This document provides information about the herbal medicine phytomedicine. It begins with definitions of terms like herbal medicine, herbs, and herbal drug preparations. It then discusses topics like the history and development of herbal medicine in places like India, China, and the West. It provides details on Ayurvedic principles and traditions. It also gives an overview of specific herbs like Arjuna and their constituents, actions, and traditional uses.
Phytomedicine and Ayurveda are both herbal medicine systems but have some differences. [1] Phytomedicine uses modern scientific techniques to study plants and identify active compounds, while Ayurveda is an ancient system that considers a plant's taste, potency, and other properties. [2] Both believe plants can work synergistically and target multiple systems, but Ayurveda is a complete medical science while phytomedicine focuses only on herbal remedies. [3] Extraction methods differ, with phytomedicine primarily using alcohol and Ayurveda using water, oils, or self-generated alcohols from plants.
Phytomedicine uses medicinal plants for healthcare and differs from traditional Chinese medicine by not combining herbs with acupuncture. Phytomedicine is rooted in scientific research on plant extracts and their active compounds. The Central Drug Research Institute in India developed an enriched extract of Bacopa monniera called BESEB that contains standardized levels of bacosides shown to improve memory, focus, and stress. BESEB works by increasing nitric oxide and neurotransmitters in the brain. It is recommended to take one BESEB capsule twice daily for at least three months to significantly benefit memory, attention, and anxiety.
Herbal medicine
Posted on กุมภาพันธ์ 4, 2013 by nichpk
PowerPoint handout for Drug in daily life for accountancy and Management student (international).
: Herbal medicine
Download link :Herbal medicine
It is science of medicine from plants. It is far different from homeopathy and have various advantages over conventional medicine. Various traditional medicine system existed in past.
Ethnobotanical Importance of Some Highly Medicinal plants of District Muzaffa...IOSR Journals
An ethnobotanical exploration was carried out in Muzaffarabad and its adjoining areas including
Jhelum Valley of the District Muzaffarabad during 2010-2011. All the plants with the ethnobotanical
importance were identified and segregated separately. The region is entirely mountainous, having sub-tropical
to dry temperate climate with distinct seasonal variations. This study mainly focused on the information
regarding traditional uses of plants over the years by local inhabitants. The informations were then confirmed
by Hakims and the old people of the areas. During the survey informations were collected from various sites,
i.e. Noon Bagla, Rahim Kot, Danna Kachilee, Kot Terhala, Sanwarrian, Chikar, Chikothi, Kathiee, Qazi Nag,
Rashian, Daokhun, Mojee, Lamnian, Nardaggian, Pandu, Hatian Balla, Ghahi Dopatta, Chinnari, Rabanee,
Bani Hafiz, Domel, Hattian Dopatta, Khanssian, Nandi Ka Sar, Sing Paharee,Nari Bela, Khalla Butt and
Leepa. The plants were used medicinally and for other purposes. The investigations resulted that usually one
plant or a mixture of two or more plant is used. The unplanned exploitation had resulted in the loss of
medicinally important plant species. It was concluded that afforestation programme followed by proper
protection is need of time.
This document discusses good agricultural practices for cultivating medicinal plants. It outlines four pillars of good agricultural practice: economic viability, environmental sustainability, social acceptability, and food safety/quality. Benefits of good practices include sustainable agriculture and meeting quality standards, but challenges include increased costs and competing stakeholder interests. The document provides details on identifying and authenticating plant species, cultivation methods, harvest, and post-harvest processing to ensure quality raw materials for herbal medicines.
Phytomedicine and Ayurveda are both herbal medicine systems but have some differences. [1] Phytomedicine uses modern scientific techniques to study plants and identify active compounds, while Ayurveda is an ancient system that considers a plant's taste, potency, and other properties. [2] Both believe plants can work synergistically and target multiple systems, but Ayurveda is a complete medical science while phytomedicine focuses only on herbal remedies. [3] Extraction methods differ, with phytomedicine primarily using alcohol and Ayurveda using water, oils, or self-generated alcohols from plants.
Phytomedicine uses medicinal plants for healthcare and differs from traditional Chinese medicine by not combining herbs with acupuncture. Phytomedicine is rooted in scientific research on plant extracts and their active compounds. The Central Drug Research Institute in India developed an enriched extract of Bacopa monniera called BESEB that contains standardized levels of bacosides shown to improve memory, focus, and stress. BESEB works by increasing nitric oxide and neurotransmitters in the brain. It is recommended to take one BESEB capsule twice daily for at least three months to significantly benefit memory, attention, and anxiety.
Herbal medicine
Posted on กุมภาพันธ์ 4, 2013 by nichpk
PowerPoint handout for Drug in daily life for accountancy and Management student (international).
: Herbal medicine
Download link :Herbal medicine
It is science of medicine from plants. It is far different from homeopathy and have various advantages over conventional medicine. Various traditional medicine system existed in past.
Ethnobotanical Importance of Some Highly Medicinal plants of District Muzaffa...IOSR Journals
An ethnobotanical exploration was carried out in Muzaffarabad and its adjoining areas including
Jhelum Valley of the District Muzaffarabad during 2010-2011. All the plants with the ethnobotanical
importance were identified and segregated separately. The region is entirely mountainous, having sub-tropical
to dry temperate climate with distinct seasonal variations. This study mainly focused on the information
regarding traditional uses of plants over the years by local inhabitants. The informations were then confirmed
by Hakims and the old people of the areas. During the survey informations were collected from various sites,
i.e. Noon Bagla, Rahim Kot, Danna Kachilee, Kot Terhala, Sanwarrian, Chikar, Chikothi, Kathiee, Qazi Nag,
Rashian, Daokhun, Mojee, Lamnian, Nardaggian, Pandu, Hatian Balla, Ghahi Dopatta, Chinnari, Rabanee,
Bani Hafiz, Domel, Hattian Dopatta, Khanssian, Nandi Ka Sar, Sing Paharee,Nari Bela, Khalla Butt and
Leepa. The plants were used medicinally and for other purposes. The investigations resulted that usually one
plant or a mixture of two or more plant is used. The unplanned exploitation had resulted in the loss of
medicinally important plant species. It was concluded that afforestation programme followed by proper
protection is need of time.
This document discusses good agricultural practices for cultivating medicinal plants. It outlines four pillars of good agricultural practice: economic viability, environmental sustainability, social acceptability, and food safety/quality. Benefits of good practices include sustainable agriculture and meeting quality standards, but challenges include increased costs and competing stakeholder interests. The document provides details on identifying and authenticating plant species, cultivation methods, harvest, and post-harvest processing to ensure quality raw materials for herbal medicines.
This document summarizes a student's project on herbal (phyto) medicine. It discusses synthetic drugs and their disadvantages compared to herbal medicine. Herbal medicine is derived from plants and can treat diseases. The document outlines specific plant parts used for herbal medicine, health benefits, formulations, and limitations. It also describes various phytopharmacognostical parameters used to analyze herbal drugs like organoleptic properties, microscopy, and chemical testing. The student concludes they learned about extraction techniques, chromatography, and chemical analysis methods for herbal drugs.
The importance of medicinal plants in the treatment of a variety of human ailments man has been dependent on the higher plants as a source of food and medicine.
Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology involve the scientific study of how different ethnic groups use plants for medicinal purposes. The document discusses the impact of ethnobotany on herbal drug evaluation and traditional medicine. It describes how ethnobotany helps identify new plant-based drugs and molecular models through processes like bioassay-guided purification and structure elucidation. Ethnopharmacology plays a key role in evaluating traditionally used herbal medicines and validating their therapeutic effects through controlled clinical studies.
This document provides information on Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), Geographical Indications, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS), Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH), and Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM). It defines each topic, describes their objectives and functions, and lists their research institutes. The document serves as a reference for these traditional medicine organizations and initiatives in India.
Herbal medicine involves the use of whole plants to promote health and treat disease, drawing on a tradition of human use for over 60,000 years. It views disease more broadly by addressing underlying causes and individual expression rather than just symptoms. Herbal medicines are prescribed to restore homeostasis and promote optimal cellular nutrition and elimination. Around 1 in 5 people in the UK regularly use herbal medicine, and it is regulated through organizations like the National Institute of Medical Herbalists. Herbal medicines are prescribed individually based on a comprehensive medical history and clinical examination.
Ellen Kamhi PhD, RN, AHG, AHN-BC discusses botanical medicine- active constituents found in indigenous healing plants, the doctrine of signatures, specific actives in common botanical medicine used for healthcare, scientific studies, and consideration of adverse effects
WHO to provide technical support to develop a methodology to
monitor or ensure the quality, efficacy and safety of traditional
medicine and its products.
