This document describes research on engineering a bacteriophage (phage) to carry the alkaline phosphatase gene in order to develop a novel phage-based probe for rapid detection of bacteria. Specifically, researchers modified bacteriophage T7, which infects E. coli, to overexpress alkaline phosphatase during infection. They demonstrated successful modification of T7, overexpression of alkaline phosphatase in infected E. coli, and detection of the alkaline phosphatase activity using commercial colorimetric and chemiluminescent methods. Furthermore, they showed the probe could rapidly detect low levels of E. coli and determine antibiotic resistance, making it a promising tool for bacterial detection that could be easily adopted in laboratories.
The reliability of using vitek 2 compact system to detectAlexander Decker
The study aimed to determine the reliability of the Vitek 2 system for detecting extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Accra, Ghana. 400 E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were tested for ESBL phenotypes using the Vitek 2 system and combined disk synergy method. The Vitek 2 system detected 202 ESBL producers with a sensitivity of 98.5%, specificity of 98.9%, positive predictive value of 99% and negative predictive value of 98.5% compared to the reference combined disk synergy method. Therefore, the Vitek 2 system is a reliable method for the rapid and accurate
This document summarizes a study that developed a disposable colorimetric sensing array to rapidly identify bacteria through the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) they produce. 10 strains of bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant forms, were grown on agar plates and identified by the sensor array within 10 hours with 98.8% accuracy. Current methods for bacterial identification are slow and require expensive equipment. The low-cost colorimetric sensor array provides a simple and rapid alternative for identifying bacteria based on their metabolic VOC profiles, with potential applications in medicine and industry.
The annual Research Poster Session at the conference features cutting-edge food safety research related to fresh and fresh-cut produce from researchers around the world. Posters will be on display during the conference and researchers will be available at their posters on June 21 from 2-4pm to discuss their research. The document then provides summaries of 4 research posters that will be presented on topics including the antimicrobial effects of haskap berry extracts on foodborne pathogens, using whole genome sequencing and genetic analysis to map contamination sources in produce packing facilities, developing alternative seed disinfection methods for sprouted vegetables, and developing methods to encapsulate ethylene to control fruit ripening.
Integrating Detection of Multiple Pathogens in Fooddedmark
The document discusses developing a multiplex assay on paper-based devices for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens. Specifically, it aims to detect Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella species, shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and fecal coliforms. Assays were previously developed individually for each pathogen using specific enzymatic substrates. The document outlines work to optimize the individual assays and combine them onto a single paper-based device for simultaneous detection of all pathogens. Future work includes further testing and optimization, as well as implementing image analysis and quantification.
This document discusses accelerating rapid diagnostics using new detection methods. Traditional diagnostic workflows can take 2+ days but detecting pathogens faster could improve patient outcomes and reduce costs. LumiByte is developing new methods like MuScan for single-cell detection and Colony Tracker for monitoring microbial growth that can provide results in hours rather than days. Faster diagnostics are needed to combat antimicrobial resistance by improving treatment and reducing inappropriate antibiotic use.
Measuring parameters of Bovine Enterovirus infectionMatthew Dower
1) Four assays were performed to measure parameters of bovine enterovirus infection: plaque assay, TCID50 assay, viral protein assay, and intracellular viral RNA assay.
2) The plaque assay showed that virus titer increased with time as more replication cycles occurred.
3) The viral protein assay indicated variation in viral proteins produced at different time points of infection.
4) Unfortunately, the intracellular viral RNA assay did not detect any RNA from samples.
Automation in microbiology, changing concept and defeating challengesAyman Allam
This document discusses automation in microbiology and some of the challenges associated with it. It begins by providing background on the early history of microbiology. It then discusses how rapid and accurate microbiological results are important for patient care. Automation provides advantages like rapid results, reproducibility, and reduced errors. However, microbiology is a complex field that still requires human input for interpreting results. The document reviews several automated systems for blood culture, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. It also evaluates one such system, the Phoenix system, and finds it provides generally good identification and AST results compared to conventional methods. In conclusion, automation can be suitable for high-volume laboratories but cost must be considered, as microbiology still requires human expertise.
Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli Summer TrainingPiyush Kumar
1 month industrial training at CRI, Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh which includes production, QC and QA testing of immunobiologicals (vaccines). Different tests carried out in brief, and introduction about their manufacture.
