rendered by small particles (Styrofoam) and! “Computational Acoustic Potential Field”
- 9. Animation (Screen) Animation is rendered by the difference of display images
- 10. Animation (kinetic expression) Animation is rendered by the robot motions (servo motors)
- 11. Animation is rendered by movement of! “Computational Acoustic Potential Field” Is it the kind of Animation?
- 12. Contribution Summery: ! Graphics generated by the Acoustic Potential Field 1. Provide theoretical description of 3D acoustic manipulation technology in detail and Evaluation. ! 2. Expanding the 3D acoustic levitation technology to the graphics applications.! 3. Introduction of the concept: “Computational Potential Field” which is the environmental actuation between “atom” and “bit”. We believe these are contribution! to “Graphics” communities.
- 13. Related Work “Levitation and Programable matter” Pixie Dust: Graphics Generated by Levitated and Animated Objects in a Computational Acoustic-Potential Field
- 14. Related Work: Levitation Interaction with levitated Objects Deformable Display 3D Display Programable Matter Including Various Areas Levitation in Physics et al. 1981
- 15. Radical AtomsProgramable Matter Computational Potential Field Concept Our Approach Implementation Concept Self Actuation Interface Ishii et al. 2012Hawkes et al. 2010 Poupyrev et al. 2007 Self Actuated Environmental Actuation
- 16. Physical quantity Material parameters Mechanism Spatial resolution Sound Density and volume Phased arrays Wave length Airflow [Iwaki et al., 2011] Density and area Air jets Spread of air jets Magnetism [Lee et al., 2011] Weight and magnetism Electromagnet and XY stage Size of magnet Whymark 1975 Foresti et al 2013 Ochiai et al 2013 Our ApproachKono et al 2013 1D 2D 3D 3D APF Object Standing Waves Refrector Plate Refrector Plate Transducer Array Focus Transducer Levitation Method Acoustic Levitation Contribution
- 17. Water layered Display Plasma Based 3D spatial display Spatial 3D Display Technology Barnum et al. 2010 Kimura et al. 2006 Holodust Perlin et al.
- 18. Theory and Implementation “APF generated by Phased Arrays” Pixie Dust: Graphics Generated by Levitated and Animated Objects in a Computational Acoustic-Potential Field
- 19. 19 Acoustic Potential Energy Distribution in standing waves https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=669AcEBpdsY Simple Acoustic Levitation (Whymark et al 1975) Kinetic Energy Densities Potential Energy Densities Potential Energy U from Gorkov (1962) and Niborg (1967) Densities of Medium Densities of Small Sphere Compression ratios of the small sphere and the medium,
- 20. 20 Acoustic Potential Energy Distribution in standing waves(Novelty) Densities of MediumDensities of Small Sphere Compression ratios of the small sphere and the medium, the root mean square (RMS) amplitude,, the normalized cross-sectional distribution of the ultrasonic beam Our Approach: Employ Phased Array as Transducers Related Work
- 21. 21
- 22. Potential Distribution in standing waves (1:beam)
- 23. 23 Animation is described by the movement of focal points Focal Points Movement Ultrasonic waves Ultrasonic waves
- 24. Potential Distribution in standing waves (2:plane sheet beam) Sheet beam
- 25. Implementation: Acoustic Potential Field Generator (Opposed Phased Arrays/ 40kHz and 25kHz)
- 27. Evaluation: Speed, Allowable Weight, and Workspace 0.6mm particles manipulated up to 72cm/s 2.0mm particles manipulated up to 48cm/s
- 28. Evaluation: Speed, Allowable Weight, and Workspace Work space is 600mm x 600mm x 600mm For the stable manipulation, work space is should be within 150mm x 150mm x 150mm
- 29. 29 Evaluation: Speed, Allowable Weight, and Workspace tested with nut. up to 1g. and 7.8g/cm^3
- 30. Appication and Discussions “APF generated by Phased Arrays” Pixie Dust: Graphics Generated by Levitated and Animated Objects in a Computational Acoustic-Potential Field
- 32. Application Space Use as Projection Screen. Interaction with object in the environmental actuation ways. Spatial Display or Vector Graphics Display
- 34. 34 Floating Screen (also it is possible to be manipulated in 3D) nopotential field With potential field You can see our demo in E-tech
- 35. Raster Graphics Shooting off the particle using 5th phased array or air blow
- 36. 36 Floating Manipulation Interactions (at Laval Virtual in April) Leapmotion Particles
- 37. Discussion & Limitation Particle size is essential Limitation (limited by the wavelength) CAPF, itself is manipulated and generated precisely, however accuracy of object manipulation is still low quality. (We have to improve our circuit design) Accuracy of accuracy is still low level. (We have to improve our circuit design) Combine with digital fabrication is very interesting (adjust the balance).
- 38. Setup Variations
- 39. Conclusion and Future Work “Computational field”between atom and bits Pixie Dust: Graphics Generated by Levitated and Animated Objects in a Computational Acoustic-Potential Field
- 40. Conclusion We proposed the concept “Computational Potential Field” We implemented as the expansion of Acoustic Levitation Technology. We evaluated the workspace, manipulation speed and stability. We explored application space with this technology
- 41. Future Work Wave synthesis Volumetric Multi-layers
- 42. Future Work: Production Process Production Process
- 43. FAQ 1. What is the limitation? - it is on the size of objects. 2. What is the maximum weight. - now it is up to 1g. 3. Can you hold string or liquid? - Yes. 4. What is your next step with CPF - now we work on magnetic field 5. Multiple Layers or Volumetric Display - it is theoretically possible. 6. What is the resolution? - 4.25 mm intervals (1/2 of wave length) 7. Why particle fall down? - Heats affects the balance of APF 8. Can I fly? - No.
- 44. Yoichi Ochiai Takayuki Hoshi Jun Rekimoto People worked with Pixie Dust Pixie Dust: Graphics Generated by Levitated and Animated Objects in a Computational Acoustic-Potential Field
- 45. 01011010101010101010110101 01011010101010101010110101 01011010101010101010110101 01011010101010101010110101 01011010101010101010110101 01011010101010101010110101 01011010101010101010110101 01011010101010101010110101 01011010101010101010110101 01011010101010101010110101 01011010101010101010110101 01011010101010101010110101 Pixie Dust: Graphics Generated by Levitated and Animated Objects in a Computational Acoustic-Potential Field We are at start lines of long winding road. What would you expect in the future.
- 46. Pixie Dust: Graphics Generated by Levitated and Animated Objects in a Computational Acoustic-Potential Field Yoichi Ochiai, Takayuki Hoshi, Jun Rekimoto The University of Tokyo, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Sony CSL
- 48. SIGGRAPH 2013 3
- 49. Non-digital materials Atoms Bits Non-digital materials in Computational Field Digital materials Reflection Transformation 3D position Soap Bubbles Tiny Object Material Sheet Image Path Texture Programable Things
- 50. E U R O H A P T I C S 2 0 1 4 Haptic Transformation bySqueeze films
- 51. 51
- 53. Non-digital materials Atoms Bits Non-digital materials in Computational Field Digital materials Reflection Transformation 3D position Soap Bubbles Tiny Object Material Sheet Image Path Texture Programable Things