To promote and improve the quality of herbal medicines and
also to reduce the proportion of adverse effect caused by the
poor quality of herbal medicines.
This document discusses the importance of pharmacovigilance for herbal medications. It notes that herbal medicines are widely used globally but can also cause adverse reactions. A systematic approach to monitoring the safety of herbal medicines is needed to understand their risks and benefits. The challenges include regulating herbal medicines, ensuring quality control, monitoring safety, and standardized identification of herbal ingredients. Pharmacovigilance practices can help evaluate potential adverse effects, identify safety issues, and promote the safe use of herbal therapies.
Herbal medicine is the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (especially plants that are not part of the normal diet).
Phytonutrient or nutraceutical or functional food
Natural substances that aid the body to maintaining health and combating disease such as anthocyanidins, isoflavones and carotenoids.
Natural product : is biosynthetic substances produced by living cells.
Crude Drug: It’s a medically useful drug of plant or animal origin without any further processing or modification.
Herbal medicine, also known as botanical medicine, is based on using plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes. Plants have long been used for medicine before recorded history. Recent studies show herbal medicine can help treat diseases. Common herbs used include garlic, ginger, lavender, thyme, black seed, and chamomile. While herbal medicines can provide health benefits, they can also interact with other drugs and have side effects, so it's important to consult a medical professional before use.
WHO guidelines on herbal drug monitoringKaustav Dey
This presentation points out the various guidelines laid out by World health organization for safe & effective way of monitoring of Herbal Medicine in a pharmacovigilance setting
COMMERCIALIZATION OF GE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OR DRUGSavinash sharma
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT STATUS OF MDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
VARIOUS SPECIES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
BIOTRANSFORMATION IN VARIOUS SPECIES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
COMMERCIAL COSMETIC PRODUCT OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
USES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
RELEASES VARIETIES AND PATENT OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
COMMERCIALISATION OF DRUGS.
COMPANIES/ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN PROCUREMENT, PROCESS AND MARKETING OF MEDICINAL HERBS IN KARNATAKA
WEBSITE LINKS.
This document defines key terms related to phytopharmaceuticals and herbal medicine. It describes phytopharmaceuticals as plant-based drugs containing at least four bioactive compounds that are purified and standardized for human or animal use. Active ingredients are the therapeutic components of herbal medicines. Botanical drug substances, herbal preparations, and finished herbal products are other terms defined. The document also discusses regulatory affairs, traditional medicine, pharmacovigilance, and pharmacoeconomics as they relate to herbal products.
This document discusses the herbal drug industry in India. It provides an overview of:
- The growing trend toward herbal medicines and India's role as a source of medicinal plants
- The scope and size of the herbal drug market in India, which is growing at 20-25% annually
- Infrastructure requirements for herbal drug manufacturing facilities, including space allocation, environmental factors, and quality control processes
- Good manufacturing practices (GMP) that must be followed to ensure quality standards are met
75%-90% of the population in developing nations rely on herbal medicine as their only health care.
Medicinal herbs are sold alongside vegetables in village markets.
Practitioners of herbal medicine undergo extensive training to learn the plants, their uses, and preparation of remedies.
Archaeological evidence shows that herbal medicine dates back 60,000 years to the Paleolithic age. Some of the earliest written records of herbal medicine include a 5000-year-old Sumerian clay slab mentioning 250 plants and Egypt's Ebers Papyrus from 1550 BC describing over 700 plant-based compounds. Ancient Greek, Chinese, Indian, and Arab cultures also documented medicinal plants in early herbals and texts, with the Sushruta Samhita from 6th century BC India describing 700 medicinal plants. Throughout history, monasteries, physicians, and civilizations identified healing properties of plants and passed this knowledge between societies, upgrading old uses and discovering new ones to develop herbal medicine
Standardization of herbal drugs refers to “confirmation of its identity and determination of its quality, purity and detection of nature of adulterant by various parameters”.
Expected Questions for QCSH Subject (Quality Control & Standardization of Her...Dr-Jitendra Patel
In this ppt B. Pharmacy fourth year students will have basic idea about the important questions expected from quality control and standardization of herbals (QCSH) subject. And also some tips given at the last of video that how to prepare for this particular subject.
ABSTRACT The documentation of the biodiversity and it is traditional, as well as medicinal uses by the ethnic communities, have assumed priority due to the misuse and rampant loss of biodiversity, the emerging threats of biopiracy and the increasing patent wars on bioresources. Since, the medicinal plants are very important for the production of various drugs because thousands of years ago, these plants are used by our forefathers for the treatment of various diseases. Therefore, now a day, these medicinal plants are used for the production of various drugs as well as to cure various diseases. Though there are a good number of publications on ethnobotany on particular and different tribes but the present studies were carried out to explore the vascular plant diversity and investigate the ethnomedicinal potential and their conservation status in the villages of Guna district, Madhya Pradesh, India. In this research survey, only medicinal plant, their local names and their medicinal uses were interviewed and presented. The information was obtained from local informant i.e. Vaidhays, Hakeems and Ayurvedic Practitioners etc. having knowledge about medicinal plants. The paper deals about some medicinal plants used by the Bheel primitive tribe of Guna district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The paper enumerates 25 medicinal plant species belonging to eighteen families used by Bheel tribes for curing various ailments among human beings and animals.
Key-words: Ethnobotany, Medicinal Plants, Tribes, Ethnomedicinal, Multidisciplinary science
Regulatory requirements for herbal medicines: Herbal medicines are different from other types of medicines. The approval process is also different from other medicines. AYUSH Ministry given guidelines for approval of herbal medicines.
Query Solved
1. Regulatory requirements for herbal medicines
2. Herbal Medicines ke liye regulatory requirements
3. AYUSH ka important role in Herbal medicines launch
4. D and C act role in Herbal medicines
5. What are important steps to launch herbal medicines
This document discusses the contribution of medicinal plants to modern medicine. It notes that around 50,000 plant species have been used medicinally throughout history. Roughly 100 plant species have contributed significantly to modern drugs, with 80% of drugs for antimicrobial, cardiovascular, immunosuppressive and anticancer uses derived from plants. The document outlines the history of herbal medicine from ancient times to modern day, noting key herbal texts and contributions from various civilizations including China, India, Europe and North America. It provides examples of commonly used medicinal plants and their chemical constituents that led to modern pharmaceuticals.
1. Ethnobotany is the study of relationships between people and plants. It aims to document traditional medicinal plant uses. Many early works studied indigenous plant medicines.
2. Herbal medicines provide various health benefits like cardioprotection, hepatoprotection, nephroprotection, and protection against cancer, Alzheimer's, and diabetes. Specific plants like turmeric, neem, onions, broccoli, milk thistle, grapes provide these benefits through active constituents.
3. While herbal medicines have deep historical roots, inconsistencies in active constituents between plants makes effects unpredictable. Standardization through quality controls and guaranteed marker compounds in extracts provides consistent activity and clinical results.
This document summarizes a student's project on herbal (phyto) medicine. It discusses synthetic drugs and their disadvantages compared to herbal medicine. Herbal medicine is derived from plants and can treat diseases. The document outlines specific plant parts used for herbal medicine, health benefits, formulations, and limitations. It also describes various phytopharmacognostical parameters used to analyze herbal drugs like organoleptic properties, microscopy, and chemical testing. The student concludes they learned about extraction techniques, chromatography, and chemical analysis methods for herbal drugs.
The importance of medicinal plants in the treatment of a variety of human ailments man has been dependent on the higher plants as a source of food and medicine.
Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology involve the scientific study of how different ethnic groups use plants for medicinal purposes. The document discusses the impact of ethnobotany on herbal drug evaluation and traditional medicine. It describes how ethnobotany helps identify new plant-based drugs and molecular models through processes like bioassay-guided purification and structure elucidation. Ethnopharmacology plays a key role in evaluating traditionally used herbal medicines and validating their therapeutic effects through controlled clinical studies.
This document provides information on Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), Geographical Indications, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS), Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH), and Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM). It defines each topic, describes their objectives and functions, and lists their research institutes. The document serves as a reference for these traditional medicine organizations and initiatives in India.
Herbal medicine involves the use of whole plants to promote health and treat disease, drawing on a tradition of human use for over 60,000 years. It views disease more broadly by addressing underlying causes and individual expression rather than just symptoms. Herbal medicines are prescribed to restore homeostasis and promote optimal cellular nutrition and elimination. Around 1 in 5 people in the UK regularly use herbal medicine, and it is regulated through organizations like the National Institute of Medical Herbalists. Herbal medicines are prescribed individually based on a comprehensive medical history and clinical examination.
