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Welcome to Energy and the Environment PHYSC 110
Energy and the Environment ,[object Object],[object Object]
Energy and the Environment ,[object Object],[object Object]
Energy and the Environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy and the Environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
U.S. Energy Consumption ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
U.S. Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2008 (Quadrillion Btu)
What is Energy Consumption? When an energy source is consumed it is not “used up”, rather it is converted to a more useful form.  Remember:  Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Chemical Energy (Oil) Thermal Energy (Boiler) Mechanical Energy (Turbine) Electrical Energy (Generator)
Types of Energy Sources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
U.S. Renewable Energy Consumption, 2008
Fossil Fuels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fossil Fuels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
History of U.S. Energy Consumption Phase  3 Population Phase 1 Phase 2
Phase 1:  The Biomass Age ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Phase 2:  The Coal Age ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Phase 3:  The Petroleum Age ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy and The United States ,[object Object],[object Object]
Energy and The United States ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
U.S. Energy Consumption Overview In 1950, the United States became reliant on other countries for petroleum. We lost our energy independence.
U.S. Energy Production ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
U.S. Crude Oil Imports   Top 10 Countries, May 2009 (Thousand Barrels per Day) * Member of OPEC  (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) Our addiction to oil supports these countries financial even though many are not considered our “friends” CANADA 1,746  VENEZUELA * 1,228  MEXICO 1,088  SAUDI ARABIA * 996  NIGERIA * 552  ANGOLA  * 493  RUSSIA 416  BRAZIL 380  IRAQ * 254  COLOMBIA  227
 
Based on my experiences as a petroleum geologist and environmental scientist, I strongly feel that our fossil fuel dependant society is fast approaching a two-fold storm. ,[object Object],[object Object],Fossil Fuel based  Society The waters are starting to get choppy
What is “Peak Oil”? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Does Hubbert’s Model Work? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig. 1-12, p. 19 Actual Production Hubbert’s Prediction U.S. Oil Peak, 1971
We’re Not “Running Out of Oil” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
When WORLD Oil Will Peak? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Consequences of Peak Oil How will oil depletion impact our lives in the years ahead? Our modern lifestyle may may be a thing of the past!! Big deal. If gas prices get high, I’ll just  drive less. Why should I give a damn?
Transportation Runs on Fossil Fuels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Agriculture Runs on Fossil Fuels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mass Consumption Runs on  Fossil Fuels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
So, What Happens After We Peak? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Global Climate Change ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is the greenhouse effect, and is it affecting our climate? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is the greenhouse effect, and is it affecting our climate? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Concentration of CO 2  in Earth’s Atmosphere ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Concentration of CO 2  in Earth’s Atmosphere, 1744–2008
Average Global Temperature at Earth’s Surface, 1880–2008 ,[object Object],[object Object]
What’s a Degree or So? “ The typical temperature difference for the whole world between an ice age and an interglacial interval is only 3 o  to 6 o  C.  This should set the alarm bells ringing: A temperature change of only a few degrees can be serious business.” Carl Sagan, Billions & Billions , 1997.
Possible Consequences of a “Degree or So” ,[object Object],[object Object]
Possible Consequences of a “Degree or So” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Projected climate change for Illinois ,[object Object],[object Object]
“ We are leaving an era in which whatever effects we are having on the environment were perceived to be manageable and reversible (air pollution, smog, acid rain) and entering an era in which our effects on the climate and earth’s natural system are becoming potentially unmanageable and irreversible”. Much more on climate change later in the semester

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PHYSC 110 Introduction

  • 1. Welcome to Energy and the Environment PHYSC 110
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. U.S. Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector, 2008 (Quadrillion Btu)
  • 8. What is Energy Consumption? When an energy source is consumed it is not “used up”, rather it is converted to a more useful form. Remember: Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Chemical Energy (Oil) Thermal Energy (Boiler) Mechanical Energy (Turbine) Electrical Energy (Generator)
  • 9.
  • 10. U.S. Renewable Energy Consumption, 2008
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. History of U.S. Energy Consumption Phase 3 Population Phase 1 Phase 2
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. U.S. Energy Consumption Overview In 1950, the United States became reliant on other countries for petroleum. We lost our energy independence.
  • 20.
  • 21. U.S. Crude Oil Imports Top 10 Countries, May 2009 (Thousand Barrels per Day) * Member of OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) Our addiction to oil supports these countries financial even though many are not considered our “friends” CANADA 1,746 VENEZUELA * 1,228 MEXICO 1,088 SAUDI ARABIA * 996 NIGERIA * 552 ANGOLA * 493 RUSSIA 416 BRAZIL 380 IRAQ * 254 COLOMBIA 227
  • 22.  
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. Fig. 1-12, p. 19 Actual Production Hubbert’s Prediction U.S. Oil Peak, 1971
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29. The Consequences of Peak Oil How will oil depletion impact our lives in the years ahead? Our modern lifestyle may may be a thing of the past!! Big deal. If gas prices get high, I’ll just  drive less. Why should I give a damn?
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38. Concentration of CO 2 in Earth’s Atmosphere, 1744–2008
  • 39.
  • 40. What’s a Degree or So? “ The typical temperature difference for the whole world between an ice age and an interglacial interval is only 3 o to 6 o C. This should set the alarm bells ringing: A temperature change of only a few degrees can be serious business.” Carl Sagan, Billions & Billions , 1997.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44. “ We are leaving an era in which whatever effects we are having on the environment were perceived to be manageable and reversible (air pollution, smog, acid rain) and entering an era in which our effects on the climate and earth’s natural system are becoming potentially unmanageable and irreversible”. Much more on climate change later in the semester

Editor's Notes

  1. Figure 1.12: United States oil production. Comparison of estimated (Hubbert) production curve (dashed line) and actual production (solid line).