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Physical science review
- 1. Physical Science Review T. Spence
- 2. Objective 1.1.1 Explain Motion Motion - occurs when an object position relative to a reference point Distance - how far an object has traveled Displacement - distance and direction of an object’s change in position from start point Going in same direction add Going in difference direction subtract
- 3. Objective 1.1.1 Explain Motion Speed - the distance an object travels per unit time - rate of change in position Speed = Distance/Time
- 4. Objective 1.1.1 Explain Motion Velocity - includes speed of an object and the direction of the motion Velocity = Distance/Time
- 5. Objective 1.1.1 Explain Motion Acceleration - rate of change of velocity Acceleration = velocity final - velocity initial / time
- 6. Objective 1.1.1 Explain Motion Force - Push or pull Balanced Force - Opposite direction/ equal value/no movement Unbalance force - Opposite direction/ one with a greater force / movement
- 7. Objective 1.1.2 Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion 1st Law of Motion - An object in motion stay in motion unless acted on by a force Law of Inertia
- 8. Objective 1.1.2 Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion Second Law - the acceleration of a body depends on the ratio of the acting force to the mass of the body
- 9. Objective 1.1.1 Explain Motion Force = Mass * acceleration
- 10. Objective 1.1.1 Explain Motion 3rd Law of Motion - For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction Balanced forces
- 11. Objective 1.2.2 Friction Friction - A force that resist motion and can cause heat Static Friction - friction on a stationary object Sliding friction - friction sliding over a surface Rolling friction - friction acting on an object that rolling Fluid friction - friction acting on a fluid (water or air)
- 12. Objective 1.2.2 Friction Air Resistance - Force acting upward against gravity (Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion) If 2 objects drop in a vacuum both will hit the ground at the same time.
- 13. Objective 1.2.2 Weight Weight Formula (Newtons) = Mass * gravity
- 14. Objective 3.1.4 Work and Power Work - Transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move Work (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m)
- 15. Objective 3.1.4 Work and Power Power - The rate at which work is done Power (Watts) = Work (J) / time (s)
- 16. Objective 3.1.4 Simple Machines Makes work easier - increase force, distance, direction Lever - Bar that is free to pivot around a fixed point Pulley - Grooved wheel with a rope chain or cable running along groove Wheel & Axle - As a wheel and axle Inclined plane - Sloped surface Screw - Inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylindrical post Wedge - An inclined plan with one or 2 sloping sides
- 17. Objective 3.1.4 Simple Machines Input force - what you put into the machine Output force - the force put out by the machine Input work - work done by you Output work - work done by you
- 18. Objective 3.1.4 Simple Machines Law of conservation - Energy is not created nor destroyed Work in = Work out
- 19. Objective 3.1.4 Mechanical Advantage Actual Mechanical Advantage = Output Force/Input Force Idea Mechanical Advantage = Input Force/Output Force Efficiency = Work Out / Work In X 100
- 20. Objective 3.1.2 Energy and Heat Energy - The ability to cause change Forms - Electrical, Thermal, Chemical, and Mechanical (know the differences), Nuclear Energy, Electromagnetic Energy Energy can only change forms, cannot be created nor destroyed
- 21. Objective 3.1.2 Energy and Heat 2 Types of Energy Kinetic Energy - Energy of motion (J) depends on mass and speed Potential Energy - Energy stored depends on height
- 22. Objective 3.1.2 Energy and Heat Kinetic Energy = 0.5(m)(v2) Potential Energy = m(g)(h) Gravity on Earth = 9.8
- 23. Objective 3.1.2 Energy and Heat Heat Transfers from hot to cold Temperature is a measure of how fast molecules move (kinetic energy) Move fast - expand - hot Move slow - contract - cold
- 24. Objective 3.1.1 Heat Transfer Specific Heat - Amount of heat needed to raise the temp. Of one gram of material by one degree Celsius Low Specific - faster it heats up and cool down
- 25. Objective 3.1.1 Heat Transfer 3 Types of Heat Transfer Conduction - by touch Convection - in fluids Radiation - through space
- 26. Objective 3.1.1 Heat Transfer 3 Types of Heat Transfer Conduction - by touch Convection - in fluids Radiation - through space
- 27. Objective 3.2.2 Waves Wave - A repeating movement or disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space Mechanical waves - waves that can only travel through a medium (matter) Transverse waves - matter moves back & forth at right angles to the direction that the wave travels Longitudinal waves - matter in the medium moves in the same direction that the wave travels Electromagnetic waves - travels at the same speed in a vacuum Surface Waves - Water Waves
- 28. Objective 3.2.1 Wave Parts Crest - highest point of wave Troughs - Lowest point of waves Compressions - coils close together Rarefaction - coils spread apart Wavelength - distance between crests or troughs Frequency - number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point Amplitude - measure from rest position to crest or trough
- 29. Objective 3.2.1 Wave Speed Wave Speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x Wavelength (m)
- 30. Objective 3.2.4 Wave Interactions Reflection - A wave strikes an object and bounces off Refraction - bending Diffraction - Change in direction Interference - When 2 or more waves overlap and combine to form a new wave