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1. NERVOUS SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY GROUP NO 1

2. INTRODUCTION:
It is that system of body which receives information
from inside and outside the body, processes
received information and transmits impulses to
control different bodily functions and to maintain a
constant internal environment despite extreme
changes in external environment.

4. STRUCTURE OF BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
• Structures of brain and spinal cord are arranged in two layers,
namely gray matter and white matter.
• Gray matter is formed by nerve cell bodies and the proximal parts of
nerve fibers, arising from nerve cell body.
• White matter is formed by remaining parts of nerve fibers.
In brain, white matter is placed in the inner part and gray matter is
placed in the outer part. In spinal cord it is vice versa.

5. • Brain is found in the skull & serves as overall control center for
the nervous system
• Spinal Cord is surrounded by vertebrae and extends down the
back of the neck, thorax and abdomen
• Center of many reflex actions
• Provides a link between sensory and motor nerves
• Both are enclosed in 3 protective membranes called the meninges
(piamater ,arachnoid mater & dura mater )
• Space between meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid which
protects and cushions the CNS

6. BRAIN:

7. PARTS OF BRAIN:

8. PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
• All parts of the nervous system lying outside the brain and
spinal cord.
• Humans have
• 12 pairs of cranial nerves (sensory/motor/mixed) which
control the head, face, neck, shoulders
• Except VAGUS nerve – controls internal organs
• 31 pairs of spinal nerves (mixed) which take impulses to
and from the spinal cord

9. It is again divided into two subdivisions:
1. Somatic nervous system
2. Autonomic nervous system
• Somatic Nervous System
Somatic nervous system is concerned with somatic functions. It includes
the nerves supplying the skeletal muscles. Somatic nervous system is
responsible for muscular activities and movements of the body
• Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic nervous system is concerned with regulation of visceral
functions. So, it is otherwise called involuntary nervous system.
Autonomic nervous system consists of two divisions,
1. sympathetic division
2. parasympathetic division

10. NEURON
• Structural and functional unit of nervous system is called neuron.

11. NEUROGLIA OR GLIAL CELLS
• Neuroglia or glia (glia = glue) is the supporting cell of the nervous
system. Neuroglial cells are non-excitable and do not transmit nerve
impulse (action potential). So, these cells are also called non-neural
cells or glial cells.
• Neuroglial cells are distributed in central nervous system (CNS) as
well as peripheral nervous system (PNS). Accordingly the neuroglial
cells are classified into two types:
A. Central neuroglial cells
B. B. Peripheral neuroglial cells.

12. CENTRAL NEUROGLIAL CELLS
• Neuroglial cells in CNS are of four types:
1. Astrocytes
2. Microglia
3. Oligodendrocytes
4. Ependymal cells

13. PERIPHERAL NEUROGLIAL CELLS
Neuroglial cells in PNS are of two types:
1. Schwann cells
2. Satellite cells.