This document provides an overview of Philippine geography and history. It begins with key facts about Philippine geography, including its total land area, number of islands, capital, island groups, and notable geographic features. It then discusses pre-Hispanic settlements in the Philippines and the establishment of barangays. The document outlines the expeditions of Magellan and other European explorers. It summarizes Spain's 333 year colonization of the Philippines and details various revolts. It also covers the Propaganda Movement, establishment of the Katipunan revolutionary group, and presidency of Emilio Aguinaldo. The document concludes with information about the U.S. occupation and establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth.

1. PHILIPPINE
GEOGRAPHY
AND
HISTORY

2. Total Land Area – 300,780 sq.km
Islands – 7,641 (2,773- named, 1,190-
inhabited)
Capital – Manila
Island Groups – Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao
Largest Islands- Luzon, Mindanao, Samar,
Negros, Palawan
Northern Island – Y’ami
Southern Island – Saluag
GEOGRAPHY

3. Philippine Deep- North of Mindanao, World’s deepest
sea
Highest Mountain- Mt. Apo
Longest River- Cagayan River
Largest Lake- Laguna de Bay
Smallest Volcano- Taal Volcano/ World’s smallest
volcano
Central Plain- Rice Granary of the Philippines (tarlac,
Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Viscaya)
San Juanico Straight- World’s narrowest Sraight
GEOGRAPHY

4. PRE-HISPANIC
SETTLEMENTS

5. The waves of migration
theory

6. The first Settlers of the
Philippines
1. AETAS/NEGRITOS
- the first settlers who
arrived in the country
according to H. Otley Beyer
between 12,000 to 15,000
years ago.

7. The first Settlers of the
Philippines
2. Indones
- second aborigines/inhabitant
- They were tall, white and straight hair groups and with
little technical know-how – build bancas, built houses from
light materials. There were two waves – First, wave were
called Indonese A from a Mongolian who came around
3000 BC while Indonese B arrived around 1000 BC

8. The first Settlers of the
Philippines
3. Malays
Most advance civilization
among the three. They
came around 200 BC from
Borneo through their water
transportation called
balangay.

9. The BARANGAY

10. The Barangay as Seacraft
BALANGAY- Seacraft
headed by a Datu that
sailed from Borneo
which became the
etymology of the word
BARANGAY.

11. ANCIENT BARANGAY
SOCIETY

12. Datu, Freemen and Slave
There were three social positions in each
community:
✣Datu- Chieftain
✣Maharlika- Nobles
✣Timawa- Freemen
✣Uripun- slave
✣Aliping Saguiguilid
✣Aliping namamahay

13. IMPERIAL
SPAIN

14. SPAIN EXPEDITION TO
THE PHILIPPINES

15. FERDINAND
MAGELLAN
✣Born in 1480 at Sabrosa,
Portugal, to a family of minor
Portuguese nobility
✣Planned to discover the east
trough the westward route.
✣Opened the idea to King Manuel
of Portugal but was not granted.

16. FERDINAND
MAGELLAN
✣Asked King Charles of Spain
and was granted support.
✣Started voyage on September
20, 1517 with 5 ships and 265
men. (250) in other sources.

17. 5 SHIPS OF MAGELLAN
1. Trinidad - lead ship
accompanied by four other ships:
2. the San Antonio,
3. the Victoria,
4. the Conception, and
5. the Santiago

18. “They introduced themselves, and they
gave us the name of the other islands that
could be seen from where we were. Their
own island, which was not that big was
called Zuluan”
- Antonio Pigafetta
Recorder of the events of the expedition

19. Enrique
✣A malay slave believe
to be a native of Spice
Islands that served as a
translator and guide for
the expedition

20. March 16, 1521, Saw
Samar
✣European Discovery of
the International Date
Line

21. TRANSIT IN THE PHILIPPINES
✣March 17, 1521- Homonhon, Leyte
✣March 31, 1521- Limasawa (Rajah Kulambo)
Blood compact and First Mass “Fr. Pedro Valderama”
named the Philippines “Archipelago De San Lazaro
April 7, 1521- Cebu (Rajah Humabon)
April 14, Blood Compact and Magellan’s cross was erected
- Wife of Humabon was named Juana and was given a Santo
Nino

22. ✣On April 28, 1521,
Magellan was killed in the
battle of Mactan against
Lapu Lapu- First Filipino
Hero

24. The Victoria
The last remaining shift
of Magellan expedition
to return in Spain at
San Lucar (September
6, 1522) and Seville on
September 22, 1522.