The reliability of using vitek 2 compact system to detectAlexander Decker
The study aimed to determine the reliability of the Vitek 2 system for detecting extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Accra, Ghana. 400 E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were tested for ESBL phenotypes using the Vitek 2 system and combined disk synergy method. The Vitek 2 system detected 202 ESBL producers with a sensitivity of 98.5%, specificity of 98.9%, positive predictive value of 99% and negative predictive value of 98.5% compared to the reference combined disk synergy method. Therefore, the Vitek 2 system is a reliable method for the rapid and accurate
This document summarizes a study that developed a disposable colorimetric sensing array to rapidly identify bacteria through the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) they produce. 10 strains of bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant forms, were grown on agar plates and identified by the sensor array within 10 hours with 98.8% accuracy. Current methods for bacterial identification are slow and require expensive equipment. The low-cost colorimetric sensor array provides a simple and rapid alternative for identifying bacteria based on their metabolic VOC profiles, with potential applications in medicine and industry.
The annual Research Poster Session at the conference features cutting-edge food safety research related to fresh and fresh-cut produce from researchers around the world. Posters will be on display during the conference and researchers will be available at their posters on June 21 from 2-4pm to discuss their research. The document then provides summaries of 4 research posters that will be presented on topics including the antimicrobial effects of haskap berry extracts on foodborne pathogens, using whole genome sequencing and genetic analysis to map contamination sources in produce packing facilities, developing alternative seed disinfection methods for sprouted vegetables, and developing methods to encapsulate ethylene to control fruit ripening.
Integrating Detection of Multiple Pathogens in Fooddedmark
The document discusses developing a multiplex assay on paper-based devices for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens. Specifically, it aims to detect Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella species, shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and fecal coliforms. Assays were previously developed individually for each pathogen using specific enzymatic substrates. The document outlines work to optimize the individual assays and combine them onto a single paper-based device for simultaneous detection of all pathogens. Future work includes further testing and optimization, as well as implementing image analysis and quantification.
This document discusses accelerating rapid diagnostics using new detection methods. Traditional diagnostic workflows can take 2+ days but detecting pathogens faster could improve patient outcomes and reduce costs. LumiByte is developing new methods like MuScan for single-cell detection and Colony Tracker for monitoring microbial growth that can provide results in hours rather than days. Faster diagnostics are needed to combat antimicrobial resistance by improving treatment and reducing inappropriate antibiotic use.
Measuring parameters of Bovine Enterovirus infectionMatthew Dower
1) Four assays were performed to measure parameters of bovine enterovirus infection: plaque assay, TCID50 assay, viral protein assay, and intracellular viral RNA assay.
2) The plaque assay showed that virus titer increased with time as more replication cycles occurred.
3) The viral protein assay indicated variation in viral proteins produced at different time points of infection.
4) Unfortunately, the intracellular viral RNA assay did not detect any RNA from samples.
Automation in microbiology, changing concept and defeating challengesAyman Allam
This document discusses automation in microbiology and some of the challenges associated with it. It begins by providing background on the early history of microbiology. It then discusses how rapid and accurate microbiological results are important for patient care. Automation provides advantages like rapid results, reproducibility, and reduced errors. However, microbiology is a complex field that still requires human input for interpreting results. The document reviews several automated systems for blood culture, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. It also evaluates one such system, the Phoenix system, and finds it provides generally good identification and AST results compared to conventional methods. In conclusion, automation can be suitable for high-volume laboratories but cost must be considered, as microbiology still requires human expertise.
Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli Summer TrainingPiyush Kumar
1 month industrial training at CRI, Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh which includes production, QC and QA testing of immunobiologicals (vaccines). Different tests carried out in brief, and introduction about their manufacture.
This experiment aimed to generate Escherichia coli resistant to bacteriophage T1 and classify mutations. Plaque assays to isolate resistant mutants were unsuccessful, yielding no plaques. Regrowth of mutants from previous research was successful, as was MRVP testing to confirm the regrown cultures were E. coli. Genomic DNA was isolated from positive mutant cultures and will undergo PCR amplification and analysis. In summary, the experiment generated no new resistant mutants but validated previous work characterizing E. coli mutations that confer resistance to bacteriophage infection.
