7. BIAK NA BATO MEANING
Biak na Bato literally means “split rock” or “split boulders”,
as the big rock formation rises to the sky with a cleft in the
middle that makes it look like the rock was split in two.
Here was the site of the first republic declared in the
Philippines. In 1897, the revolutionary leader Emilio
Aguinaldo declared the Biak na Bato Republic with
members of the revolutionary society. The society was
called Katipunan and its main goal was to gain
independence from the Spanish colonial government. It
was also where the Malolos Constitution was signed.
8.
9.
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13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18. 1899 MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
MAY 1,1898 – THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY TOOK
PLACE
JUNE 12, 1898 – PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE WAS
DECLARED.
SEPTEMBER 17, 1898 – THE MALOLOS CONGRESS
WAS ERECTED TO DRAW UP A DRAFT
CONSTITUTION WHICH WAS COMPOSED OF
WEALTHYAND EDUCATED MEN.
19. 1899 MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
NOVEMBER 29, 1898 – THE CONSTITUTION WAS
APPROVED BY THE CONGRESS.
JANUARY 21, 1899 – AGUINALDO APPROVED AND
PROMULGATED THE CONSTITUTION.
20. “THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF
1899”
*WRITTEN IN SPANISH
*39 ARTICLES
*14 TITTLES
IT WAS PATTERNED AFTER THE SPANISH
CONSTITUTION OF 1812 WITH THE INFLUENCES OF
BELGIUM, MEXICO, BRAZIL, NICARAGUA, COSTA
RICA AND GUATAMELA AND THE FRENCH
REVOLUTION OF 1793
21. 1899 MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
IT WAS ALSO BASED FROM THE KARTILYA NG
KATIPUNAN MADE BY EMILIO JACINTO.
THE BIAK NA BATO CONSTITUTION DRAFTED BY
ISABELO ARTACHO 1897.
22.
23. THE COMMONWEALTH
CONSTITUTION OF 1935
After the Treaty of Paris, the Philippines was subject to
the power of the United States of America, effectively
the new colonizer of the country.
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25.
26. THE COMMONWEALTH
CONSTITUTION OF 1935
Two acts of United States Congress.
*Organic Act of 1902, the first organic law for the
Philippine Islands – the act specified that the
legislative power would be vested in a bicameral
legislature composed of the Philippine Commision as
the upper house and the Philippine Assembly as the
lower house.
27. THE COMMONWEALTH
CONSTITUTION OF 1935
Second act was the Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916
also called “Jones Law”
*removal of the Philippine commision and replacing to
house of the senate. They were all elected through the
vote of the Filipinos
End of the United States sovereignty over the
Philippines and recognized Philippine Independence
as soon as the stable govt. will established.
28. THE COMMONWEALTH
CONSTITUTION OF 1935
In 1932 Filipino Independence Commision was led by
Sergio Osmena and Manuel Roxas
Hare-Hawes Cutting Act - the promise of granting
Filipinos independence.
The Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act passed to authors
Congress Butler B. Hare, Senator Harry B. Hawes and
Senator Bronson M. Cutting
29. THE COMMONWEALTH
CONSTITUTION OF 1935
In March 24, 1934 the Tydings-Mcduffie Act also called
the Philippine Independence act
United States federal law that established the process
for the Philippines, then an American colony, to
become an independent country
Senator Millard Tydings and John McDuffie co-
authored the Tydings–McDuffie Act.
30. The commonwealth constitution crafted to meet the
approval of the United States Government and to
ensure that the US would Live up to its promise to
grant independence to the Philippines.
31.
32. 1973 CONSTITUTIONAL
AUTHORITARIANISM
FERDINAND EDRALIN MARCOS WAS ELECTED
PRESIDENT IN 1965
1967- the ph congress passed a resolution to change
the 1935 constitution with the power of marcos. RIGHT
AFTER HE WON in 1969 HE WANTED TO CHANGE
THE 1935 CONSTITUTION.
