The document provides descriptions of various mythological creatures from around the world. It discusses creatures from Philippine folklore like the tiyanak, aswang, and engkanto. It also covers common mythical beings found in Western folklore such as fairies, elves, dwarves, gnomes, leprechauns, goblins, mermaids, vampires, unicorns, phoenixes, dragons, chupacabras, werewolves, yetis, trolls, sandmen, and zombies. For each creature, it gives a brief overview of its origins and characteristics according to folklore traditions. The document serves as an informative reference on a wide variety of mythical beings from different cultures

1. Who am I?

2. Tiyanak

3. Chupacubra

4. Kapre

5. Aswang

6. Leprechaun

7. Yeti

8. Werewolf

9. Phoenix

10. Fairy

11. Nuno sa
Punso

12. Mythological
Creatures
in the
Philippines
Jessa P. Caligagan

13. “
Becomes attracted to a human
and gives him/her gifts such as
fruits and even accessories made
of gold
Nasty duwende could be turned
to stone by a very skilled
herbolario
They multiply by creating
another duwende from soil
Dwende

14. “
Considered by the ancient folks
as the true owner of the land
More forgiving and only inflicts
harm when push comes to shove
Most of his kind are fond of
children and women and they
sometimes leave gifts to those
whom they favor
Nuno sa
Punso

15. “
Attracts people with its infant-
like wails
Some prefer women, especially
those who breastfeed
Mauls the victim until he is dead
Tiyanak

16. ❧ Tiyanak – Bicolano, Ilocano and Tagalog
❧ Patianak/Tumanod – ancient
Mandaya and Tagalog
❧ Muntianak – Bagobo people
❧ Mantianak – Tagakalao people in Davao
16

17. “
Nature spirits revered by the
ancients as gods and guardians
of nature
Help deserving mortals who are
in need
People who exploit the places
under their care are severely
punished, often turned into
rocks, trees, or animals
Diwata

18. “
Luring the humans into their
hidden abode
Entice human visitors to stay with
them forever
Some only want to be in the
company of those they like
Give human friends gifts without
any negative consequences
Engkanto/
Engkantada

19. “
Cause the eclipse by swallowing
either the sun or the moon
Swallowed the six moon one by
one
Bakunawa
(VisayanIslands)

20. “
Trying to eat the sun or the
moon
Responsible for the eclipses
Derived from the Indonesian
arimao meaning, “tiger”
Arimaonga
(Maranao)

21. “
Swallowing either the sun or the
moon
Kedu is derived from the Sanskrit
Ketu
Kedu
(Maguindanao)

22. “
Always tried to swallow the
moon
Responsible for the lunar eclipse
Its abode is somewhere outside
the eastern sky (probably space)
Minokawa
(Bagobo)

23. “
Some can’t talk and only make
sounds similar to those of whales
or dolphins
Some are capable of having an
offspring with humans
Luring people to the sea with
their sweet voices and singing
Sirena

24. “
Some take on a human form
Guardians of rivers, springs, lakes
and hidden treasure
Drown evil persons and feast on
the victims’ flesh
They bring rain to make lands
fertile but can also bring disasters
such as storms, floods, and
drought when offended.
Magindara
(Bicol)

25. “
Some impregnates women
Some possess superhuman
strength but loses strength
outside its habitat
Responsible for the death of
those who swim in bodies of
water for supposedly venturing
near their territory
Ukoy/
Siyokoy

26. “
Possess incredible strength,
agility and invisibility
Arrogant and playful
Making one lose his way
Whoever succeeds in plucking a
tikbalang’s magical bristles, the
creature will become his servant
and grant his wishes
Tikbalang

27. “
She shows up when it suddenly
rains on a sunny day and usually
disappears upon noticing that
she’s been seen
She could be lured with gold,
jewels and precious stones
Anggitay
(Visayan)

28. “
Can take on various shapes and
disappears at will
An evil entity which plays
harmful pranks, terrifies night
wanderers, and abducts or rapes
women
Can be friendly towards humans,
especially those with mental
disability
Kapre
(Tagalog)

29. “
Feed on the blood, flesh, and life
force of people through
supernatural means
Some steal and eat corpses
Some use sorcery or witchcraft to
harm their enemies
It spits on a person’s food, mouth
or ear of a sleeping individual to
make it aswang
Aswang
(Bicol)