This document summarizes the new features and capabilities of the VITEK 2 Compact system for microbial identification. Key points include:
- The system has redesigned test cards with 64 wells, pre-inserted straws, and barcodes for improved accuracy, fewer manual steps, and full traceability.
- Four new test cards (GN, GP, BCL, YST) have been developed to identify different types of microorganisms, achieving identification rates of 85-100% within 10-18 hours.
- The system features an intuitive interface, automated functions to reduce manual steps and increase productivity, and software compliant with regulatory standards.
This document describes the services provided by a cell culture laboratory, including maintaining various mammalian and invertebrate cell lines, characterizing new cell lines, freezing and thawing cell lines, and evaluating contamination. The laboratory isolates and identifies various viruses, parasites, and other pathogens in cell cultures and animals. It also develops vaccines against pathogens like Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia, and Cryptosporidium using infected cell cultures. The laboratory produces medium and large scale infected cell cultures for vaccine production.
Rapid methods of detection of food borne pathogensAnchal
Rapid methods of detection of foodborne pathogens include biosensors, microscopic methods, immunological detection methods, and molecular detection methods. Biosensors can detect pathogens through metabolic patterns, phenotypic expression, nucleic acid analysis, and pathogen interaction with cells. Microscopic methods include direct epifluorescent filter technique, flow cytometry, and solid-phase cytometry. Immunological methods like lateral flow devices and ELISA use antibodies to detect pathogens. Molecular detection uses techniques like fluorescent in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction to detect pathogen DNA. These rapid methods aim to reduce detection time from days to hours compared to traditional culture methods.
Phage typing is a phenotypic method used to differentiate between bacterial strains using bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria). Certain bacteriophages can only infect specific bacterial strains. Phage typing involves growing bacterial cultures and spotting them with different bacteriophages - susceptible strains will show clearings where the bacteria have been lysed. While a complex method, phage typing has been useful for epidemiological surveillance and tracing outbreaks of pathogens like Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Improved standardization is needed to ensure reliable comparison of results between laboratories.
disease diagnosis, types of diagnostic kits, nucleic acid based that include pcr, rt pcr, microarray, protein based which include ELISA, types of elisa, comparision among all types of diagnostic kits
OS20 - Development of Solid-phase Competition ELISA for detection of type-A F...EuFMD
The document summarizes the development and validation of a solid-phase competition ELISA (SPC-ELISA) for detecting antibodies to Foot and Mouth Disease Virus type A. The SPC-ELISA uses a recombinant protein derived from a type A FMDV strain and a monoclonal antibody competitor. Testing on panels of vaccinated, infected, and reference sera demonstrated high concordance with virus neutralization tests. The SPC-ELISA had 90.9% sensitivity and 98.3% specificity relative to virus neutralization tests, making it a simple and robust tool to replace virus neutralization tests for FMDV sero-surveillance.
The document describes the design, development and validation of over 40 Real Time PCR assays for the diagnosis of various infectious microorganisms, viruses, parasites and bacterial pathogens affecting animals and humans. It also includes experience in training personnel, validating controls, extracting nucleic acids, commissioning equipment and designing laboratory infrastructure for PCR-based infectious disease diagnosis.
The document summarizes a study conducted by a biology student that found antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in higher numbers in February compared to October at a local daycare center in North Carolina. Swabs were taken from various surfaces in a toddler room in the fall and winter. Five bacterial species showing resistance to multiple antibiotics were identified in October, compared to fourteen species in February. The student used microscopy, biochemical testing, and DNA sequencing to identify the bacteria isolated. The results indicate antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a legitimate health threat in daycare centers.
This document discusses phage typing, which is a method used to characterize and detect differences between bacterial strains based on their susceptibility or resistance to various bacteriophages. Phage typing can be used to distinguish between strains that cause disease from harmless strains, and to trace the source of bacterial outbreaks. It involves observing the zones of clearing around spots of different bacteriophages to determine the susceptibility patterns and strain differences. Phage typing is commonly used in epidemiology to identify infectious agents like strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria, or Bacillus anthracis.
