Educational Technology and pedagogy techniques in Physical EducationJ. Priyanka
Educational Technology and pedagogy techniques in Physical Education
Responsibilities of a Teacher
Effective Teaching
Supervision
Motivation
Student Oriented Teaching
Planning
Methods
Class management
Other Duties
Teachers Role
Introduction
Talent Definition
Importance of Talent Identification
Componenets
Stages of pursuit of excellence
Steps for talents and its promotion
Dimension of Family
Key Factors for talent Identification
"Observation" the main key Factor
This word presentation is prepared for elementary teacher trainees of DIET Daryaganj while keeping in view the curriculum of subject Teaching of Health and Physical Education and they are free to use this presentation in anyway as they like.
The document discusses physical education, defining it as education focused on physical development through body movements and motor skills. It covers the main objectives of physical education, which include developing motor skills, knowledge of human body functioning, tactics for sports/games, and socio-psychological aspects. The scope of physical education is also examined, including contents related to games/sports heritage, mechanics, biology, health/wellness, psycho-social development, and talent identification. Issues with implementing aspects of physical education in South African schools are raised.
Somatotyping is a method of classifying body types based on measurements of endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy. These categories refer to body fat (endomorphy), muscle/bone development (mesomorphy), and linearity/frailty (ectomorphy). Body composition can be measured using various anthropometric methods outlined by Heath and Carter, as well as newer techniques like DEXA scans, bioelectrical impedance, and densitometry. Factors like age, gender, race, and physical activity influence body composition. Different sports select for certain somatotypes based on physical requirements - for example, swimmers tend toward an ectomorphic body type while weightlifters are often mesomorphic.
6.3 CECS Level III Planning a Training Year - Common Theory.pptxEshetuGirma1
The document outlines the process of planning an annual training plan for athletes. It discusses that the plan should be divided into periods and phases with specific objectives. The key steps in planning are: 1) evaluating previous performance and setting goals, 2) deciding on a single, double or multi-period structure, 3) determining objectives and durations of periods and phases, 4) planning mesocycles and microcycles, 5) quantifying training loads, and 6) monitoring and evaluation. The appropriate structure depends on the athlete's development stage. Sample annual plans for single, double and multi-period structures are provided.
Educational Technology and pedagogy techniques in Physical EducationJ. Priyanka
Educational Technology and pedagogy techniques in Physical Education
Responsibilities of a Teacher
Effective Teaching
Supervision
Motivation
Student Oriented Teaching
Planning
Methods
Class management
Other Duties
Teachers Role
Introduction
Talent Definition
Importance of Talent Identification
Componenets
Stages of pursuit of excellence
Steps for talents and its promotion
Dimension of Family
Key Factors for talent Identification
"Observation" the main key Factor
This word presentation is prepared for elementary teacher trainees of DIET Daryaganj while keeping in view the curriculum of subject Teaching of Health and Physical Education and they are free to use this presentation in anyway as they like.
The document discusses physical education, defining it as education focused on physical development through body movements and motor skills. It covers the main objectives of physical education, which include developing motor skills, knowledge of human body functioning, tactics for sports/games, and socio-psychological aspects. The scope of physical education is also examined, including contents related to games/sports heritage, mechanics, biology, health/wellness, psycho-social development, and talent identification. Issues with implementing aspects of physical education in South African schools are raised.
Somatotyping is a method of classifying body types based on measurements of endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy. These categories refer to body fat (endomorphy), muscle/bone development (mesomorphy), and linearity/frailty (ectomorphy). Body composition can be measured using various anthropometric methods outlined by Heath and Carter, as well as newer techniques like DEXA scans, bioelectrical impedance, and densitometry. Factors like age, gender, race, and physical activity influence body composition. Different sports select for certain somatotypes based on physical requirements - for example, swimmers tend toward an ectomorphic body type while weightlifters are often mesomorphic.