Ellen Kamhi PhD, RN, AHG, AHN-BC discusses botanical medicine- active constituents found in indigenous healing plants, the doctrine of signatures, specific actives in common botanical medicine used for healthcare, scientific studies, and consideration of adverse effects
WHO to provide technical support to develop a methodology to
monitor or ensure the quality, efficacy and safety of traditional
medicine and its products.
To promote and improve the quality of herbal medicines and
also to reduce the proportion of adverse effect caused by the
poor quality of herbal medicines.
This document discusses the importance of pharmacovigilance for herbal medications. It notes that herbal medicines are widely used globally but can also cause adverse reactions. A systematic approach to monitoring the safety of herbal medicines is needed to understand their risks and benefits. The challenges include regulating herbal medicines, ensuring quality control, monitoring safety, and standardized identification of herbal ingredients. Pharmacovigilance practices can help evaluate potential adverse effects, identify safety issues, and promote the safe use of herbal therapies.
Herbal medicine is the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (especially plants that are not part of the normal diet).
Phytonutrient or nutraceutical or functional food
Natural substances that aid the body to maintaining health and combating disease such as anthocyanidins, isoflavones and carotenoids.
Natural product : is biosynthetic substances produced by living cells.
Crude Drug: It’s a medically useful drug of plant or animal origin without any further processing or modification.
Herbal medicine, also known as botanical medicine, is based on using plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes. Plants have long been used for medicine before recorded history. Recent studies show herbal medicine can help treat diseases. Common herbs used include garlic, ginger, lavender, thyme, black seed, and chamomile. While herbal medicines can provide health benefits, they can also interact with other drugs and have side effects, so it's important to consult a medical professional before use.
WHO guidelines on herbal drug monitoringKaustav Dey
This presentation points out the various guidelines laid out by World health organization for safe & effective way of monitoring of Herbal Medicine in a pharmacovigilance setting
COMMERCIALIZATION OF GE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OR DRUGSavinash sharma
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT STATUS OF MDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
VARIOUS SPECIES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
BIOTRANSFORMATION IN VARIOUS SPECIES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
COMMERCIAL COSMETIC PRODUCT OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS.
USES OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
RELEASES VARIETIES AND PATENT OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATICS PLANTS.
COMMERCIALISATION OF DRUGS.
COMPANIES/ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN PROCUREMENT, PROCESS AND MARKETING OF MEDICINAL HERBS IN KARNATAKA
WEBSITE LINKS.
This document defines key terms related to phytopharmaceuticals and herbal medicine. It describes phytopharmaceuticals as plant-based drugs containing at least four bioactive compounds that are purified and standardized for human or animal use. Active ingredients are the therapeutic components of herbal medicines. Botanical drug substances, herbal preparations, and finished herbal products are other terms defined. The document also discusses regulatory affairs, traditional medicine, pharmacovigilance, and pharmacoeconomics as they relate to herbal products.
This document discusses the herbal drug industry in India. It provides an overview of:
- The growing trend toward herbal medicines and India's role as a source of medicinal plants
- The scope and size of the herbal drug market in India, which is growing at 20-25% annually
- Infrastructure requirements for herbal drug manufacturing facilities, including space allocation, environmental factors, and quality control processes
- Good manufacturing practices (GMP) that must be followed to ensure quality standards are met
75%-90% of the population in developing nations rely on herbal medicine as their only health care.
Medicinal herbs are sold alongside vegetables in village markets.
Practitioners of herbal medicine undergo extensive training to learn the plants, their uses, and preparation of remedies.
Archaeological evidence shows that herbal medicine dates back 60,000 years to the Paleolithic age. Some of the earliest written records of herbal medicine include a 5000-year-old Sumerian clay slab mentioning 250 plants and Egypt's Ebers Papyrus from 1550 BC describing over 700 plant-based compounds. Ancient Greek, Chinese, Indian, and Arab cultures also documented medicinal plants in early herbals and texts, with the Sushruta Samhita from 6th century BC India describing 700 medicinal plants. Throughout history, monasteries, physicians, and civilizations identified healing properties of plants and passed this knowledge between societies, upgrading old uses and discovering new ones to develop herbal medicine
Standardization of herbal drugs refers to “confirmation of its identity and determination of its quality, purity and detection of nature of adulterant by various parameters”.
Expected Questions for QCSH Subject (Quality Control & Standardization of Her...Dr-Jitendra Patel
In this ppt B. Pharmacy fourth year students will have basic idea about the important questions expected from quality control and standardization of herbals (QCSH) subject. And also some tips given at the last of video that how to prepare for this particular subject.
ABSTRACT The documentation of the biodiversity and it is traditional, as well as medicinal uses by the ethnic communities, have assumed priority due to the misuse and rampant loss of biodiversity, the emerging threats of biopiracy and the increasing patent wars on bioresources. Since, the medicinal plants are very important for the production of various drugs because thousands of years ago, these plants are used by our forefathers for the treatment of various diseases. Therefore, now a day, these medicinal plants are used for the production of various drugs as well as to cure various diseases. Though there are a good number of publications on ethnobotany on particular and different tribes but the present studies were carried out to explore the vascular plant diversity and investigate the ethnomedicinal potential and their conservation status in the villages of Guna district, Madhya Pradesh, India. In this research survey, only medicinal plant, their local names and their medicinal uses were interviewed and presented. The information was obtained from local informant i.e. Vaidhays, Hakeems and Ayurvedic Practitioners etc. having knowledge about medicinal plants. The paper deals about some medicinal plants used by the Bheel primitive tribe of Guna district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The paper enumerates 25 medicinal plant species belonging to eighteen families used by Bheel tribes for curing various ailments among human beings and animals.
Key-words: Ethnobotany, Medicinal Plants, Tribes, Ethnomedicinal, Multidisciplinary science
Regulatory requirements for herbal medicines: Herbal medicines are different from other types of medicines. The approval process is also different from other medicines. AYUSH Ministry given guidelines for approval of herbal medicines.
Query Solved
1. Regulatory requirements for herbal medicines
2. Herbal Medicines ke liye regulatory requirements
3. AYUSH ka important role in Herbal medicines launch
4. D and C act role in Herbal medicines
5. What are important steps to launch herbal medicines
This document discusses the contribution of medicinal plants to modern medicine. It notes that around 50,000 plant species have been used medicinally throughout history. Roughly 100 plant species have contributed significantly to modern drugs, with 80% of drugs for antimicrobial, cardiovascular, immunosuppressive and anticancer uses derived from plants. The document outlines the history of herbal medicine from ancient times to modern day, noting key herbal texts and contributions from various civilizations including China, India, Europe and North America. It provides examples of commonly used medicinal plants and their chemical constituents that led to modern pharmaceuticals.
1. Ethnobotany is the study of relationships between people and plants. It aims to document traditional medicinal plant uses. Many early works studied indigenous plant medicines.
2. Herbal medicines provide various health benefits like cardioprotection, hepatoprotection, nephroprotection, and protection against cancer, Alzheimer's, and diabetes. Specific plants like turmeric, neem, onions, broccoli, milk thistle, grapes provide these benefits through active constituents.
3. While herbal medicines have deep historical roots, inconsistencies in active constituents between plants makes effects unpredictable. Standardization through quality controls and guaranteed marker compounds in extracts provides consistent activity and clinical results.
chapter one introduction of pharmacognosy.pptxdaakirmaxamed
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources. The course discusses the history and development of pharmacognosy from ancient times in China, Egypt, India, and Greece through modern applications. Key topics covered include the definition of pharmacognosy, the scope of studying crude drugs, active chemical constituents, pharmaceutical aids, and nutraceuticals. Natural sources of drugs discussed are plants, animals, microorganisms, and minerals. Terminology used in pharmacognosy and characteristics of crude drugs are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of herbal medicine (also known as phytotherapy). It discusses the history and use of herbal medicines, characteristics of herbal drugs, herbal approaches to diseases, and commonly used herbal supplements. The document outlines the objectives of learning about herbal medicine and introduces key concepts such as herbalism, botanical medicine, conventional vs. herbal medicine, and alternative/complementary medicine. Examples of alternative therapies like acupuncture, chiropractic, and cupping are also mentioned.
This document provides information about the book "Amazing Healing Plants" by Dr. JC Kurian. It summarizes that Dr. Kurian is an expert in ethnobotany and medical anthropology who has researched medicinal plants for decades. The book describes 303 medicinal plants used in India and tropical regions to treat 218 diseases. It includes photos and instructions for using different plants as natural remedies for various health conditions.
