Pharaohs were the kings or queens of ancient Egypt. The first true pharaoh was Narmer, who united Upper and Lower Egypt around 3100 BC. Pharaohs were believed to be both human and gods. They owned all of Egypt and had significant power and importance as head of government and high priest. Ancient Egyptians buried their pharaohs in pyramids during the Old and Middle Kingdoms and in the Valley of the Kings during the New Kingdom. Tutankhamun and Ramesses II are two of the most famous pharaohs.