This document covers several topics related to phonology and language functions:
Phonology is the study of sounds. Phonemes are the smallest units of sound that distinguish words. Words and sentences have stress patterns. Intonation involves varying pitch to convey meaning.
Language has different functions like greeting, clarifying, and context. The level of formality used depends on the situation. Appropriateness is key. Coursebooks in the 1980s focused on language functions based on the Functional Approach to emphasize communication.
Communication skills involve listening, speaking, observing and empathizing. It is also helpful to understand the differences in how to communicate through face-to-face interactions, phone conversations and digital communications, like email and social media.
The listening skill
DEFINITION AND EXAMPLES
Why we listen?
The skill of listening
Sounds , Vowels and Consonants
Word stress?
Sentence stress?
Intonation?
Some exercises for the development of listening skill
Graded practice exercises
Types of classroom listening performance
Some principles of teaching listening comprehension
Graphical Description
Conclusion
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
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He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
3. • Phonemes : The smallest unit of a sound
• Words stress : Word stress is the emphasis we place in a specific syllable of
a word when pronouncing it. In English words that have more than one
syllable
• Sentences stress :Normally this emphasis is on words that carry important
information
• Intonation : Intonation is primarily a matter of variation in the pitch level of
the voice
4. SENTENCE STRESS
-Sentence has primary and main stress.
- Other words can have secondary stress.
- Stress on an unexpected word in a sentence is called contrastive stress.
5. • Phonemes : It helps distinguish between words such as so and show
• Cantonese : In cantonese these sounds are not two separate phonemes
10. The language we use to express a funtion es called
an exponent.
Ex: “Hello. My name is Andres .”
11. Levels of
formality
Formal
Language is used in more official and important situations.
Informal
Language often occurs in relaxed situations.
Colloquial
Very casual and conversational.
Neutral
We use when we want to show neither great respect nor too much
casual
13. Key concepts
-Coursebooks in the 1980s and 1990s were often organised
around functions. These books were based on the
Functional Approach.
-A focus on functions in the classroomcan lead to an
emphasis on communication and learning language in
crunks.