6.3 CECS Level III Planning a Training Year - Common Theory.pptxEshetuGirma1
The document outlines the process of planning an annual training plan for athletes. It discusses that the plan should be divided into periods and phases with specific objectives. The key steps in planning are: 1) evaluating previous performance and setting goals, 2) deciding on a single, double or multi-period structure, 3) determining objectives and durations of periods and phases, 4) planning mesocycles and microcycles, 5) quantifying training loads, and 6) monitoring and evaluation. The appropriate structure depends on the athlete's development stage. Sample annual plans for single, double and multi-period structures are provided.
This document discusses periodization in sports. It begins with the origins and history of periodization in ancient Greece and China. It then defines periodization as a method of cycling training characteristics like endurance and strength over various periods to build athlete abilities. The document outlines several periodization models including the classic, pendulum, structural, block, and Bompa models. It also discusses the principles of periodization including specificity, overload, progressivity, and others. Finally, it provides an example of how periodization may be applied to a jiu-jitsu training plan.
This document provides information on educational research. It begins with an introduction to research, noting that research purifies life and shows how to solve problems scientifically. It then lists the objectives of educational research as explaining concepts, describing scope, stating purposes, and differentiating between types of research. The document discusses sources of knowledge acquisition like learned authority and tradition. It states that educational research aims to develop effective methods for educators to achieve their goals. The document also outlines levels of education research, defines experimental and case study research, and discusses patents, including the criteria of patentability, tools for patent search, and the need for patents. It concludes by stating that research objectives should be clear, achievable questions or statements to answer the overall research problem
Mean and Methods to develop Co-ordinationMAHABOOBJAN A
This document discusses coordination and coordinative abilities in sports. It defines coordination as the ability to control and regulate movement through the central nervous system and sensory organs. It identifies seven specific coordinative abilities: orientation, coupling, differentiation, balance, rhythm, reaction, and adaptation. For each ability, it provides examples and explains how the ability depends on specific sensory functions. It concludes by outlining seven methods for improving coordinative abilities, such as performing varied physical exercises, correctly executing movements, and systematically increasing the difficulty of exercises.
This document discusses sport for all as both an educational and social phenomenon in the Balkans region. It outlines several goals of sport for all, including improving health, socialization, and developing skills. The document also notes that a lack of access to sport is associated with increased obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and health problems. Finally, it argues that sport for all can promote lifelong learning and an active lifestyle while also facilitating social involvement and leisure activities.
Food fuels and the three energy systemsChris Lehner
The document discusses the three energy systems - ATP-CP, anaerobic glycolysis, and aerobic - that provide energy for physical activity. It explains the characteristics of each system, including their rate of ATP production and the fuels used. The relative contribution of each system depends on the intensity, duration, and type of exercise. Carbohydrates are the preferred fuel for exercise as they can be broken down more quickly than fats to produce energy. The document also discusses the storage and utilization of different fuels and how dietary intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins affects energy production during exercise.
This document provides an overview of research methodologies in physical education. It discusses the meaning and characteristics of research, as well as the need and importance of research in physical education. It also covers different types of research including fundamental, applied, and action research. Additionally, it outlines the process of selecting a research problem, surveying related literature, and conducting historical, philosophical, and experimental research.
This document discusses test measurement and evaluation in physical education. It defines key terms like test, measurement, and evaluation. A test is a tool used to obtain responses to make judgements about characteristics like fitness and skills. Measurement involves collecting numeric performance data. Evaluation is the process of comparing data to criteria to make decisions. Tests should be reliable, valid, and objective. Measurements must be quantitative, precise, and reliable. Evaluation is a systematic, continuous process to identify program strengths and weaknesses. Evaluation is important for setting objectives, assessing student and teacher performance, and improving curriculum. It provides feedback to motivate learning and development.
This document summarizes physical activity guidelines and research on the importance of physical education. It finds that physical inactivity is rising among children and adults in the US, contributing to health issues. Research shows physical activity improves brain development, academic performance, and reduces health risks. The document provides physical activity guidelines for children, adolescents, and adults and lists resources for more information.
