This document discusses the different stages of the compiler process. It involves breaking source code down through lexical analysis, syntax analysis, semantic analysis, code generation, and optimization to produce efficient machine-readable target code. Key steps include preprocessing, compiling, assembling, linking, and loading to translate human-readable source code into an executable program.

1. Tell me and I’ll forget;
show me and I may remember;
involve me and I’ll understand

2. Preprocessor
Compiler
Assembler
Loader/Link Editor
Raw Code
Modified Source Program
Target Assembly Program
Re locatable Machine Code
Target Code
Lexical Analyzer
Syntax Analyzer
Semantic Analyzer
Intermediate Code Generator
Machine Independent Code Optimizer
Code Generator
Machine Dependent Code Optimizer

3. Symbol Table
Lexical Analyzer
Syntax Analyzer
Semantic Analyzer
Intermediate Code Generator
Machine Independent Code Optimizer
Code Generator
Machine Dependent Code Optimizer
Error Handle
Character Stream
Token Stream
Syntax Tree
Syntax Tree
Intermediate Representation
Intermediate Representation
Target Machine Code
Target Machine Code