OS20 - Avidity ELISA provides a good correlate with the virus neutralization ...EuFMD
The avidity ELISA provides a good correlate with the virus neutralization test in assessing vaccine-induced antibodies in buffaloes. The study developed a single dilution avidity ELISA to measure FMD vaccine antibodies in buffaloes and compared it to standard tests like virus neutralization tests and liquid phase blocking ELISA. Results showed substantial concordance between the avidity ELISA and virus neutralization test, while the liquid phase blocking ELISA only had moderate concordance. The avidity ELISA and virus neutralization test also similarly detected a decrease in antibody levels of calves with maternal antibodies, which was significantly different at specific time points post-vaccination. The avidity ELISA provides a simple, specific technique that could replace the virus neutralization test for monitoring vaccine
recent development in culture od CestodeAbdullah Jan
The document discusses recent developments in culturing cestode parasites. It is a complex process due to the parasites' life cycles involving different host species. Researchers have developed vaccines using cultured parasite antigens to prevent infections in livestock. Cultured parasites have also been used to identify diagnostic components, screen drugs, study cell growth and differentiation, and examine phylogenetic relationships. Maintaining cestode cultures has aided the cloning and sequencing of oncosphere genes.
This document discusses various methods used to identify and characterize prokaryotes, including phenotypic, genotypic, and strain-level characterization techniques. Phenotypic methods include microscopy, staining techniques like Gram stain, culture characteristics, and biochemical tests. Genotypic identification uses nucleic acid-based methods like PCR and sequencing. Strain differentiation analyzes biochemical profiles, serological reactions, genomic fingerprinting using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, ribotyping, and phage typing susceptibility patterns.
Ranavirus outbreak in captive eastern box turtlesmgray11
This document describes an outbreak of Ranavirus, Herpesvirus, and Mycoplasma infection in a captive population of 22 Eastern Box Turtles. The outbreak was first detected in July 2011, when several turtles were found dead or moribund. Living turtles were quarantined and treated with antibiotics, antivirals, fluids, and nutrition. Molecular monitoring found high prevalence of Ranavirus shedding that decreased with treatment. After 5 months of follow up, all surviving turtles were virus-free. The intensive intervention improved survival compared to previous reports, though co-infection did not affect outcomes. Further study of antivirals and immune response is warranted.
The one-step RT-qPCR assay developed by Exopol S.L. was able to detect a wide variety of ruminant pestiviruses with excellent specificity and good sensitivity down to 102 copies per reaction. Testing on 272 clinical samples identified BVDV/BDV in 17.1% of cattle and 16.7% of sheep samples, with most positive cases in reproductive swabs and blood/serum. The assay provides a reliable and sensitive diagnostic tool for routine detection of pestiviruses in ruminants.
This document summarizes a student's microbiology laboratory work on Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Lombok, Indonesia. The student cultured 56 clinical samples, identified 37 as S. pneumoniae through optochin sensitivity testing, and tested their antibiotic sensitivity and presence of cpsA and pilus genes. PCR testing found the pilus-associated genes rrg and pitb were present in 3 of the 40 isolates tested. Further testing of 8 selected isolates found 6 were negative for the rrg gene and 3 negative for the pitb gene, requiring confirmation of the pilus presence. The student thanked their collaborators and learned about S. pneumoniae through conducting these experiments.
How to make every employee part of your marketing team (BrightonSEO April 201...Mike Essex
As presented at BrightonSEO in April 2016 by Mike Essex (@blagman) this deck looks at ways to make every employee do your marketing work for you through to power of internal communication.
This document discusses environmental justice and the relevant laws. It provides an overview of the basic structure of environmental law including statutes, regulations, and executive orders. It then summarizes several key statutes related to environmental justice, such as the Freedom of Information Act, Civil Rights Act, National Environmental Policy Act, Clean Air Act, and Clean Water Act. Finally, it discusses how solar energy relates to environmental justice through examples of polluting electricity sources and a case study of a community solar garden project.
This experiment aimed to generate Escherichia coli resistant to bacteriophage T1 and classify mutations. Plaque assays to isolate resistant mutants were unsuccessful, yielding no plaques. Regrowth of mutants from previous research was successful, as was MRVP testing to confirm the regrown cultures were E. coli. Genomic DNA was isolated from positive mutant cultures and will undergo PCR amplification and analysis. In summary, the experiment generated no new resistant mutants but validated previous work characterizing E. coli mutations that confer resistance to bacteriophage infection.
This document summarizes the new features and capabilities of the VITEK 2 Compact system for microbial identification. Key points include:
- The system has redesigned test cards with 64 wells, pre-inserted straws, and barcodes for improved accuracy, fewer manual steps, and full traceability.