Changing misconceptions about physical education and wellness. This is a brief explanation on the importance of physical education. #PE # Healthier life choices #Active Learning
The document discusses periodization, which is a process that divides an annual training plan into smaller phases to achieve peak performance and maintain it while transitioning afterwards. It provides a step-by-step framework for planning that includes identifying goals, preparing resources, planning phases through needs analysis and goal setting, implementing the plan, monitoring results, and providing feedback to improve future plans. The framework aims to enhance performance while preventing overtraining through systematic recovery between training cycles.
This document defines physical fitness and its components. It discusses two main types of fitness: health-related fitness and skill-related fitness. Health-related fitness includes cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, body composition, and flexibility. Skill-related fitness includes agility, coordination, speed, power, and reaction time. Exercise is defined as planned physical activity to improve fitness, while physical activity is any bodily movement from muscle contraction. Several tools to monitor and assess physical activity and fitness are also outlined, including the PAR-Q+, IPAQ, and methods to monitor exercise intensity like the talk test and heart rate.
The document outlines the Physical Fitness Test protocol used in Philippine schools. It was developed to assess students' physical fitness levels based on health-related and skill-related components. The test consists of various stations that measure attributes like body composition, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, speed, power, agility, reaction time, coordination, and balance. Schools administer the test to students in grades 4-10 at the beginning and end of each school year to track fitness levels and inform physical activity planning.
Load and Adaptation
Objectives
Introduction
Load
Training Load
Types of Load
Features of Load
Principles of Load
Principles of Volume
Adaptation
Adaptation Process
Relationship between load and adaptation
Condition of Adaptation
Overload
Causes of overload
Symptoms of overload
Methods to tackle overload
Combined events are athletic competitions that test overall ability by requiring athletes to compete in multiple track and field events. The most common outdoor combined events are the men's decathlon and women's heptathlon. Indoor events have fewer events, like the men's heptathlon and women's pentathlon, due to facility limitations. The pentathlon includes five events - long jump, javelin, 200m, discus, and 1500m. The decathlon and heptathlon span two days and ten or seven events respectively, with points awarded based on performance tables.
Physical education and sports are important for health, fitness, and wellness. Regular physical activity can help prevent chronic diseases and promote a healthy lifestyle. However, physical education is often a neglected subject. The document outlines several facts about physical education and sports for all. It emphasizes that physical education should be a lifelong pursuit and stresses the importance of developing healthy behaviors from a young age. It also discusses the benefits of physical activity for children and adolescents. The overall goal is to promote physical education and sports for all levels of participation.
Adapted slides from my presentation with John Abreu as part of the Canadian Sport Institute Pacific's Speaker Series. This initiative intends to help athletes gain the tools, knowledge and skills needed to reach the next level of sport performance;
engage with other athletes, coaches and sport professionals in a multi-sport environment; and, gain access and know-how from world leading sport performance professionals and athletes who have reached the highest levels of sport.
This presentation introduced some of the foundational concepts of periodization to a live and online audience and was followed by an expert panel discussion.
The document discusses exercise physiology and how the body's systems respond to exercise. It describes exercise physiology as the study of how the human body functions during and after physical activity. Key body systems that are involved in exercise include the muscular, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. During exercise, the cardiovascular system works to deliver more oxygen to active muscles via increased heart rate and blood flow. The respiratory system increases breathing rate and volume to take in more oxygen. Regular exercise leads to long-term adaptations like increased heart and lung capacity and stronger, more efficient muscles.