30. ❧ Aswang is derived from asu-asuhan or aso ang wangis which
means “dog-like”
❧ A myth in Bicol suggests that aswang takes root from the god of
evil Asuan or Asuang
❧ Aswang is derived from the Moluccan ‘keswange’ which is
related to the suangi, a witch
❧ In ancient times the aswang were known as alok in some parts
of Visayas.
30

31. ❧ Kabkab – aswang takes the liver of a person
❧ Haway – aswang flies into the air without wings (old Visayan)
❧ Otapil – aswang going to a secluded area either to perform a ritual
or to prepare for its nocturnal activity
❧ Bag-ong Yanggaw – a newly turned aswang
❧ Takud/Salab – doubt their selves, desperately clinging to their
humanity and seek to be rid of their condition (Visayas)
❧ Balondo/Dalin – turning into an animal or other creatures
(Visayas)
31

32. ❧ In Antique Province it’s called langgaw (literally “vinegar”),
bag-o nalanggawan or ginlanggaw (in the olden days aswang
saliva was said to smell like pungent vinegar).
❧ Korokoto – can turn into dog/cat (Eastern Visayas & Northern
Mindanao)
❧ Bangkilan – can turn into big black pigs (Cuyonan)
❧ Hubot – self-segmenting aswang related to the manananggal
❧ Mandarangkal – seduce men to have sex with her in order to eat
them (Tagalog)
32

33. ❧ Manlalayog – with deadly, foul-smelling hair, the nauseous stench
of which can make a person lose consciousness (Visayan)
❧ Mandurugo – would get married to a healthy, plump youth to
ensure a constant supply of blood every night
❧ Dangga/Agitot – seduces women to suck her blood (Panit-an,
Capiz)
❧ Tiktik – preys on the child inside a womb or on a bedridden sick
person
33

34. ❧ Maninilong – prowl under nipa houses to victimize the household
(Catanauan, Quezon)
❧ Wakwak – ambushes people who are alone at night (Visayas)
❧ Mangalok – eats the dead and kills sleeping people for their liver
and innards (Palawan)
❧ Manananggal – feeds on the blood of a fetus or sucks the fetus out
of a pregnant woman
❧ Tanggae – similar to a manananggal but it has the ability to
disguise its discarded lower half into an anthill (Aklan)
34

35. ❧ Ikki – separates at the knees, leaving its lower legs and feet when it
flies off (Quezon Province)
❧ Boroka – has wings of a bird or eagle; sbducts children and eat
them (Ilocos)
❧ Anananggal – enter a wake unseen and sniff the corpse to their
satisfaction like ghouls;wingless (Visayan & Bicolano)
❧ Ungga-ungga – her head along with her glistening entrails
detaches from her body and hovers off to look for pregnant women
to feed on (Visayas & Mindanao)
35

36. Mythological
Creatures
around the
World

37. Santa Claus
❧ Also known as Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas,
Saint Nick, Kris Kringle, or simply Santa, is a
legendary character originating in Western Christian
culture who is said to bring children gifts on Christmas
Eve, depending on whether they are “naughty or nice”
❧ His image became popular in the United States and
Canada in the 19th century due to the significant
influence of the 1823 poem “A Visit from St.
Nicholas”.
❧ Thomas Nast, a caricaturist and political cartoonist
also played a role in the creation of Santa’s image.
37

38. Fairy
❧ Angels or demons in a Christian tradition
❧ Deities in Pagan belief systems
❧ Spirits of the dead
❧ Prehistoric precursors to humans
❧ Spirits of nature
❧ Fairies were a common feature of Renaissance
literature and Romantic art, and were especially
popular in the United Kingdom during the
Victorian and Edwardian eras.
❧ Celtic Revival also saw fairies established as a
canonical part of Celti cultural heritage.
38

39. Pixie
❧ British folklore
❧ inhabit ancient underground
ancestor sites
❧ Small, mischievous and childlike
❧ They are fond of dancing and gather
outdoors in huge numbers to dance or
sometimes wrestle, through the night
39

40. Elf
❧ Germanic mythology and folklore
❧ Beliefs in elves persisted in the early modern
period, particularly in Scotland and Scandinavia,
where elves were thought of as magically powerful
people living, usually invisibly, alongside everyday
human communities.
❧ They continued to be associated with causing
illnesses and with sexual threats.
40

41. Dwarf
❧ Germanic mythology
❧ Short, stout beings that dwell
underground and within mountains
❧ Mining precious minerals and
performing great feats of engineering
and stoneworking
41