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal plants and natural products. The document traces the historical development of pharmacognosy from ancient civilizations like Babylon, Egypt, India, Greece and China. It discusses how modern pharmacognosy emerged in the 20th century due to discoveries like penicillin. The current status and future scope of pharmacognosy is highlighted, including the importance of natural products in drug development and alternative medicine systems like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, homeopathy and traditional Chinese medicine.
Phytomedicine Lecture I.pptx for Biomedical studentsGebreAyanaw
This document discusses the history and current state of phytomedicine and herbal medicine. It covers:
- The origins of herbal medicine dating back thousands of years to ancient civilizations like China, India, Greece and Rome.
- How herbal medicine declined in the 1960s due to advances in synthetic drugs but saw a revival in the 1980s with growing research on medicinal plants.
- The major traditional herbal medicine systems still practiced from Asia including Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine and Unani medicine.
- The current categories of herbal medicine including phytotherapy which takes a science-based approach to whole plant extracts, over-the-counter herbal medicine
The document provides an introduction to pharmacology and the history of drugs. It discusses the origins of key terms related to pharmacology and describes three medical uses of drugs. It then summarizes the historical origins and development of drugs from ancient times through the 1800s-early 1900s, including major milestones. The document also discusses issues with mislabeled/dangerous drugs historically and the development of drug laws and regulatory agencies.
This document summarizes the history of medicinal plant use from prehistoric times to the present. It describes how early civilizations like the Sumerians, Egyptians, Chinese, and Indians utilized local plants as medicines and recorded their uses. Key texts like the Ebers Papyrus, Pun-tsao, and writings of Dioscorides documented hundreds of herbal remedies. The Renaissance sparked renewed interest in herbalism. Important plants like foxglove, willow bark, and snakeroot were later isolated for their active compounds like digitalis and aspirin. Today, plants still provide ingredients for many drugs and herbal medicine remains important globally.
Merits of traditional system of medicineDonaldTandia
This document discusses the merits and importance of traditional medicine systems. Some key points made include:
- Traditional medicine is very cost effective compared to modern medicine and uses natural products that have few side effects.
- It serves as an important basis for drug discovery and development, as many modern drugs are derived from plants used in traditional systems.
- Traditional medicine can be very effective for chronic conditions and is easily accessible in many parts of the world.
- Diseases like malaria continue to be treated using herbal medicines identified through traditional knowledge.
Professor Dr / ABDEL NASSER B. SINGAB
FACULTY OF PHARMACY
CHAIRMAN OF CENTRE OF DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY
CAIRIO - EGYPT
History, future & scope of pharmacognosy.ssuserbc083e
1) Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal plants and natural products. It originated as early humans began associating curative properties with certain plants through trial and error.
2) Ancient civilizations like Egypt, China, and India made significant contributions to early pharmacognosy. Egyptians documented medicinal plant uses in papyruses as early as 1500 BC, and Chinese and Indian medical systems incorporated hundreds of plant-based treatments.
3) Today pharmacognosy involves standardizing natural drugs, studying plant parts and extracts, and researching natural products for new medicines and pharmaceutical aids. It draws on the historical knowledge of herbalism around the world.
Pharmacological and Biochemical Action of Angelica Sinensis (Dong Quai): Natu...paperpublications3
This document summarizes the history, traditional uses, major constituents, and pharmacological actions of Angelica sinensis (Dong Quai). It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years to treat various women's health issues. The main active compounds include phthalides (like ligustilide), ferulic acid, polysaccharides, and coumarins. Preclinical studies have shown Dong Quai extracts have anti-inflammatory, estrogenic, anticancer and neuroprotective effects. However, clinical evidence is limited and it can interact with drugs or cause side effects like headaches. More research is still needed to validate its therapeutic potential and safety.
This document provides an introduction and overview of pharmacognosy. It defines pharmacognosy as the study of medicinal products from natural sources, including plants, animals, and minerals. The document then discusses the historical development of pharmacognosy from ancient civilizations like Babylon, Egypt, India, Greece, and China to modern developments. It also outlines the scope of pharmacognosy, including isolation of phytochemicals, structure-activity relationships, cultivation of medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and investigation of biosynthetic pathways. Finally, it briefly introduces some traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy.
Complementary and alternative medicine pptSuny Bisshojit
This document discusses medicinal plants and their use as traditional medicines. It notes that medicinal plants have properties similar to conventional drugs and have been used for thousands of years. Some key points made include that 80% of the world's population uses plants as their primary medicine source, and many modern drugs were developed from plant-based compounds, including aspirin, opium, and quinine. The document also provides examples of plants commonly used in traditional medicines from different regions and their therapeutic effects.
Unit i a) introduction to pharmacognosy-convertedVishal Thorat
Pharmacognosy is the study of medicinal drugs from natural sources. It involves the study of crude drugs from plants, animals and minerals. The scope of pharmacognosy includes isolation of phytochemicals, structure activity relationships, natural products as precursors for drug synthesis, and investigation of biosynthetic pathways. Historically, ancient civilizations like Egyptians, Indians and Chinese made important contributions to the study and use of herbal medicines. Modern pharmacognosy developed with the isolation of active constituents from plants and discovery of antibiotics. Alternative medicine systems like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, homeopathy and Chinese medicine also utilize naturally derived medicines.
Herbal medicines have been used for millennia and many modern medicines are derived from plants. While plant extracts were traditionally used, the active compounds are now often isolated. For example, morphine was purified from opium poppy and taxol from yew trees. Advances in metabolomics and metabolic engineering now allow increasing production of medicinal compounds through both traditional knowledge and modern techniques. Ensuring sustainable supply of important medicines derived from plants remains an ongoing challenge.
This document provides an overview of ethnopharmacology, including definitions of related terms, areas of research, objectives and strategies. Some key points:
- Ethnopharmacology is the scientific study of materials used by cultures as medicines. It aims to document traditional knowledge and validate treatments.
- Major areas of herbal medicine research include Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, European and indigenous systems.
- The objectives are to investigate traditional remedies, identify active compounds, and conduct pharmacological studies.
- Strategies for screening plants include literature reviews, selecting candidates, proper collection and processing, and drug screening procedures.
Applied traditional knowledge of medicinal plantsShah Ummar
Brief History of Traditional Medicine
What is Traditional Knowledge
Dosage forms of Traditional medicines
Key differences between traditional and modern medicine
From a tree, a ‘miracle’ called Asprin
Indian system of Medicine
Selected modern drugs that come from traditional medicine
Evolution of Traditional (Ayurveda & Unani) Medicine in Kashmir
Artemisinin: traditional medicine's blockbuster drug
TKDL- A Tool of Protection of India’s Traditional Knowledge
Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)
Diagnostic Methodology & Identification of Symptoms
Ethnobotany is the study of traditional plant knowledge and use by cultures. The document discusses the history of ethnobotany and traditional plant medicine. It provides examples of medicinal plants used by indigenous tribes in India, including Trichopus zeylanicus used as a health food, Caralluma adscendens as an appetite suppressant, and Strychnos potatorum used to purify water. Cycas beddomei is a threatened living fossil used by local people to treat arthritis and muscle pains.
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2. Contents
Introduction
Definition
Ecological factors
How do Medicinal plants work?
Quality control
Buying herbal medicine
History of herbal medicine – 17th century
19th century
20th century
Indian history
Herbs and their functions
3. Introduction
Phytomedicine, also called Botanical/Plant medicine or Herbal medicine (medicines from plants).
A phytomedicine may be defined as a medicine derived from plants in their original state and
standardized for use in a dosage regimen.
The term "herb" is a combination of the Latin word "herba" and the ancient French word "herbe“
which means ‘grassy’
Herbal medicine is the science that deals with the scientific and systemic study of the plant's
structure, chemical, and biological characteristics along with their history, and method of cultivation.
4. HERBS: Herbs are crude plant materials that may be entire, fragment, or powdered.
Herbs include aerial parts, leave, flowers, fruits, roots, bark ( stems) of trees, rhizomes, or other plant
parts.
Winslow LC, Kroll DJ. Herbs as medicines. Archives of internal medicine. 1998 Nov 9;158(20):2192-9.
HERBAL MEDICINE: Herbal medicine is the study and use of medicinal plants for the prevention,
treatment, and diagnosis of diseases.
Firenzuoli F, Gori L. Herbal medicine today: clinical and research issues. Evidence-based complementary and alternative
medicine. 2007 Sep 1;4(S1):37-40.