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of a new drug on memory and cognitive function in older adults. The double-blind study involved 100 participants aged 65-80 who were given either the drug or a placebo daily for 6 months. Researchers found that those who received the drug performed significantly better on memory and problem-solving tests at the end of the study compared to those who received the placebo.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document discusses periodization in sports. It begins with the origins and history of periodization in ancient Greece and China. It then defines periodization as a method of cycling training characteristics like endurance and strength over various periods to build athlete abilities. The document outlines several periodization models including the classic, pendulum, structural, block, and Bompa models. It also discusses the principles of periodization including specificity, overload, progressivity, and others. Finally, it provides an example of how periodization may be applied to a jiu-jitsu training plan.
This document provides information on educational research. It begins with an introduction to research, noting that research purifies life and shows how to solve problems scientifically. It then lists the objectives of educational research as explaining concepts, describing scope, stating purposes, and differentiating between types of research. The document discusses sources of knowledge acquisition like learned authority and tradition. It states that educational research aims to develop effective methods for educators to achieve their goals. The document also outlines levels of education research, defines experimental and case study research, and discusses patents, including the criteria of patentability, tools for patent search, and the need for patents. It concludes by stating that research objectives should be clear, achievable questions or statements to answer the overall research problem
Mean and Methods to develop Co-ordinationMAHABOOBJAN A
This document discusses coordination and coordinative abilities in sports. It defines coordination as the ability to control and regulate movement through the central nervous system and sensory organs. It identifies seven specific coordinative abilities: orientation, coupling, differentiation, balance, rhythm, reaction, and adaptation. For each ability, it provides examples and explains how the ability depends on specific sensory functions. It concludes by outlining seven methods for improving coordinative abilities, such as performing varied physical exercises, correctly executing movements, and systematically increasing the difficulty of exercises.
This document discusses sport for all as both an educational and social phenomenon in the Balkans region. It outlines several goals of sport for all, including improving health, socialization, and developing skills. The document also notes that a lack of access to sport is associated with increased obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and health problems. Finally, it argues that sport for all can promote lifelong learning and an active lifestyle while also facilitating social involvement and leisure activities.
Food fuels and the three energy systemsChris Lehner
The document discusses the three energy systems - ATP-CP, anaerobic glycolysis, and aerobic - that provide energy for physical activity. It explains the characteristics of each system, including their rate of ATP production and the fuels used. The relative contribution of each system depends on the intensity, duration, and type of exercise. Carbohydrates are the preferred fuel for exercise as they can be broken down more quickly than fats to produce energy. The document also discusses the storage and utilization of different fuels and how dietary intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins affects energy production during exercise.
This document provides an overview of research methodologies in physical education. It discusses the meaning and characteristics of research, as well as the need and importance of research in physical education. It also covers different types of research including fundamental, applied, and action research. Additionally, it outlines the process of selecting a research problem, surveying related literature, and conducting historical, philosophical, and experimental research.
This document discusses test measurement and evaluation in physical education. It defines key terms like test, measurement, and evaluation. A test is a tool used to obtain responses to make judgements about characteristics like fitness and skills. Measurement involves collecting numeric performance data. Evaluation is the process of comparing data to criteria to make decisions. Tests should be reliable, valid, and objective. Measurements must be quantitative, precise, and reliable. Evaluation is a systematic, continuous process to identify program strengths and weaknesses. Evaluation is important for setting objectives, assessing student and teacher performance, and improving curriculum. It provides feedback to motivate learning and development.
This document summarizes physical activity guidelines and research on the importance of physical education. It finds that physical inactivity is rising among children and adults in the US, contributing to health issues. Research shows physical activity improves brain development, academic performance, and reduces health risks. The document provides physical activity guidelines for children, adolescents, and adults and lists resources for more information.
Changing misconceptions about physical education and wellness. This is a brief explanation on the importance of physical education. #PE # Healthier life choices #Active Learning
The document discusses periodization, which is a process that divides an annual training plan into smaller phases to achieve peak performance and maintain it while transitioning afterwards. It provides a step-by-step framework for planning that includes identifying goals, preparing resources, planning phases through needs analysis and goal setting, implementing the plan, monitoring results, and providing feedback to improve future plans. The framework aims to enhance performance while preventing overtraining through systematic recovery between training cycles.