- Four new test cards (GN, GP, BCL, YST) have been developed to identify different types of microorganisms, achieving identification rates of 85-100% within 10-18 hours.
- The system features an intuitive interface, automated functions to reduce manual steps and increase productivity, and software compliant with regulatory standards.
This document describes the services provided by a cell culture laboratory, including maintaining various mammalian and invertebrate cell lines, characterizing new cell lines, freezing and thawing cell lines, and evaluating contamination. The laboratory isolates and identifies various viruses, parasites, and other pathogens in cell cultures and animals. It also develops vaccines against pathogens like Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia, and Cryptosporidium using infected cell cultures. The laboratory produces medium and large scale infected cell cultures for vaccine production.
Rapid methods of detection of food borne pathogensAnchal
Rapid methods of detection of foodborne pathogens include biosensors, microscopic methods, immunological detection methods, and molecular detection methods. Biosensors can detect pathogens through metabolic patterns, phenotypic expression, nucleic acid analysis, and pathogen interaction with cells. Microscopic methods include direct epifluorescent filter technique, flow cytometry, and solid-phase cytometry. Immunological methods like lateral flow devices and ELISA use antibodies to detect pathogens. Molecular detection uses techniques like fluorescent in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction to detect pathogen DNA. These rapid methods aim to reduce detection time from days to hours compared to traditional culture methods.
Phage typing is a phenotypic method used to differentiate between bacterial strains using bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria). Certain bacteriophages can only infect specific bacterial strains. Phage typing involves growing bacterial cultures and spotting them with different bacteriophages - susceptible strains will show clearings where the bacteria have been lysed. While a complex method, phage typing has been useful for epidemiological surveillance and tracing outbreaks of pathogens like Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Improved standardization is needed to ensure reliable comparison of results between laboratories.
disease diagnosis, types of diagnostic kits, nucleic acid based that include pcr, rt pcr, microarray, protein based which include ELISA, types of elisa, comparision among all types of diagnostic kits
OS20 - Development of Solid-phase Competition ELISA for detection of type-A F...EuFMD
The document summarizes the development and validation of a solid-phase competition ELISA (SPC-ELISA) for detecting antibodies to Foot and Mouth Disease Virus type A. The SPC-ELISA uses a recombinant protein derived from a type A FMDV strain and a monoclonal antibody competitor. Testing on panels of vaccinated, infected, and reference sera demonstrated high concordance with virus neutralization tests. The SPC-ELISA had 90.9% sensitivity and 98.3% specificity relative to virus neutralization tests, making it a simple and robust tool to replace virus neutralization tests for FMDV sero-surveillance.
The document describes the design, development and validation of over 40 Real Time PCR assays for the diagnosis of various infectious microorganisms, viruses, parasites and bacterial pathogens affecting animals and humans. It also includes experience in training personnel, validating controls, extracting nucleic acids, commissioning equipment and designing laboratory infrastructure for PCR-based infectious disease diagnosis.
The document summarizes a study conducted by a biology student that found antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in higher numbers in February compared to October at a local daycare center in North Carolina. Swabs were taken from various surfaces in a toddler room in the fall and winter. Five bacterial species showing resistance to multiple antibiotics were identified in October, compared to fourteen species in February. The student used microscopy, biochemical testing, and DNA sequencing to identify the bacteria isolated. The results indicate antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a legitimate health threat in daycare centers.
This document discusses phage typing, which is a method used to characterize and detect differences between bacterial strains based on their susceptibility or resistance to various bacteriophages. Phage typing can be used to distinguish between strains that cause disease from harmless strains, and to trace the source of bacterial outbreaks. It involves observing the zones of clearing around spots of different bacteriophages to determine the susceptibility patterns and strain differences. Phage typing is commonly used in epidemiology to identify infectious agents like strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria, or Bacillus anthracis.