42. Gnome
❧ Mythological creature and diminutive
spirit in Renaissance magic and
alchemy, first introduced by Paracelsus
in the 16th century
❧ Diminutive statues of gnomes
introduced as lawn ornaments during
the 19th century grew in popularity
during the 20th century and came to be
known as garden gnomes
42

43. Leprechaun
❧ Medieval Irish folklore
❧ Smaller, diminutive human-like beings
❧ Known to be solitary creatures with a
love for mischief and practical jokes
❧ In later times, they have been depicted
as shoe-makers who have a hidden pot
of gold at the end of the rainbow.
43

44. Goblin
❧ First appearing in Germanic and
British folk tales
❧ Known to be troublemakers and
possess qualities of malice and greed
❧ Mischievous household spirits and
malicious bestial thieves
❧ They often have magical abilities
similar to a fairy or demon, such as the
ability to shapeshift.
44

45. Mermaid
❧ European, Asian and African folklore
❧ Sometimes associated with perilous events
such as floods, storms, shipwrecks, and
drownings
❧ In other folk traditions, they can be
benevolent or beneficent, grants wishes
or falling in love with humans.
45

46. Vampire
❧ European folklore
❧ The term vampire was popularized in Western
Europe after reports of an 18th-century mass
hysteria of a pre-existing folk belief in the Balkans
and Eastern Europe that in some cases resulted in
corpses being staked and people being accused of
vampirism.
❧ Undead creatures that often visited loved ones and
caused mischief or deaths in the neighbourhoods they
inhabited while they were alive
46

47. Unicorn
❧ In European literature and art, it has been depicted
as a white horse-like or goat-like animal with a
long straight horn with spiralling grooves, cloven
hooves, and sometimes a goat’s beard.
❧ In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, it was
commonly described as an extremely wild woodland
creature, a symbol of purity and grace, which could
be captured only by a virgin.
❧ In the encyclopedias, its horn was said to have the
power to render poisoned water potable and to
heal sickness.
47

48. Phoenix
❧ In both ancient Egyptian and Classical myth,
the phoenix was associated with sun worship
and was depicted as a large bird, with gold and
red feathers that could live for hundreds of
years.
❧ Generally known for bursting into flame at the
end of their life, only to emerge from the
ashes as a young phoenix.
❧ Symbol of immortality, eternity, and
resurrection
48

49. Dragon
❧ Draconic creatures are first described in the
mythologies of the ancient Near East and appear
in ancient Mesopotamian art and literature.
❧ Dragons in western cultures since the High Middle
Ages have often been depicted as winged, horned,
four-legged, and capable of breathing fire
❧ Dragons in eastern cultures are usually depicted as
wingless, four-legged, serpentine creatures
with above-average intelligence.
49

50. Chupacubra
❧ American folklore
❧ First purported sightings reported in Puerto
Rico in 1995
❧ The name comes from the animal’s reported
vampirism—it attacks and drinks the
blood of livestock, including goats.
❧ All of the reports are anecdotal and have
been disregarded as uncorroborated or
lacking evidence.
50

51. Werewolf
❧ Germanic pagan cultures, Slavic
Europe, and classic Greek
mythology
❧ A human with the ability to
shapeshift into a wolf
❧ Transformations occurring on the
night of a full moon
51

52. Big Foot
❧ North American folklore
❧ Commonly referred as Sasquatch
❧ Bigfoot sightings have occurred in
Northern California, Oregon,
Washington, and British
Columbia
52

53. Yeti
❧ Himalayan folklore
❧ Inhabit the Himalayan mountain
range in Asia
❧ In Western popular culture, the
creature is commonly referred to as the
Abominable Snowman
53

54. Troll
❧ Scandinavian folklore, including Norse
mythology
❧ In Old Norse sources, beings described as trolls
dwell in isolated areas of rocks, mountains, or caves,
live together in small family units, and are rarely
helpful to human beings
❧ In later Scandinavian folklore, trolls became
beings in their own right, where they live far from
human habitation, are not Christianized, and are
considered dangerous to human beings
54

55. Sandman
❧ European folklore
❧ Puts people to sleep and encourages
and inspires beautiful dreams by
sprinkling magical sand onto their eyes
❧ The grit in people’s eyes when they
wake from sleep is supposedly the
Sandman’s doing
55

56. Zombie
❧ Haitian folklore
❧ the Haitian French term “zombi” or
Haitian Creole “zonbi” used to
describe a corpse reanimated
through magic or other means
❧ Undead corporeal revenant created
through the reanimation of a corpse
56

57. Thank you!