Definitions
5. Herbal medicines (HMs) have been defined as “preparations manufactured industrially
consisting of active ingredient(s) which is/are purely and naturally original, not chemically
altered plant substance(s), and is/are responsible for the overall therapeutic effect of the
product”
Alostad AH, et al. International comparison of five herbal medicine registration systems to inform regulation development:
United Kingdom, Germany, United States of America, United Arab Emirates, and Kingdom of Bahrain. Pharmaceutical
medicine. 2018 Feb;32:39-49.
HERBAL DRUG PREPARATIONS: Traditional herbal medicines are naturally occurring,
plant-derived substances with minimal or no industrial processing that have been used to
treat illness. They are produced from herbal materials by physical or biological processes.
Tilburt JC, Kaptchuk TJ. Herbal medicine research and global health: an ethical analysis. Bulletin of the World Health
Organization. 2008;86:594-9.
6. Ecological Factors
The increased use of medicinal herbs has important environmental implications.
Growing herbs as an organic crop offers new opportunities for farmers, and sometimes, especially in
developing countries, opportunities for whole communities.
for example, community-run herb gardens grow medicinal herbs that are sold to local hospitals. Doctors
at the hospital then prescribe these medicines to their patients.
However, the rise in popularity of herbal medicines also directly threatens the survival of some wild
species.
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
7. How do Medicinal plants work??
Many of the thousands of plant species growing throughout the world have medicinal uses, containing active
constituents that have a direct action on the body.
They are used both in herbal and conventional medicine and offer benefits that pharmaceutical drugs often lack,
helping to combat illness and support the body’s efforts to regain good health.
The ability of herbal medicine to affect body systems depends on the chemical constituents that it contains.
As can be seen, an herb is not a “magic bullet” with a single action, but a complex natural medicine composed of
many active constituents that work on different body systems.
By combining scientific research into active constituents with clinical observation and traditional knowledge of
the whole plant, we can develop a rounded picture of each herb’s range of medicinal uses.
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
8. The Benefits of Herbal Medicine
Today, herbal remedies are coming back into prominence because the efficacy of conventional medicines
such as antibiotics, which once had near-universal effectiveness against serious infections, is on the
wane.
Over the years, infectious organisms have developed resistance to synthesized drugs, and no longer
respond to conventional treatment.
In addition, concern over the side effects of biomedicine is encouraging people to look for more gentle
forms of treatment.
It is estimated that 10–20% of hospital patients in the West are there due to the side effects of
conventional medical treatment.
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
9. CREDITS: This presentation template was created
by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon and
infographics & images by Freepik
Quality control
Quality is vital for herbal medicine. Without a guarantee that the correct herb of
the right quality is being used, it is hard to be confident that the medicine will
prove effective.
The adulteration of herbal products, particularly in Chinese and Indian herbs
sold in the West is, regrettably, not unusual.
Herb quality may be affected not only by deliberate adulteration but by the use
of wrongly identified or poor-quality material.
The herb may have been poorly harvested, dried, or stored, or it may be old or
decayed.
It may even be that the wrong herb was used.
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
10. Buying herbal medicines
What should you look for buying herbal medicines?
Herbs should not be stored in clear glass jars or direct sunlight, as this causes
oxidation, which affects their efficacy.
Good-quality aromatic herbs should have a distinct scent and taste.
Check for signs of infestation due to poor drying techniques, or adulteration.
Herbs lose their color as they age. For example, vitamin C serum.
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
11. When buying products such as capsules, tablets, essential oils, and
tinctures, always check the label on the jar or packet.
If it does not do the following, do not buy it:
■ Name all constituents of the product
■ State the recommended daily dosage
■ State the weight of each capsule or tablet or volume of the bottle
■ List the weight of each constituent of a capsule, tablet, etc.
■ List the ratio of the herb in the product (for example, 1:3, meaning 1
part herb to 3 parts liquid).
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
12. HISTORY
17th century
o The theory of
four humors
19th century 20th century
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
o Ancient civilization
o Western influences on
ancient medicine
o World War 1st
o World War 2nd
2-7th century
o Ayurveda
origin
13. Early Origins
In India and the neighboring regions, Ayurveda was the main system of healing.
The name Ayurveda derives from two Indian words: “Ayur” meaning “longevity”, and “Veda” meaning
“knowledge” or science.
Ancient Indian culture developed around 5,000 years ago in northern India with knowledge and wisdom being
transmitted orally from teacher to student over many generations and eventually set down in Sanskrit poetry
known as the Vedas.
The most important of these texts are the Rig Veda and the Atharva Veda.
In about 400 BCE, the first Ayurvedic medical school was founded by Punarvasu Atreya. His medical knowledge
influenced Charaka, the scholar who is thought to have written the Charaka Samhita (100 CE) which describes 341
plant medicines as well as medicines of animal and mineral origin.
The second major work was the Susruta Samhita, dating from around the same time; it displays a detailed
knowledge of surgery, especially plastic surgery.
Indian ancient history
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
HISTORY
14. Indian Medicine 500–1500 CE
In India, the 7th century saw a golden age of medicine.
Thousands of students studied Ayurveda at university, especially at Nalanda. There, scholars recorded the medical
achievements of the time, with advances such as the development of hospitals, maternity homes, and the planting
of medicinal herb gardens.
The Doshas & Health
The five elements combine to form three basic forces, known as the tridoshas, which exist in everything in the
universe, and influence all mental and physical processes.
From ether and air, the air principle vata is created; fire and water yield the fire principle pitta; and earth and water
produce the water principle Kapha.
According to Ayurveda, we are all born with a particular balance of doshas.
Our body type, temperament, and susceptibility to illnesses are largely governed by the predominant dosha. In this
way, we inherit our basic constitution, called the Prakruti.
The first requirement for health in Ayurveda is a proper balance of the doshas.
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
15. Attributes of remedies
Subsequent treatments fall into three main categories:
• medicines from natural sources
• dietary regimens
• behavioral modifications
Medicines, foods, and lifestyle activities are all classified according to their effect on the three doshas.
For instance, a health problem associated with an excess of kapha, the water principle, is characterized by
congestion, excess weight, fluid retention, and lethargy. The practitioner would prescribe the consumption of
warm, dry, light foods because the quality of Kapha is cool and damp. Avoidance of cold damp foods (such as
wheat, sugar, and milk products), which increase kapha, would also be advised. Herbal remedies would
include warming spices such as ginger and turmeric.
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
16. Ayurveda also classifies remedies according to six tastes—sweet, sour, salty, bitter, pungent, and astringent.
Sugar (Madhur) Sour (amla) Salt (lavarn) Increases Water (Kapha) decreases air (Vata)
Astringent (kashaya)
Pungent (katu)
Bitter (tikt) Increases air (Vata) decreases Water (Kapha)
Increases fire (pitta)
17. In the 17th century
Galen developed the theory of the four humors from the texts of Hippocrates (460–c. 377 BCE) and Aristotle
(384–322 BCE).
Hippocrates believed that the world was made up of the elements fire, air, earth, and water, and classified herbs
as having hot, dry, cold, and moist properties.
Aristotle developed and endorsed the theory of the four humors. According to him, four principal fluids—or
humors—exist within the body: blood, choler (yellow bile), melancholy (black bile), and phlegm (cough). The
“ideal” person bore all four in equal proportion. However, in most people, one or more humors predominate,
giving rise to particular temperaments or characters.
Galen also believed that pneuma (spirit) was taken in with each breath, and processed in the body to form the
“vital spirit.” Vitality and health depended upon the proper balance between the four humors and the four
elements and the correct mix with the pneuma.
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
18. Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
Angry man
Emotionless/ uninterested man
Socially active man
19. Ancient Civilizations
As civilizations grew from 3000 BCE onward in Egypt, the Middle East, India, and China, the use of
herbs became more sophisticated, and the first written accounts of medicinal plants were made.
In India, in the Vedas, epic poems were written c. 1500 BCE, also contains rich material on the herbal
lore of that time.
The Vedas were followed in about 400 BCE by the Charaka Samhita, written by the physician
Charaka.
This medical treatise includes details of around 350 herbal medicines.
Early origins to the 19th century
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
20. Western Influences on Asian Medicine
During the early 19th century, the influence of Western biomedicine was beginning to affect traditional
practices in both China and India.
But under British rule, Western medicine eventually became the only alternative in India. Ayurveda
was seen as inferior to biomedicine.
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
21. During the First World War (1914–1918), for example, garlic and sphagnum moss was used by the ton
in the battle trenches to dress wounds and to treat infections.
