The document discusses the objectives of environmental management which are to understand the impacts of modern society on the environment and ways to reduce environmental footprint. It defines environmental management as managing the interaction between social, economic and biological environments. The need to study it is because the planet's resources are limited and the environment is deteriorating rapidly from human activities. It then discusses several issues related to the convergence of global warming, overpopulation and globalization including rising energy demand, emergence of petro-dictatorships, effects of climate change, energy poverty and biodiversity loss.

1. Environmental Management
Introduction
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2. Objective of this course...
 To understand the effects of the impacts of the
modern human society upon the environment we
live in
 Issues that effect the managers involving
 Networking or Politics
 Business itself, the projects, or the programs
 Resources like natural resources, facilities, money
etc
 To explore ways to reduce our environmental
footprint in day to day activities

3. What is Environmental Management
 It is the management of
 All the components of biological, physical and
chemical in both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-
living)
 The interaction of social, cultural, and economic
environment with the bio-physical environment.

4. Why do we need to study this
course?
 We have just one planet which can sustain life and
not 9
 The resources are limited
 Space on earth
 Non-renewable energy
 Natural resources
 The environment is depreciating in life sustaining
capabilities at an ever increasing pace.
 At this rate, the day is not far when we reach a point
of no return and face the wrath of global climatic
change
 We need to understand our responsibility towards the
environment and adopt an environment friendly
system of working

5. Hot, Flat and Crowded

6. Crowded
 World population in
 Year 1800 – 1 billion
 Year 1922 – 2 billion
 Year 2000 – 6 billion
 Year 2050 – 9 billion (estimated)
 The population has & will increase due to
 Health care
 Disease Eradication
 Economic development
 World population today is around 6.7 billion and will
increase by 2.5 billion in 43 years – UN Population
report dated 13 May 2007

7. Crowded
 The maximum growth will happen in the lesser
developed countries as their economies grow from
5.4 billion in 2007 to 7.9 billion in 2050
 Developed countries population will remain more or
less stable and shall hover around 1.2 billion
 Some facts
 Year 1800 – London was the largest city with pop. 1
million
 Year 1900 – 111 cities with pop. 1 million
 Year 1995 – 300 cities with pop. 1 million
 5 cities with pop. over 10 million in 1975
 14 cities with pop. over 10 million in 1995
 26 cities with pop. over 10 million in 2015 (estimated) –
UN pop. Fund statistics
 Mumbai has a pop. of over 19 million

8. What are the effects of Crowding
 Loss of arable land
 Over fishing
 Water shortage
 Air & water pollution
 Stress on cities infrastructure
 Per capita decrease in facilities like health care
 By 2030 number of cities dwellers expected to rise to
5 billion – Associated Press 27/06/2007
 These increases will happen more in smaller cities
than in the larger ones around 45% growth in pop.
 Terrorism will no longer be a problem, demographics
will

9. Population Growth

11. A Beach in China

12. Aamchi Mumbai...

13. Flat
 Personal computer invented in around 1975.
 By 1977 PC were being mass produced
 PC enabled users to become authors of their own
content
 Then came the Internet, WWW & Web browser
 Software and transmission protocols started
flattening the world by enabling outsourcing
 Geopolitical flatteners are the fall of Berlin Wall on
Oct 03, 1990 & collapse of communist Soviet
Union
 These factors made the world seamless making
the world entirely flat.

14. Flat
 200 million people improved their economic
conditions in 1980’s and 1990’s in China and
India, raising them from poverty
 10 of millions added to the middle class
 This created more demand for products like cell
phones, computers, gas stoves, refrigerators etc
 These products created demand for raw materials
and led to increase of green houses gases (GHG)
either during production, usage or upon
discarding

17. Light Bulb Example
 In the next 12 years we shall have another 1
billion people
 Now, if we give each of these people a 60 W
incandescent light bulb
 The weight of individual light bulb is
negligible, but 1 billion light bulbs will weigh
around 20000 metric tonnes
 If we were to turn these light bulbs ON, all at one
time for 4 hours a day, we would need 10000 MW
of electricity which would need 20, 500 MW
power plants. If these power plants are coal
fired, imagine the amount of GHG emitted

18. Hot
 The global average temperatures have increased
by 0.8C vis-à-vis 1750s
 It all started with the industrial revolution in late
1700s when we went from manual or horse
power to machine power, from agricultural to
manufacturing societies
 Industrial revolution was the revolution of energy
 Steam engine –converted the chemical energy of
coal/wood to mechanical energy of industrial
machinery
 Eventually coal was started being preferred for
wood as it generated twice as much energy as
the same weight of food.
 This slowed down deforestation

19. Earth has a fever and needs
help!

20. Hot
 Coal was used for
 Industrial process
 Metallurgy
 Heating building
 Power steam engines
 Crude oil was commercially exploited in 1800s where
is first replaced whale oil used for lighting lamps and
then for heating, manufacturing and fuel for engines.
 In short, man needed these sources of energy for
 Light
 Heat
 Motive power, or
 Electricity