The elections of the members of convention for
changing the constitution or constitutional convention
were held on nov. 20 1970 and the convention began
june 1, 1971.
33. 1973 CONSTITUTIONAL
AUTHORITARIANISM
Before the convention end, Martial law declared by the
Dictator Marcos
The president himself dictated some provisions of the
constitution and he himself approved this constitution
nov. 29 1972
The dictator included in the constitution that a
president will serve six year term and could be re –
elected for unlimited number of terms.
And also the executive branch was formed who is also
the head of the govt.
34. 1973 CONSTITUTIONAL
AUTHORITARIANISM
He issued presidential decree no. 73 setting the date of
plebiscite to ratify or reject the prosed constitution on
nov.30 1972
it was postponed by marcos instead of plebiscite,
citizen assembly were held from january 10-15 1973
January 17, 1973 pres. Marcos announced that the
constitution was ratified by the Filipino citizen
beacause of an overwhelming vote.
35. 1973 CONSTITUTIONAL
AUTHORITARIANISM
After the constitution was approved, several
amendments had experience
1976 the legislative power still vested in the president.
And the president wanted to proposed a unicameral
form of govt. in 1980 the retirement age of the
judiciary branch was extended to 70 years.
36. 1987 Constitution after Martial
Law or the Freedom Constitution
President Corazon C. Aquino has 3 option regarding
the constitution
1. revert to the 1935 constitution
2. retain the the 1935 constitution
3. or granted the power to make reforms, or make a
new constitution.
37. 1987 Constitution after Martial
Law or the Freedom Constitution
The constitution begins with a preamble
The new constitution established the Philippines as a
“Democratic republican state where sovereignty
resides in the people “
This new constitution has a 3 Branches
Persons in the Executive branch was the president and
the vice president .
In this constitution still the president can declare
martial law in cases of national emergency but not
longer than sixty 60 days.
38. 1987 Constitution after Martial
Law or the Freedom Constitution
In March 1986 president Aquino proclaimed a
transitional constitution which will be called Freedom
Constitution. Maintained many provisions from the
old one.
On the same year 1986, constitutional convention has
been created composed of 48 members appointed by
President Cory,
The new constitution was officially adopted on febuary
2, 1987
39. 1987 Constitution after Martial
Law or the Freedom Constitution
Legislative branch – create laws
Composed of 24 senators elected by large popular vote.
And 234 representative from the different district in
the Philippines that will serve 3 year terms.
The judiciary branch – interpret laws
Composed of Supreme court and lower courts
The supreme court is composed of 15 members
appointed by the president without the need to be
confirmed by the congress.
40. 1987 Constitution after Martial
Law or the Freedom Constitution
The constitution also established 3 independent
institutional commision.
1. civil service commision – a central agency incharge
of govt personnel.
2.commision on elections- mandated to enforce and
administer all election laws and regulations
3.commision on audit – which examines all funds ,
transactions, and property accounts of the govt and its
agencies.
41. 1987 Constitution after Martial
Law or the Freedom Constitution
To further promote the ethical and lawful conduct of
the govt. the office of the Ombudsman was created to
investigate complains that pertain to public
corrucption. Unlawful behavior of govt official.
42. Changing the constitution
Cha-cha – charter change
Con-Ass – constitutional assembly
Con –con- constitutional convention
The congress can propose Con- Ass for amendments
to the constitution.
Con-Con upon a vote of all its two thirds of the
members of the congress.
PI- or Peoples initiative- this will happen if 12% of the
registered voter will vote for the amendments of the
constitution.
43. Impeachment
It can be done only by the house of the representative
and the ombudsman.
44. Attempts to Amend or change the
1987 constitution
There 3 methods on how the constitution can be change
1.Constituent Assembly
2. Constitutional Assembly
3. Peoples Initiative
Fidel Ramos- the successor of Pres. Cory Aquino who
attempted to change the constitution.
The first attempt was in 1995 when the secretary of
National Security Council Jose Almonte drafted a
constitution but it was exposed to the media.