Garlic is an excellent natural antibiotic and was the most effective antiseptic available at the time, and
sphagnum moss makes a natural aseptic dressing.
The Second World War (1939– 1945), In the decades following when antibiotics first came into use,
Modern medicine provided highly effective drugs such as steroid anti-inflammatories, and it seemed as if
it was simply a question of time until cures for most illnesses were found.
20th century onwards
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
22. Preparations and treatments
In addition to plant extracts, Herbal medicines include honey and dairy produce, and sometimes minute doses
of minerals such as salt are added.
Remedies take the form of pills, powders, balms, and infusions, and most contain several different ingredients,
all carefully balanced.
Treatment might include washes and enemas or the application of poultices as well as massage with warm
herbal oil, burning incense, and the use of precious stones and metals for imbalanced mind and emotions.
Herbal medicine in India today
In the 19th century, the British dismissed herbal medicine as mere superstition, and in 1833 they closed all
Ayurvedic schools and banned the practice.
By the time of India’s independence in 1947 it had regained its reputation as a valid medical system.
Today, herbal medicine flourishes and is actively encouraged by the Indian government as an inexpensive
alternative to Western drugs
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
25. Introduction
The bark of the Arjun tree has been used in Indian herbal medicine for at
least 3,000 years and has always been valued as a remedy for cardiac
ailments.
The first person credited with prescribing Arjun for heart disease was
Vagbhata, an Indian physician of the 7th century CE.
Habitat & Cultivation
Arjun is found throughout most of the Indian subcontinent, from Sri Lanka
to the foothills of the Himalayas.
It thrives in wet, marshy areas and on riverbanks.
Parts used
Bark – has constituents that lower blood pressure and reduce cholesterol
levels.
Dwivedi S, Chopra D. Revisiting Terminalia arjuna–an ancient cardiovascular drug. Journal of
Traditional and complementary medicine. 2014 Oct 1;4(4):224-31.
26. Dwivedi S, Chopra D. Revisiting Terminalia arjuna–an ancient cardiovascular drug. Journal of
Traditional and complementary medicine. 2014 Oct 1;4(4):224-31.
27. Key Constituents
Tannins
Triterpenoid saponins (a diverse group of natural products in plants that are
considered defensive compounds against pathogenic microbes).
Flavonoids
Phytosterols
Key Actions
Cardiac Tonic
Lower Blood pressure
Reduces cholesterol levels
Key preparations and their uses
Decoction – improve poor circulation
Tincture – Cardiac tonic for angina
Powder – for asthma
Dwivedi S, Chopra D. Revisiting Terminalia arjuna–an ancient cardiovascular drug. Journal of
traditional and complementary medicine. 2014 Oct 1;4(4):224-31.
28. Cardioprotective mechanism of action of TA
Abbreviations
1. ET1 and ETA – endothelin receptors (vasoconstrictors)
2. COX 1 & COX 2 – cyclooxygenase causes inflammation and prostaglandins which aid in hyperthermia physiology
29. Title Journal and year Conclusion
Ramesh P, et al. Terminalia arjuna, A
Cardioprotective Herbal Medicine–
Relevancy in the Modern Era of
Pharmaceuticals and Green
Nanomedicine-A Review.
Pharmaceuticals.
2023 January
Terminalia arjuna is a medicinal plant
that has several medicinal properties,
such as anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant, anti-ischemic, anti-
atherosclerotic, antimicrobial, anti-
cancer, anti-fertility, anti-mutagenic,
etc. These properties are due to the
presence of a variety of
phytochemicals, such as flavonoids,
polyphenols, triterpenoids, tannins,
glycosides, and several others, in the
extracts.
Bharani, A., Efficacy of Terminalia arjuna in chronic stable angina: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study comparing
Terminalia arjuna with isosorbide mononitrate. Indian heart journal
Dosage – 500mg/day
31. Introduction
Gotu kola is an ancient Ayurvedic remedy that is now used extensively in the West.
It is a useful tonic and cleansing herb for skin problems and digestive disorders.
In India, it is used to treat a variety of conditions, including leprosy, but it is valued
chiefly as a revitalizing herb that strengthens nervous function and memory.
It has a bittersweet, acrid taste.
Habitat & Cultivation
Gotu kola is found growing wild throughout India.
It prefers marshy areas and riverbanks.
Gotu kola can be cultivated from seed in spring.
The aerial parts are harvested throughout the year.
Bylka W, et al. Centella asiatica in cosmetology. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology. 2013 Feb
32. Parts Used
Aerial parts
Key Constituents
Triterpenoid saponins (centelloids)
Alkaloids (hydrocotyline)
Bitter principles (vellarin)
Sun B, Wu L, et al. Therapeutic potential of Centella Asiatica and its triterpenes: A review.
Frontiers in pharmacology. 2020 Sep
33. Key Actions
Wound healer
Tonic
Anti-inflammatory
Sedative
Peripheral vasodilator
Key Preparations
Powder – general tonic
Paste – mixed with water (2 tsp+25ml) for eczema
Caution!
Can occasionally cause sensitivity to sunlight.
May cause allergic reactions in rare cases
Sun B, Wu L, et al. Therapeutic potential of Centella Asiatica and its triterpenes: A review.
Frontiers in pharmacology. 2020 Sep
34. Sun B, Wu L, et al. Therapeutic Potential of Centella Asiatica and Its Triterpenes: A Review. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Sep.
It has-
Asiatic acid
Madecassic acid
Asiaticoside
madecassoside
35. Title Journal and year Conclusion
Park KS.
Pharmacological effects of Centella
asiatica on skin diseases: evidence
and possible mechanisms.
Evidence-Based Complementary and
Alternative Medicine. 2021 Nov 20.
C. asiatica is an herb used in
traditional Chinese medicine. Its main
effective components are asiaticoside,
asiatic acid, madecassoside, and
madecassic acid. As mentioned
earlier, C. asiatica and its triterpenoids
have a wide range of medicinal
values. In vivo and in vitro studies
showed that C. asiatica and its
triterpenoids had therapeutic and
relieving effects on atopic dermatitis,
wound acne, and vitiligo, C. asiatica ,
and its triterpenoids can be used in
many medical situations because they
have anti-inflammatory and anti-
apoptotic effects, relieve oxidant
stress, and improve mitochondrial
function
37. Introduction
Large, evergreen, twining plant, climbing up through forest trees,
sometimes to a considerable height.
Has dull green leaves about 2 in (5 cm) long, and cluster of small yellow
flowers.
Habitat & Cultivation
Gymnema is native to forests of central and southern India, It prefers
loamy soil.
Parts used
Leaves
Key constituents
Saponins (gymnemic acids)
Polypeptides
Pothuraju R, et al. A systematic review of Gymnema sylvestre in obesity and diabetes management.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2014 Mar.
38. Key Actions
Gymnema has real value in treating diabetes, especially in the early
stages of type 2 diabetes, which develops in middle to old age.
If taken consistently for a year or more, it will help to prevent the
condition from deteriorating.
Gymnema may help to regenerate cells in the pancreas that secrete
insulin, so it may be possible to control or reverse mild diabetes with diet
and gymnema.
The plant’s remarkable ability to block sweet tastes means that it can
reduce sugar cravings and contribute to weight-loss programs.
Dosage – 600mg/day
Pothuraju R, et al. A systematic review of Gymnema sylvestre in obesity and diabetes management.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2014 Mar.
Zuñiga, L. Y. Effect of Gymnema Sylvestre Administration on
Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Secretion.
Journal of medicinal food
39.
40.
41. Title Journal and year Conclusion
Khan F, et al.
Comprehensive review on
phytochemicals, pharmacological
and clinical potentials of Gymnema
sylvestre.
Frontiers in pharmacology. 2019
October
Gymnema Sylvestre constitutes
saponins, flavanol, glycosides,
gymnemanol, gurmarin, etc. which
have anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative, anti-
metastatic, anti-inflammatory, lipid-
lowering, and several other properties.
People are using this plant as a cheap
substitution for their anti-diabetic
medicine without any knowledge of
what part of the plant to be used which
results in the unnecessary destruction
of the whole plant. Thus, this plant is
being wasted without being used up to
its maximum potential. In order to
prevent the waste of this plant, legal
production of medicinal preparation
from the plant should be ensured and
sustainable use of this plant should be
closely monitored.
43. Introduction
Creeping succulent perennial growing to 20 in (50 cm).
Has spatula-shaped fleshy leaves and pale blue or white flowers on long,
slender stalks
Habitat & Cultivation
Water hyssop grows in warmer temperate and tropical climates,
especially in southern Asia.
