physiology of spinal cord.pptx
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The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical bundle of nerve fibers that extends from the base of the brain down to the lower back. It plays a crucial role in the central nervous system (CNS) and serves as a pathway for communication between the brain and the rest of the body. The physiology of the spinal cord involves various functions, including sensory and motor processing, reflexes, and coordination of movements. Here are some key aspects of spinal cord physiology
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The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain controls functions like awareness, thoughts, movements, sensations, and memory. The PNS includes nerves and ganglia. It has sensory and motor divisions. Neurons transmit signals via electrical and chemical processes at synapses using neurotransmitters. Glial cells support neuron function. The presentation provides detailed information on the structure and function of the nervous system.
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- 1. Spinal cord physiology Presented by Kolhe Yash Anil F.Y Bpharm Satara college of pharmacy SCOP
- 2. The spinal cord is a long, cylindrical bundle of nerve fibers that extends from the base of the brain down to the lower back. It plays a crucial role in the central nervous system (CNS) and serves as a pathway for communication between the brain and the rest of the body. The physiology of the spinal cord involves various functions, including sensory and motor processing, reflexes, and coordination of movements.
- 4. Here are some key aspects of spinal cord physiology: • Neural Pathways: The spinal cord contains both ascending and descending neural pathways. Ascending pathways transmit sensory information from the body to the brain, while descending pathways convey motor commands from the brain to the muscles and other effector organs.
- 5. • Segments and Tracts: The spinal cord is divided into segments, each corresponding to a specific region of the body. These segments are further organized into white matter tracts that carry information to and from different parts of the body. Sensory information enters the spinal cord through the dorsal (back) side, while motor commands exit through the ventral (front) side.
- 6. • Sensory Processing: Sensory information from the body is received by specialized receptors and transmitted via sensory neurons to the spinal cord. Once in the spinal cord, the sensory signals are processed and relayed to higher brain centers for further interpretation. This processing can involve modulating the strength and quality of the sensory information.
- 7. • Motor Control: Motor commands originate in the brain and are transmitted via descending motor pathways in the spinal cord. These pathways consist of upper motor neurons (located in the brain) and lower motor neurons (located in the spinal cord). The lower motor neurons directly innervate the muscles, enabling voluntary movements. • Reflexes: The spinal cord is responsible for coordinating reflex actions, which are rapid, automatic responses to specific stimuli. Reflex arcs involve sensory neurons, interneurons within the spinal cord, and motor neurons. When a sensory receptor detects a stimulus, the spinal cord can generate a motor response without the need for input from the brain. This allows for quick protective reactions. • Autonomic Functions: The spinal cord also plays a role in autonomic functions, which regulate involuntary processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, and breathing. Autonomic nerves that control these functions travel through the spinal cord, connecting the brain to peripheral organs. • White and Gray Matter: The spinal cord has a distinct anatomical organization. The outer portion consists of white matter, which contains myelinated axons that form tracts. The inner region comprises gray matter, which contains cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons. The gray matter is organized into butterfly-shaped regions called the dorsal horn, ventral horn, and lateral horn.