25. The Victoria
From the original crew
of 250 only 18 survived
and return to Spain
under the leadership of
Sebastian Elcano.

26. Magellan
Expedition
Is considered as one of the
most important voyages in
all of history. The
expedition proved that the
world was indeed round
and that there were other
places in the east to
explore and conquer.

27. OTHER
EXPEDITIONS

28. OTHER EXPIDITIONS
✣LO-aisa
✣CA-bot
✣SA-avedra
✣VIL-lalobos
✣Le-gazpi

29. LEGAZPI’S TRANSIT
✣Bohol- Blood compact with Sikatuna
✣Cebu- Defeated Tupas and stablished
San Miguel
✣Manila- Defeated Soliman, Last Rajah
of Manila

30. PHILIPPINES UNDER SPAIN
✣Colonized for 333 years
(1565-1898)
✣Governor-General-
Representative of the King
✣Miguel Lopez De Legazpi-
Fisrt Gov. gen
✣Diego De Los Rios- last
Gov. Gen.

31. PHILIPPINES UNDER SPAIN
✣ROYAL AUDENCIA- Supreme Court
✣Ayuntamiento- Cities
✣Alcaldia- Peaceful Provinces headed by
Alcalde Mayor
✣Corregimiento- Corregidores
✣Pueblo- Town headed by Goberbadorcillo
✣Baranggay- Headed by Cabeza de
Barangay

32. PHILIPPINES UNDER SPAIN
✣Bandala- Force buying of Filipino Product
✣Monopolio- Only Spaniards sold certain products
✣Polo Y Servicio- Forced labor for 40 days a year for men
aged 16-60
✣Falla- Payment to be excemted from Polo
✣Tributo- Tax
✣Bolito- Ticket to Galleon trade- Exchange of product from
Manila to Acapulco, Mexico
✣Reduccion- resettlement of Filipinos to town centers
“cabeceras”

33. PHILIPPINES UNDER SPAIN
✣OBRAS PIAS- Interest from loans that are given to
charitable institutions
✣Banco-Espanol- Filipino 1861 (Bank of the Philippine
islands- BPI) Oldest bank in the Philippines

34. PHILIPPINES UNDER SPAIN
✣SOCIAL CLASS:
✣PENINSULARES- Pure Spanish born in Spain
✣INSULARES- Pure Spanish born in the Philippines
✣CREOLE- Half Spanish, half Indio or Chinese
✣PRINCIPALIA- Rich Filipino’s
✣INDIO- Pure Filipino

35. PHILIPPINES UNDER SPAIN
✣New Calendar- Gov. Gen. Narciso Claveria
✣Use of Surnames- Gov. Gen. Narciso Claveria
✣Executed Rizal- Gov. Gen. Polavieja
✣The Liberal Gov. Gen. – Carlos Ma. De La Torre
✣Tobacco Monopoly- Gov. Gen. Jose Basco
✣Banished Rizal- Eulogio Despujol

36. FILIPINO REVOLTS UNDER SPAIN
REVOLT LEADER CAUSE ACHIEVEMENT
Dagohoy (Bohol) Francisco
Dagohoy
Refusal of Friars
to give his brother
a Catholic burial
Longest Revolt. 85
years
Silang Revolt
(Ilocos)
Diego Silang and
Gabriela Silang
Freedom from
Spain
Gabriela was
named Joan of
Arc of Ilocos
Sumuroy (Samar) Sumuroy Polo Y Servicio Spread from
Visayas to Luzon
(Albay and
Camarines) and
Mindanao
(Zmboanga)

37. FILIPINO REVOLTS UNDER SPAIN
REVOLT LEADER CAUSE ACHIEVEMENT
Basi (Ilocos) Drunkard Ilocanos Monopolio (The
Spaniards did not
allow the Ilocanos
to ferment and
drink Basi- their
native wine
First Unusual
revolution
Hermano Pule Hermano Pule Religious
Freedom
First Filipino
Religion
(Confradias De
San Jose)

38. PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
A Peaceful movement of young Filipino Ilustrados
(Educated) to crusade for reforms in the Philippines.
AIM: ASSIMILATION
1. Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the laws
2. Restoration of the Philippine representation in the
Spanish Cortes
3. Secularization of Philippine parishes and the expulsion
of friars (Padre Pedro Pelaez)
4. Human rights for Filipinos and freedom to meet and
petition to redress their grievances

39. PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
La Solidaridad- Newspaper
of the Propaganda
Founded by Graciano
Lopez Jaena (First Editor)
Marcelo H. Del Pilar-
Second and Greatest Editor
Dr. Jose P. Rizal- Greatest
Writer

40. PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
NAME PROFESSION PEN NAME
Dr. Jose Rizal Physician Dimasalang, Laong Laan
Marcelo Del Pilar Lawyer Plaridel, Dolores manapat
Graciano Lopez Jaena Journalist Diego laura
Mariano Ponce Physician Tikbalang, naning,
kalipulako
Antonio Luna Pharmacist Taga-ilog
Jose Maria Panganiban Linguist JoMaPa
Emilio Jacinto Writer Dimasilaw, Pingkian

41. PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
NAME PROFESSION PEN NAME
Andres Bonifacio Supremo Agapito bagumbayan,
Maypagasa
Pio Valenzuela Writer Madlang Awa
Apolinario Mabini Presidential Adviser Bini, Paralitico
Juan Luna Painter Buan
Emilio Aguinaldo President Magdalo

42. THE KATIPUNAN
Kataas Taasang Kagalang-galangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
AIM: INDEPENDENCE
Andres Bonifacio-First supremo
Teodoro Patiňo- Told about the katipunan
to his sister Honoria who confessed to the
priest Padre Mariano Gil (August 19,1896)

43. EMILIO Aguinaldo- First President
FACTIONS: Magdiwang, Magdalo
Tejeros Assembly- Aguinaldo was proclaimed President
Daniel Tirona- Protested Bonifacio’s position as Interior
Secretary
Bonifacio and Procopio was sentenced to death at
Maragondon, Cavite
December 15, 1897- Pact of Biak na Bato
December 30, 1897- Aguinaldo was exiled to Hong-Kong
P 1.7 million payment but only P 600,000 was paid

44. COMING OF AMERICA and
RETURN OF AGUINALDO
Spanish-American War
The U.S.S. Maine- Destroyed in Havanna, Cuba
George Dewey captured Manila from Spain
Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines
June 12, 1898- Phil Independence was proclaimed at
Kawit, Cavite
Marcha national Filipina- Julian Filepe
Philippine Flag- Marcela Agoncillo
December 10, 1898- Treaty of Paris
Spain ceded the Philippines to US at 20 million dollars

45. US-PHILIPPINE WAR
The San Juan Bridge Incident
Antonio Luna was killed and Gregorio Del Pilar perished in
the Tirad Pass
Aguinaldo was captured and took the oath of allegiance
General Miguel Malvar surrendered
General Simeon Ola of Albay surrendered. The last
Filipino General to surrender

46. THE COMMONWEALTH
Philippine Bill of 1902- Created the Philippine Assembly
Sergio Osmena as Speaker and Manuel Quezon as majority
Floor leader
Jones Law- Philippine Autonomy Act (Under Gov. Gen.)
Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law- First law for Philippine Independence
(Rejected by Quezon)
Tydings-McDuffie Law- Created the Commonwealth- Transition
to independence for ten years

47. THE second world war
1941-1945
Worst war in the world
Allied Forces- US, Britain`, France and Russia)
Axis- Germany, Italy and Japan
December 8, 1941- Attack on Pearl Harbor
USAFFE- United States Armed Forces in The far East
(Commander, General Douglas MacArthur)
OPEN CITY- Manila is ready for occupation
Fall of Bataan- Resulted to the Death march of 62,000
Filipino and 11,000 American Troops from Mariveles,
Bataan to Capas, Tarlac

48. END OF second world war
HUKBALAHAP (Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon)-
Communist organization founded by Luis Taruc
Kempeitai- Japanese Police
Liberation of Leyte (Palo, Leyte) “I have returned!”
August 6, 1945- Hiroshima Bombing
August 9, 1945- Nagasaki Bombing
February 22, 1945- Osmena was sworn as President of
the Second Commonwealth

49. THIRD REPUBLIC
Treaty of Manila- Treaty of General relations
July 4, 1946- Philippines was formally given independence
Payne Aldrich Act- Partial Free trade
Parity Agreement- Providing Filipino’s and americans
equal rights to Philippine’s natural resources
Underwood-Simons Act- Full free trade
Bell Trade Act- Law for economic relations

50. ✣AG MAG AQUI
✣QUE GAR RA
✣LA MA ES
✣OS MAR AR
✣RO AQUI
✣QUI DU30