It thrives in marshland, developing into dense mats on mudflats and at the
edges of mangrove swamps.
Shalini, V. T. et al., Neuroprotection with Bacopa monnieri-A review of experimental
evidence. Molecular biology reports, 2021
44. Parts used
Aerial parts
Shalini, V. T. et al., Neuroprotection with Bacopa monnieri-A review of experimental
evidence. Molecular biology reports, 2021
45. Key constituents
Triterpenoid Saponins
Bacosides
Key Actions
In India, water hyssop is used principally for disorders of the nervous
system, such as neuralgia, epilepsy, and mental illness,
but it is also employed for a wide range of other disorders, including
indigestion, ulcers, gas and constipation, asthma and bronchitis, and
infertility.
In China, it is taken as a yang tonic for impotence, premature ejaculation,
infertility, and rheumatic conditions.
In Indonesia, the plant is a remedy for filariasis (a tropical disease caused
by worms).
Shalini, V. T. et al., Neuroprotection with Bacopa monnieri-A review of experimental
evidence. Molecular biology reports, 2021
47. Calabrese, C., Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Alternative and complementary medicine
Dosage- 300mg/day
48. Title Journal and year Conclusion
Banerjee S, et al.
Bacosides from Bacopa
monnieri extract: An overview
of the effects on neurological
disorders.
Phytotherapy Research.
2021 Oct
In this review article, the authors
have tried to collect and
summarize the properties,
applications, and recent reports
on traditional uses of
phytochemistry, pharmacological
properties, toxicity, extracts, and
isolated compounds of bacosides
and bacopa saponins. Increasing
SOD activity, free radical
scavenging, GABA receptors,
and levels of various antioxidant
enzymes (that protect the cells
from ROS) give an insight into
the antioxidative and anti-
inflammatory properties of
bacosides.
50. Introduction
Ashwagandha has been called “Indian ginseng” because it is used in
Ayurveda in much the same way that ginseng is used in Chinese
medicine: to improve vitality and to aid recovery after chronic illness.
It invigorates when fatigued, eases the impact of stress and anxiety, and
aids sleep.
Habitat & Cultivation
Ashwagandha is found in India, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East.
It is propagated from seed or cuttings in spring.
The leaves are harvested in spring and the fruit and root in autumn.
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York:
DK Pub.
51. Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York:
DK Pub.
52. Key Constituents
Alkaloids
Steroidal lactones (withanolides)
Iron
Key Actions
Adaptogenic
Tonic
Mild sedative
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York:
DK Pub.
54. Title Journal and year Conclusion
Speers AB, et al.
Effects of Withania somnifera
(ashwagandha) on stress and the
stress-related neuropsychiatric
disorders anxiety, depression,
and insomnia.
Current Neuropharmacology.
2021 Sep
Extracts made from
Ashwagandha root and/or leaf
have shown remarkable anti-
stress and anti-anxiety activity in
numerous animal models and
clinical studies. Fewer studies
have examined the effects of WS
on depression and sleep, but as
before, positive activity was
observed here as well. The ability
of WS to potentially ameliorate
all of these conditions, which
often occur as co-morbidities, is
of significance.
55.
56. Title Journal and year Conclusion
Sengupta, P., et al.
Role of Withania somnifera
(Ashwagandha) in the
management of male infertility.
Reproductive biomedicine online
2018
It can be appraised that Withania
somnifera is beneficial for male
fertility in various aspects.
Lopresti, A. An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: A
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Dosage- 240mg/day
58. Introduction
Neem is one of the most valued herbs in Indian and Ayurvedic medicine.
Extracts of the leaves are used to treat conditions such as asthma,
eczema, diabetes, and rheumatism, while neem oil has been applied as a
hair lotion, to treat headlice, and to calm angry skin rashes.
Research indicates that neem may prove useful as an insecticide and a
contraceptive.
The tree itself is said to purify the air and is widely planted in India.
Habitat & Cultivation
Native to Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka, neem is found throughout the
subcontinent in forests and woods.
It is now naturalized in other tropical regions.
It is grown from seed.
Leaves and seeds are harvested throughout the year.
59. Key Constituents
Meliacins
Liminoids
Triterpenoid bitters
Sterols
Tannins
Flavonoids
Key Actions
Anti-inflammatory
Lowers fever
Antimicrobial
Promotes wound healing
Antiparasitic
Antimalarial
Subapriya R, et al. Medicinal properties of neem leaves a review. Current Medicinal
Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents. 2005 Mar
60. Parts used
Subapriya R, et al. Medicinal properties of neem leaves a review. Current Medicinal
Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents. 2005 Mar
61. Key preparations and uses
Tinctures for fever
Infusion
Decoction
Topical applications for skin and scalp
Dosage- 500mg twice/day
Nesari, T. M., Neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss) Capsules for Prophylaxis of COVID-19
Infection: A Pilot, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Alternative therapies in health
and medicine
62.
63. Title Journal and year Conclusion
Islas JF, et al.
An overview of Neem
(Azadirachta indica) and its
potential impact on health.
Journal of Functional Foods.
2020 Nov
Neem’s most attractive benefits, its
anti-cancerous and anti-diabetic
activities, result from the anti-
inflammatory properties of the
compounds found within. Stopping
ROS (anti-oxidant activity) is a
measure of prevention and mediation
of the potential exacerbation of
metabolic diseases. In addition,
inflammation is a state reduced by
compounds found in neem-like
limonoid. Limonoid, an example of
compounds which not only reduce
inflammation but also work as a pain-
relief agent, due to the activation of
the opioid pathway.
65. Introduction
Slender perennial fern growing to 23 ft (7 m) in height.
Shatavari has fronds of needle-like leaves, tiny white flowers, and purple-black
berries.
Habitat & Cultivation
Native to the Himalayas and the Indian subcontinent.
Shatavari grows wild in gravelly soils.
Parts Used
Root
Pandey AK, et al. Impact of stress on female reproductive health disorders: Possible
beneficial effects of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.
2018 Jul
66. Chemical Constituents
Steroidal saponins
Alkaloids
Mucilage
Key Actions
Shatavari is known as the “Queen of herbs” in Ayurvedic medicine.
Its name literally means “100 spouses,” signifying the herb’s ability to
act as a sexual tonic and promote fertility.
Pandey AK, et al. Impact of stress on female reproductive health disorders: Possible
beneficial effects of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.
2018 Jul
67. Key Uses
A key Ayurvedic remedy, Shatavari is first and foremost a women’s
herb, aiding fertility and promoting conception, and acting as a general
reproductive and sexual tonic.
Shatavari can prove particularly helpful in easing menopausal
symptoms, such as hot flashes and poor stamina.
It appears to improve fertility in both men and women and may also be
taken to treat impotence.
A tonic, strengthening herb, Shatavari supports immune function and has
a place in the treatment of immunosuppressed conditions.
Pandey AK, et al. Impact of stress on female reproductive health disorders: Possible
beneficial effects of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.
2018 Jul
68.
69.
70. Title Journal and year Conclusion
Pandey AK, et al.
Impact of stress on female
reproductive health disorders:
Possible beneficial effects of
Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus).
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.
2018 Jul
Girls and women are more frequently
exposed to psychological, physical,
and physiological stressors during
their reproductive life. This study
proposes that Shatavari is frequently
used by Ayurvedic practitioners to
treat reproductive health disorders.
We propose that Shatavari possibly
nourishes the ovary by increasing
estradiol-17 β level, reducing OS
level, and increasing antioxidant
ability to correct the reproductive
health disorders
Dosage- 400mg twice/day
Rangnekar, H. Safety and efficacy of herbal extracts to restore respiratory health and improve innate immunity in COVID-19 positive patients
with mild to moderate severity: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
72. Introduction
Familiar as a spice and flavoring, ginger is also one of the world’s best
medicines. It has been revered in Asia since the earliest times.
Ginger’s warming and anti-inflammatory properties can bring relief to problems
as varied as headache and migraine, joint pain, indigestion, motion sickness, and
morning sickness.
Habitat & Cultivation
Native to Asia, ginger is grown throughout the tropics.
It is propagated by dividing the rootstock.
Ginger flourishes in fertile soil and needs plenty of rain.
The rhizome is unearthed when the plant is 10 months old.
It is washed, soaked, and sometimes boiled and peeled.
Haniadka R, et al. A review of the gastroprotective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale
Roscoe). Food & function. 2013.
73. Parts Used
Rhizome
Haniadka R, et al. A review of the gastroprotective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale
Roscoe). Food & function. 2013.