22. The Industrial Revolution

23. Transportation Revolution
 Early 20th century saw a “Transportation
Revolution” - from the internal combustion
engine
 The first gasoline powered automobile was made
in 1885
 First mass produced automobile was the Old’s
Mobile in 1902 by Ransom E. Olds.
 It was Henry Ford in 1896 who started working on
an assembly line.
 The Ford’s T-Mobile which first rolled out in 1908
and by 1927 when it stopped production 18
millions cars had rolled out of the assembly line

24. Hot
 These cars, produced a lot of CO2 and required a
lot of crude, iron steel & rubber which further
emitted more GHG during their production.
 This triggered industrialisation and which resulted
in urbanisation and suburbanisation
 We had now been sucked into a vicious cycle of
energy dependency which produced lot of
emissions and caused a lot of harm to the
environment
 “We build an inefficient system with great
efficiency”
 Soon the entire world copied America and Europe
and followed the path of self destruction

25. Fuels
 Fuels from Hell
 Coal
 Oil
 Natural gas
 Fuels from Heaven
 Wind
 Hydro
 Solar
 Tidal
 Biomass

26. The Green House Effect

27. The Green House Effect
 Without GHG the earth’s average temperature is
estimated to be 15C cooler. A 5-6 C drop in
temperature brings in an Ice-age
 Composition of Earth’s atmosphere has remained
more or less constant for over 20 million years
 But in the last 100-200 years, things have changed
 Concentration of CO2 for 10000 years have been 280
ppm as evident from polar ice core samples
 Since, 1950’s this has increased
 2007 CO2 concentration was 384ppm and climbing 2
ppm per year
 Average global temperatures have increased 0.8 C

28. Concentration of GHGs

29. Green House Gases

30. Green House Gases
 Global green house gases emissions due to
human activities have grown since pre-industrial
time, with an increase of 70% between 1970 &
2004

31. CO2 & CH4
 CO2 sources
 Fossil fuels, deforestation, forest fires, agriculture,
large scale cattle grazing
 CH4 sources
 Solid waste land fills, animal defecation, coal
minng, rice farming, cattle belching
 CH4 is 21 times more potent in trapping heat than
CO2

35. When Hot meets Flat and Crowded
Convergence of Global Warming, Over
population and Global Flattening

36. s

37. Convergence of Hot, Flat and
Crowded
 Energy demand and supply
 Petro-dictatorship
 Climate change
 Energy poverty
 Biodiversity loss

38. Energy Demand and Supply
 Fuels from Hell are expensive, dirty, and not really
abundant
 The demand for fossil fuels grew by 5% per year
between 1951-1970 in the developed nations
 Developing nations, the demand is growing almost
close to their rate of economic growth
 Global consumption of energy will double between
now and 2050
 In 2004 – the first demand let energy shortage
occurred, causing price hikes
 Price increase in 1973, 1980 & 1990 were mainly due
to the wars and revolution in the east
 But by 2004, with countries like China & India
creating surplus demands for oil, ahead of
supply, pushed demand to 3 million barrels per day
from the estimated 1.5 million barrels per day

39. Petro-Dictatorship

40. Petro-dictatorship
 “As price of oil goes up, pace of freedom goes
down”
 Hence, you will observe cash rich/oil rich
countries mostly have dictators ruling
 In 2006, Russian President (now Prime Minister)
Vladimir Putin, turned off gas supply to
Ukraine, because the newly elected Ukrainian
President was pro-western
 Petro-dictatorship is best seen in the Middle-
East, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela

41. Climate Change
 Anthropogenic GHG like CO2 are long lived and
stay in the atmosphere for over 1000 years
 Average global temperatures have risen by 0.8C
than in 1750s
 11 of the last 12 warmest years (1995-2006)
since 1850s
 A 2C rise in temperature may kill 10 million
people
 5C rise in temperature may kill 100 million people
 Frequent hurricanes in the US like Katrina, floods
in Bihar, droughts in sub-Saharan Africa are few
examples

43. Energy Poverty
 The lack of the access to the basic energy, like
electricity, requirements in certain parts of the
world especially in the less developed nations
 Between 2003 and 2007 South Africa’s grid
started to deteriorate and the early 2007 saw
frequent blackouts
 SA imported 44590 generators in 2007 vis-`a-vis
790 in 2003
 Businesses suffered
 Energy poverty is one of the main factors of over-
crowding of urban areas in LDCs

44. Global Energy Poverty

45. Global Energy Poverty

48. Biodiversity Loss
 Disrupting ecosystems
 Half of the world’s tropical & temperate forests are
gone
 Rate of deforestation is about an acre/second in
tropics
 Half of wetlands are gone
 1/3rd of Mangroves are gone
 90% of predator fish are gone
 20% of coral are gone & 20% are threatened
 Species are disappearing 1000 times faster than
before
 In 2006, we lost a close relative, the Yangtze River
freshwater dolphin
 It is not the loss of a species but the loss of a genus

49. “We are running an uncontrolled
experiment on the only home we
have”
All these problems were increasing till we reached a
tipping point after the year 2000

50. Thank You
nareshsukhani@gmail.com

51. The Kyoto Protocol
 International agreement linked to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change
 Binding targets for 37 industrialised nations and
EU for reducing GHGs
 Protocol has 3 mechanisms
 Emissions trading
 Clean development mechanism
 Joint Implementation