This document defines physical fitness and its components. It discusses two main types of fitness: health-related fitness and skill-related fitness. Health-related fitness includes cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, body composition, and flexibility. Skill-related fitness includes agility, coordination, speed, power, and reaction time. Exercise is defined as planned physical activity to improve fitness, while physical activity is any bodily movement from muscle contraction. Several tools to monitor and assess physical activity and fitness are also outlined, including the PAR-Q+, IPAQ, and methods to monitor exercise intensity like the talk test and heart rate.
The document outlines the Physical Fitness Test protocol used in Philippine schools. It was developed to assess students' physical fitness levels based on health-related and skill-related components. The test consists of various stations that measure attributes like body composition, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, speed, power, agility, reaction time, coordination, and balance. Schools administer the test to students in grades 4-10 at the beginning and end of each school year to track fitness levels and inform physical activity planning.
Load and Adaptation
Objectives
Introduction
Load
Training Load
Types of Load
Features of Load
Principles of Load
Principles of Volume
Adaptation
Adaptation Process
Relationship between load and adaptation
Condition of Adaptation
Overload
Causes of overload
Symptoms of overload
Methods to tackle overload
Combined events are athletic competitions that test overall ability by requiring athletes to compete in multiple track and field events. The most common outdoor combined events are the men's decathlon and women's heptathlon. Indoor events have fewer events, like the men's heptathlon and women's pentathlon, due to facility limitations. The pentathlon includes five events - long jump, javelin, 200m, discus, and 1500m. The decathlon and heptathlon span two days and ten or seven events respectively, with points awarded based on performance tables.
Physical education and sports are important for health, fitness, and wellness. Regular physical activity can help prevent chronic diseases and promote a healthy lifestyle. However, physical education is often a neglected subject. The document outlines several facts about physical education and sports for all. It emphasizes that physical education should be a lifelong pursuit and stresses the importance of developing healthy behaviors from a young age. It also discusses the benefits of physical activity for children and adolescents. The overall goal is to promote physical education and sports for all levels of participation.
Adapted slides from my presentation with John Abreu as part of the Canadian Sport Institute Pacific's Speaker Series. This initiative intends to help athletes gain the tools, knowledge and skills needed to reach the next level of sport performance;
engage with other athletes, coaches and sport professionals in a multi-sport environment; and, gain access and know-how from world leading sport performance professionals and athletes who have reached the highest levels of sport.
This presentation introduced some of the foundational concepts of periodization to a live and online audience and was followed by an expert panel discussion.
The document discusses exercise physiology and how the body's systems respond to exercise. It describes exercise physiology as the study of how the human body functions during and after physical activity. Key body systems that are involved in exercise include the muscular, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. During exercise, the cardiovascular system works to deliver more oxygen to active muscles via increased heart rate and blood flow. The respiratory system increases breathing rate and volume to take in more oxygen. Regular exercise leads to long-term adaptations like increased heart and lung capacity and stronger, more efficient muscles.
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of a new drug on memory and cognitive function in older adults. The double-blind study involved 100 participants aged 65-80 who were given either the drug or a placebo daily for 6 months. Researchers found that those who received the drug performed significantly better on memory and problem-solving tests at the end of the study compared to those who received the placebo.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of a new drug on memory and cognitive function in older adults. The double-blind study involved 100 participants aged 65-80 who were given either the drug or a placebo daily for 6 months. Researchers found that those who received the drug performed significantly better on memory and problem-solving tests at the end of the study compared to those who received the placebo.
The document discusses strategies for healthy eating such as eating enough calories but not too many by maintaining balance between intake and expenditure, eating a variety of foods, keeping portions moderate, eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, drinking water, and limiting sugary, salty and refined foods. It also discusses easy exercises that can be done anywhere like massaging pressure points to improve circulation and lists aspects of good health like eating sensibly, getting exercise and rest, and managing stress. Finally, it defines physical fitness as the ability to perform daily activities without fatigue and having energy left over, noting a minimum level is needed and can be attained through activities like yoga, aerobics and sports.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
5 Ways to Spring Clean Your Credit ReportChena Tucker
Five ways to help you spring clean your credit report by scanning and assessing the things that are hurting your credit score and then create an action plan to turn it around.
