Human pharynx-Anatomy

1. PHARYNX

2. Musculomembranous tube
Extent: Base of skull to C6 vertebra
Interior of pharynx divided in to 3
Parts
1.NASOPHARYNX
2.OROPHARYNX
3.HYPOPHARYNX/
LARYNGOPHARYNX

3. NASOPHARYNX
-Behind nasal cavity and above soft
palate
ANTERIOR WALL: deficient.
Communicates with nasal cavity through
posterior nasal aperture(choanae)

5. ROOF AND POSTERIOR WALL:
Shenoid ,Atlas,Occipital
bone(basilar part)

6. FLOOR: Soft palate and
pharyngeal isthmus(space
between soft palate and
posterior pharyngeal wall)

7. NASOPHARYNX
FEATURES

8. FEATURES OF
NASOPHARYNX
1.NASOPHARYNGEAL
TONSIL: collection of
lymphoid tissue under
mucous membrane.
When infected,enlarged to
form adenoids

9. 2.PHARYNGEAL BURSA
(Pouch of luschka):Mucous
diverticulum extending in to
substance of nasopharyngeal
tonsil
3.PHARYNGEAL
HYPOPHYSIS: Glandular
tissues similar to
adenohypophysis derived from
remnant of Rathke’s pouch

10. 4.PHARYNGEAL OPENING
OF AUDITORY TUBE: 1.25 cm
behind inferior nasal conchae

11. 5. A TUBAL ELEVATION :guards
the upper and posterior margin of
auditory opening.
Produced by collection of
lymphoid tissue –TUBAL TONSIL
TWO MUCOUS
FOLDS:extending from tubal
elevation
a)salpingopharyngeal fold
b)salpingo-palatine fold

12. 6.PHARYNGEAL
RECESS(Fossa OF
Rosenmuller):mucus covered
deep depression behind tubal
elevation

13. OROPHARYNX

14. OROPHARYNX
Lies behind oral cavity
supported by C2 and C3 vertebrae
ANTERIOR
WALL:Communicates with
oralcavity through oropharyngeal
isthmus

15. OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS:
Above soft palate
Below posterior 1/3rd tongue
On each side palatoglossal arch

16. Below oropharynx
communicates with laryngo-
pharynx at level of epiglottis
ROOF: soft palate and
pharyngeal isthmus
FLOOR:Posterior 1/3rd of
tongue

17. OROPHARYNX-FEATURES
1.Palatine tonsil-Lateral wall
2.lingual tonsil-lymphoid tissue in
pharyngeal part of dorsum of
tongue
3.upper free end of epiglottis
4.median and lateral
glossoepiglottic fold
5.epiglottic valleculae – shallow
fossa between median and lateral
glossoepiglottic fold

18. LARYNGOPHARYNX
behind the laryngeal inlet
and posterior wall of larynx
ANTERIOR:
communicates with
laryngeal cavity through
laryngeal inlet
POSTERIOR:C4 toC6
vertebra
INFERIOR:Oesophagus at
pharyngoesophageal
junction
LATERAL:Thyroid
cartilage and thyrohyoid
membrane

19. LARYNGOPHARYNX-
FEATURES
Anterior wall:laryngeal
inlet below supported by
cricoid and arytenoid
cartilages
Lateral wall:pyriform
fossa on either side of
laryngeal inlet

20. PYRIFORM FOSSA: (Smugglers
fossa)
Medially:Aryepiglottic fold
laterally: mucous membrane
covering the medial surface of thyroid
cartilage and thyrohyoid membrane
Internal laryngeal nerve and superior
laryngeal vessels pierce thyrohyoid
membrane
Above:seperated from epiglottic
vallecula by lateral glossoepiglottic
fold

24. PHARYNGEAL WALL
4 LAYERS
1.Mucous membrane
2.pharyngobasilar
fascia(pharyngeal
aponeurosis)
3.muscular
coat(pharyngeal
muscles)
4.Buccopharyngeal

25. WALDEYER’S RING
Collection of lymphoid tissue
under epithelial lining of
pharynx called tonsil
Surround commencement of air
and food passages
These aggregations together
constitute an interrupted
circle-Waldeyer’s ring

26. Waldeyer’s ring formed by
1.pharyngeal
tonsil,posterosuperiorly
2.lingual tonsil, anteriorly
3.tubal and palatine tonsils laterally

28. CONSTRICTOR
MUSCLES
1.Superior
constrictor
2.Inferior constrictor
3.Middle constrictor

29. DIVERTICULUM
Inferior constrictor
muscle has two
parts:thyropharyngeu
s and
cricopharyngeus
Gap between these –
killian’s dehiscence.
Mucosa and
submucosa of
pharynx may bulge
through this weak

30. LONGITUDINAL
MUSCLES
1.Stylopharyngeus
2.Palatopharyngeus
3.Salpingopharyngeu
s
All inserted to
posterior border of
lamina of thyroid
cartilage

31. PASSAVANT’S RIDGE:Fibres of
palatopharyngeus and superior
constrictor form a U shaped muscle
loop in posterior pharyngeal wall
under mucosa to form passavant’s
ridge

32. GAPS IN PHARYNGEAL WALL

34. Between base of skull
and superior
constrictor(sinus of
morgagni)
1.auditory tube
2.levator palati muscle
3.Ascending palatine artery
4.palatine branch of
ascending pharyngeal
artery

35. Between superior and middle
constrictor
1.stylopharyngeus muscle
2.Glossopharyngeal nerve
Between middle and inferior
constrictor
1.Internal laryngeal nerve
2.Superior laryngeal vessels
Below Inferior constrictor
1.Recurrent laryngeal nerve
2.Inferior laryngeal vessels

36. NERVE SUPPLY OF PHARYNX
MOTOR:All muscles are supplied by
cranial part of accessory through
pharyngeal plexus EXCEPT
Stylopharyngeus supplied by
glossopharyngeal nerve.
SENSORY:
Nasopharynx-pterygopalatine ganglion
Oropharynx-glossopharyngeal nerve
Laryngopharynx-internal laryngeal nerve

37. ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF PHARYNX
1.Ascending pharyngeal artery
2.Ascending palatine and tonsillar artery
3.Greater palatine and pharyngeal
artery
4.Lingual artery
Venous drainage by pharyngeal
venous plexus. It drains into IJV
LYMPHATICS:Upper and lower deep
cervical lymph nodes through
retropharyngeal nodes