2. Egypt used to be the land of pharaohs and
pyramids.
The Pharaoh was the
king of Egypt, the
most powerful person
there.
3. The Pharaoh
had 2 titles
Lord of the Two Lands
He was the ruler of all Egypt. He owned
all the land, made laws, collected taxes
and defended Egypt against foreigners.
High Priest of Every Temple
He represented the Gods on Earth. He
performed rituals and and built temples
to honour the Gods.
4. Many pharaohs went to war when their land was threatened
or when they wanted to control foreign lands. If the pharaoh
won the battle, the conquered people had to recognise the
Egyptian pharaoh as their ruler and offer him the finest and
most valuable goods from their land.
5. The Pharaohs
Djoser
• He commissioned the first Pyramid
in Egypt, The Step Pyramid. It was
constructed by Djosers' chief architect
and scribe Imhotep.
• Date: Circa 2630 BC (Before Christ).
• Location: Saqqara.
• Height: 62 metres.
6. The Pharaohs
Khufu
(Cheops)
• Built the Great Pyramid of Giza,
the Earth’s largest pyramid. It’s the
oldest and largest of the
three pyramids in the Giza
Necropolis.
• Date: Circa 2550 BC (Before
Christ).
• Location: Giza.
• Height: 147 metres.
• Base: 230 metres.
7. The Pharaohs
Khafra
(Chephren)
• He built the second largest Pyramid of
Giza. Some egyptologists say that he
was the builder of the Great Sphinx of
Giza. Others say that Khufu (Cheops)
did it.
• Date: Circa 2540 BC (Before Christ).
• Location: Giza.
• Height: 143 metres.
• Base: 215 metres.
8. Menkaura
(Mycerinus)
The Pharaohs
• He built the smallest of the three
Pyramids of Giza.
• Date: Circa 2540 BC (Before
Christ).
• Location: Giza.
• Height: 66 metres.
• Base: 103 metres.
9. The Pharaohs
• He ruled Egypt for 17 years.
• He was especially noted for abandoning
traditional Egyptian polytheism and introducing
worship centered on the Aten, which is
sometimes described as monotheistic (believe in
one only God). He gave the solar deity a status
above mere gods.
• Date: Circa 1351 – 1334 BC (Before Christ).
• Nefertiti was his Great Royal Wife. She was
beautiful. They were known for the religion
revolution. They both reigned at what was
arguably the wealthiest period of Ancient Egyptian
history. Some scholars believe that Nefertiti ruled
briefly after her husband's death and before the
accession of Tutankhamun, although this
identification is a matter of ongoing debate.
Akhenaten
10. The Pharaohs
• He was Akhenaten’s son, but not
Nefertiti’s. Nefertiti only had daughters.
Tutankhamun was Akhenaten and one of
his sister’s son.
• He was the king of Egypt when he was 8
years old.
• He is known as the boy king.
• He probably reinstated the polytheistic
religion (believe in many Gods).
• Date: 1333 – 1324 BC (Before Christ). He
ruled Egypt for 8 years.
Tutankhamun
11. The Pharaohs
Ramesses II
• Date: reigned 1279–1213 BC (Before Christ).
• At age 14, Ramesses was appointed Prince Regent by his
father Seti I. He is believed to have taken the throne in
his late teens (18-19 years old) and is known to have
ruled Egypt for 66 years. It is estimated that he died
when he was 90 or 91 years old.
• He was buried in a tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
Now, it is displayed in the Cairo Museum.
• He is considered as the greatest, most celebrated, and
most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire. He is
known as Ramesses the Great.
• He built many cities, temples and monuments. In
1255 BC Ramesses and his queen Nefertari traveled into
Nubia (Southern Egypt) to inaugurate a new temple, the
great Abu Simbel.
12. The Pharaohs
• Abu Simbel is formed by 2 temples. The biggest one
is dedicated to Amun, Ra-Horakhty, and Ptah, the 3
main Gods in Ancient Egypt, and it has 4 colossal
statues of Ramesses II in the front part of the temple.
It took 20 years to build it. And the smallest temple is
dedicated to Goddess Hathor and Ramesses wife
Nefertari. This was in fact the second time in ancient
Egyptian history that a temple was dedicated to a
queen. The first time, Akhenaten dedicated a temple
to his great royal wife, Nefertiti.
• Nefertari Meritmut’s lavishly decorated
tomb, QV66, is the largest and most
spectacular in the Valley of the Queens.
13. The Pharaohs
Cleopatra VII
• Date: 51 - 30 BC (Before Christ).
• She was the last queen of Ancient Egypt. She became queen
when she was 18 years old.
•The Ptolemies spoke Greek and refused to speak Egyptian.
But Cleopatra did learn to speak Egyptian and represented
herself as the reincarnation of an Egyptian goddess, Isis.
• Cleopatra originally ruled Egypt with her father, Ptolemy XII
Auletes, and later with her brothers, Ptolemy XIII and
Ptolemy XIV, whom she married as per Egyptian custom, but
eventually she became sole ruler. As pharaoh, she
consummated a liaison with Julius Caesar that solidified her
grip on the throne. She later elevated her son with Caesar,
Caesarion, to co-ruler in name.
14. • After Caesar's assassination in 44 BC, she aligned
with Mark Antony in opposition to Caesar's legal heir,
Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (later known as
Augustus). With Antony, she bore the twins Cleopatra
Selene II and Alexander Helios, and another son,
Ptolemy Philadelphus (her unions with her brothers
had produced no children). After losing the Battle of
Actium to Octavian's forces, Antony committed
suicide. Cleopatra followed suit, according to
tradition killing herself by means of an asp bite on
August 12, 30 BC. She was briefly outlived by
Caesarion, who was declared pharaoh by his
supporters but soon killed on Octavian's orders.
Cleopatra VII