El documento habla sobre qué es un blog, cómo crear uno y para qué sirve. Un blog es una página web donde se hacen publicaciones de forma periódica. Para crear un blog, se necesita una cuenta de Gmail e ingresar a Blogger.com para escribir la contraseña. Los blogs sirven para hacer publicaciones y compartir fotos, videos y más información, siendo una herramienta sencilla de marketing y para compartir contenido.
This document provides information on how small businesses can effectively use Pinterest and other social media platforms. It discusses what Pinterest is, who uses it, and how businesses can leverage it. The key points are that Pinterest allows users to create and share theme-based image collections, can drive traffic to websites and help with search engine optimization. The document recommends using Pinterest and linking it to other channels like Facebook and Twitter to build connections and exposure for a business.
Integrated Media 2 - Online Personality mirmiraziz
The document discusses the author Amirah Aziz's online personality and social media presence. It outlines the social networks she uses, including Twitter, her blog, and Instagram. Her blog serves as a hub that shares both personal and professional content, showing what she likes and aspires to do. She uses Twitter as her main platform for attracting industry names and fashion bloggers, while Instagram allows her to upload more personal content. Overall, the document examines how the author crafts and presents her online identity across different social media networks.
This newsletter provides information about upcoming dates, homework expectations, and classroom lessons for the 4th grade class. Key dates include no school on October 5th, early dismissal on October 17th, and parent conferences on October 19th. Students have begun writing personal narratives in literacy and are learning about data analysis and probability in their math unit. In science, students are exploring earth materials like rocks and minerals. The social studies unit covers the five themes of geography. Parent-teacher conferences will discuss literacy and math test scores.
This document appears to be a table containing numerical data across 7 rows and 7 columns. Each cell contains a number with up to two decimal places. The numbers seem to follow a general increasing trend moving from left to right across each row and from top to bottom down each column.
This document provides an overview of REST and best practices for REST API design. It discusses the core principles of REST, Richardson Maturity Model for REST API design, and examples demonstrating the different levels. It also covers Java support for REST APIs using JAX-RS and Spring frameworks. The document recommends practices like using plural nouns for resources and HTTP status codes for errors. It provides contact information for the author, Gábor Török, an experienced Solutions Architect.
This document discusses various marketing strategies and tactics for small businesses, including internet marketing, email marketing, social media, video marketing, mobile marketing, website development, search engine optimization, blogging, group advertising, direct mail, press releases, workshops, targeting niche markets, and creating a marketing plan. It emphasizes that marketing is about promotion of a business, its goods, services, and expertise.
El documento habla sobre qué es un blog, cómo crear uno y para qué sirve. Un blog es una página web donde se hacen publicaciones de forma periódica, se puede crear uno con una cuenta de Gmail en blogger.com y escribiendo una contraseña, y sirve para hacer publicaciones, compartir fotos, videos y más información, actuando como una herramienta de marketing y espacio de compartir.
Pinterest Presentation for Small BusinessesChena Tucker
The document discusses the benefits of using Pinterest for small businesses, noting that Pinterest can drive serious traffic and be a powerful online marketing tool. It provides details on how Pinterest works, who uses it, and how businesses can create customized pinboards and engage with followers to build their brand and drive traffic to their website. The document also recommends developing a social media strategy that incorporates different platforms like Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter to engage customers and promote business.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las transacciones con bancos rusos clave y la prohibición de la venta de aviones y equipos a Rusia. Los líderes de la UE esperan que las sanciones aumenten la presión económica sobre Rusia y la disuadan de continuar su agresión contra Ucrania.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.