74. Key Constituents
Volatile oil (1–3%) —zingiberene (20–30%)
Oleoresin (4–7.5%) —gingerol, shogaols
Key actions
Anti-inflammatory
Circulatory stimulant
Antiemetic
Antiviral
Digestive stimulant
Colds, flu, & fevers
Key Preparations
Infusion for nausea, drink 3/4 cup (150 ml) 3 times a day.
Essential oil For arthritic aches and pains, dilute 5 drops in 20 drops of carrier oil
and apply.
Haniadka R, et al. A review of the gastroprotective effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale
Roscoe). Food & function. 2013.
75.
76. Title Journal and year Conclusion
Unuofin JO, et al.
Ginger from farmyard to town:
Nutritional and pharmacological
applications.
Frontiers in Pharmacology
2021 Nov.
The presence of superabundant pungent
constituents (>400), for instance, gingerols,
shogaols, zingerone, and many others
provide therapeutic benefits of this plant.
The pharmacological activities of ginger and
its chemical compounds are promising in the
mitigation, treatment, prevention of diabetes,
male infertility, obesity, nausea, emesis, as
well as inflammation. Presently, the
potential inhibition activity of ginger
phytochemicals against SARS-Cov-2 and to
assess its binding affinities to block SARS-
Cov-2 have been reported.
Dosage – 450mg twice/day
Sharifzadeh, F. A comparison between the effects of ginger, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), and placebo for the treatment of first-trimester nausea
and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP). The Journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine: the official journal of the European Association of
Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
78. Introduction
Holy basil, like sweet (culinary) basil, comes from India, where it
is revered as the herb sacred to the goddess Lakshmi, wife of
Vishnu, the god who preserves life.
Tulsi means “matchless,” and the herb has very important
medicinal properties, notably reducing blood sugar levels.
In Indian herbal medicine, holy basil has a wide range of uses,
including relieving fevers, bronchitis, asthma, stress, and mouth
ulcers.
Habitat & Cultivation
Holy basil is native to India and other tropical regions of Asia.
Holy basil can be grown from seed and is often cultivated as a
potted plant.
The aerial parts are picked before the flowers open, in early
summer
80. Parts Used
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
81. Key Preparations and their uses
Juice for skin infections, apply 1/2 tbsp to the affected part twice a day.
Decoction is used for fevers and as a tonic. Take (150 ml) daily as a general
tonic.
Powder For mouth ulcers, rub powder gently into sore areas several times a
day.
Holy basil is valuable for respiratory infections, especially colds, coughs,
bronchitis, and pleurisy.
Chevallier, A. (2000) DK Natural Health: Encyclopedia of herbal medicine. New York: DK Pub.
82.
83.
84. Title Journal and year Conclusion
Cohen M. M. (2014).
Tulsi - Ocimum sanctum: A herb
for all reasons. Journal of
Ayurveda and integrative medicine
Journal of Ayurveda and
integrative medicine
2014
Modern-day scientific research into Tulsi
demonstrates the many psychological and
physiological benefits of consuming Tulsi
and provides a testament to the wisdom
inherent in Hinduism and Ayurveda, which
celebrates Tulsi as a plant that can be
worshipped, ingested, made into tea, and
used for medicinal and spiritual purposes
within daily life.
Devpura, G. Randomized placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial on the efficacy of ayurvedic treatment regime on COVID-19 positive
patients. Phytomedicine: international journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology
Dosage – 1g/day
86. Introduction
Spiny shrub or tree, growing to (2 m), with oval, serrated leaves, brownish-
red flowers, and red fruits.
Guggul, the gum resin obtained from the bark, forms pale yellow to brown
“tears” on the stems.
Habitat & Cultivation
Guggul thrives in dry, semi-arid, and desert environments across much of the
Indian sub-continent and the Middle East.
Parts Used
Gum resin
Ahmad MA, et al. Guggulipid: a promising multi-purpose herbal medicinal agent. Drug Research.
2020 Apr
87. Key constituents
fat-soluble steroids (guggulipids)
guggulsterone
Key uses
Guggul has anti-inflammatory, blood-thinning, and cholesterol-lowering activity,
and—true to the ancient understanding of the herb—can be helpful in treating
obesity.
In Ayurveda, guggul is principally used to treat arthritic problems, such as
osteoarthritis, though it is also considered to have tonic and rejuvenating properties.
It reduces the stickiness of platelets and thins the blood, and may have a protective
activity on the heart.
The normal dose of guggulipid extract is 1–1.5 g a day (equivalent to 50–75 mg of
guggulsterone)
Caution!
Avoid pregnancy and breastfeeding
Ahmad MA, et al. Guggulipid: a promising multi-
purpose herbal medicinal agent. Drug Research.
2020 Apr
88.
89.
90. Title Journal and year Conclusion
Stansbury J, et al.
Promoting healthy thyroid function
with iodine, bladderwrack, guggul
and iris.
Journal of Restorative
Medicine. 2012 Sep 1
Optimal thyroid function requires sufficient
amounts of bioavailable iodine. Humans depend
on dietary sources for iodine including animal
products, seaweed, and iodized salt. Iodine
deficiency can cause a number of negative health
consequences, especially during infancy. Fucus
vesiculosuspromotes thyroid function as an
excellent source of iodine. Commiphora
mukul increases the uptake of iodine in the
thyroid. Iris versicolor is less well studied than the
other herbs but has historically been utilized in the
treatment of goiter.
Singh, R. B. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of Commiphora mukul as an adjunct to dietary therapy in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Cardiovascular drugs and therapy
Dosage – 50mg twice/day
92. Introduction
With a constituent—glycyrrhizic acid—that is 50 times sweeter than sugar
it is not surprising that licorice is mainly thought of as candy.
Yet it is also one of the most valuable of all herbal medicines, a powerful anti-
inflammatory that is effective in conditions as varied as arthritis.
Habitat & Cultivation
Licorice grows wild in southwestern Asia and is extensively cultivated.
It is propagated by dividing the roots in autumn or spring.
The root of 3–4-year-old plants is unearthed in late autumn
94. Key Constituents
Triterpene saponins (glycyrrhizin, up to 6%)
Isoflavones (liquiritin, isoliquiritin, formononetin)
Polysaccharides
Phytosterols
Key Actions
Anti-inflammatory
Expectorant
Demulcent (relieve inflammation)
Mild laxative
Key preparation
Tincture for gastritis, add (100 ml) of water and take twice a day.
Decoction for constipation.
95.
96. Title Journal and year Conclusion
Wahab, S.,
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): A
Comprehensive Review of Its
Phytochemistry, Biological
Activities, Clinical Evidence, and
Toxicology.
Plants
2021
To sum up the current review, licorice extracts
and licorice flavonoids have been exploited for
the activities such as hepatoprotective,
anticancer, antibacterial, respiratory tract
infections, and cardiovascular diseases.
Rangnekar. Safety and efficacy of herbal extracts to restore respiratory health and improve innate immunity in COVID-19 positive
patients with mild to moderate severity: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Dosage – 450-500mg/day
98. Introduction
Triphala is a well-known and highly regarded polyherbal remedy made out of the
dried fruits of the three plant species (tri = three, Phala = fruits in Sanskrit).
Terminalia bellerica (Bibhitaki), Emblica officinalis (Amalaki), and Terminalia
chebula (Haritaki)
In Ayurvedic medicine, it is categorized as a tridoshic rasayana because it encourages
longevity and regeneration in patients of various constitutions and ages.
According to the teachings of the renowned physician Charak in the Charaka Samhita,
Sushruta Samhita, a fundamental document of Ayurveda, three herbs, normally in
equal amounts, have been utilized in traditional medicine in India for over 1000 years.
According to Charak, consuming the Triphala Rasayana (Triphala with honey and
ghee) every day can cause someone to live for 100 years without experiencing old age
or illness.
Triphala is a tridoshic rasayana, which means that its energetics are suitable for all
patients, whether they be Vata, Pitta, or Kapha.
102. Title Journal and year Conclusion
Peterson CT, et al.
Therapeutic uses of Triphala in
ayurvedic medicine.
The Journal of Alternative
and Complementary
Medicine.
2017 Aug
Triphala is a powerful polyherbal formula with
myriad efficacious therapeutic uses for
maintaining homeostasis as well as the
prevention and treatment of disease. Many
scientific studies have reported evidence-based
validation of various traditional uses of Triphala.
It provides therapeutic value for multiple
pathologies
Dosage – 1-3g/day with ghee