OS20 - Avidity ELISA provides a good correlate with the virus neutralization ...EuFMD
The avidity ELISA provides a good correlate with the virus neutralization test in assessing vaccine-induced antibodies in buffaloes. The study developed a single dilution avidity ELISA to measure FMD vaccine antibodies in buffaloes and compared it to standard tests like virus neutralization tests and liquid phase blocking ELISA. Results showed substantial concordance between the avidity ELISA and virus neutralization test, while the liquid phase blocking ELISA only had moderate concordance. The avidity ELISA and virus neutralization test also similarly detected a decrease in antibody levels of calves with maternal antibodies, which was significantly different at specific time points post-vaccination. The avidity ELISA provides a simple, specific technique that could replace the virus neutralization test for monitoring vaccine
recent development in culture od CestodeAbdullah Jan
The document discusses recent developments in culturing cestode parasites. It is a complex process due to the parasites' life cycles involving different host species. Researchers have developed vaccines using cultured parasite antigens to prevent infections in livestock. Cultured parasites have also been used to identify diagnostic components, screen drugs, study cell growth and differentiation, and examine phylogenetic relationships. Maintaining cestode cultures has aided the cloning and sequencing of oncosphere genes.
This document discusses various methods used to identify and characterize prokaryotes, including phenotypic, genotypic, and strain-level characterization techniques. Phenotypic methods include microscopy, staining techniques like Gram stain, culture characteristics, and biochemical tests. Genotypic identification uses nucleic acid-based methods like PCR and sequencing. Strain differentiation analyzes biochemical profiles, serological reactions, genomic fingerprinting using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, ribotyping, and phage typing susceptibility patterns.
Ranavirus outbreak in captive eastern box turtlesmgray11
This document describes an outbreak of Ranavirus, Herpesvirus, and Mycoplasma infection in a captive population of 22 Eastern Box Turtles. The outbreak was first detected in July 2011, when several turtles were found dead or moribund. Living turtles were quarantined and treated with antibiotics, antivirals, fluids, and nutrition. Molecular monitoring found high prevalence of Ranavirus shedding that decreased with treatment. After 5 months of follow up, all surviving turtles were virus-free. The intensive intervention improved survival compared to previous reports, though co-infection did not affect outcomes. Further study of antivirals and immune response is warranted.
The one-step RT-qPCR assay developed by Exopol S.L. was able to detect a wide variety of ruminant pestiviruses with excellent specificity and good sensitivity down to 102 copies per reaction. Testing on 272 clinical samples identified BVDV/BDV in 17.1% of cattle and 16.7% of sheep samples, with most positive cases in reproductive swabs and blood/serum. The assay provides a reliable and sensitive diagnostic tool for routine detection of pestiviruses in ruminants.
This document summarizes a student's microbiology laboratory work on Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Lombok, Indonesia. The student cultured 56 clinical samples, identified 37 as S. pneumoniae through optochin sensitivity testing, and tested their antibiotic sensitivity and presence of cpsA and pilus genes. PCR testing found the pilus-associated genes rrg and pitb were present in 3 of the 40 isolates tested. Further testing of 8 selected isolates found 6 were negative for the rrg gene and 3 negative for the pitb gene, requiring confirmation of the pilus presence. The student thanked their collaborators and learned about S. pneumoniae through conducting these experiments.
How to make every employee part of your marketing team (BrightonSEO April 201...Mike Essex
As presented at BrightonSEO in April 2016 by Mike Essex (@blagman) this deck looks at ways to make every employee do your marketing work for you through to power of internal communication.
This document discusses environmental justice and the relevant laws. It provides an overview of the basic structure of environmental law including statutes, regulations, and executive orders. It then summarizes several key statutes related to environmental justice, such as the Freedom of Information Act, Civil Rights Act, National Environmental Policy Act, Clean Air Act, and Clean Water Act. Finally, it discusses how solar energy relates to environmental justice through examples of polluting electricity sources and a case study of a community solar garden project.
This document is a 2015 range guide for Mercedes-Benz vehicles effective July 1, 2015. It provides information on various Mercedes models including the A-Class, B-Class, CLA Coupe, CLA Shooting Brake, GLA, and finance offers. The guide includes specifications, photos, pricing and option details for each model line.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las transacciones con bancos rusos clave y la prohibición de la venta de aviones y equipos a Rusia. Los líderes de la UE esperan que las sanciones aumenten la presión económica sobre Rusia y la disuadan de continuar su agresión contra Ucrania.
Akashi Energy Ltd is a UK-based supplier of solid biomass fuels including wood pellets, firewood, animal bedding and electronic thermostatic radiator valves. It sources fuels from non-virgin forests and can deliver full truckloads and container loads across the UK. Akashi Energy aims to establish long-term partnerships to supply retailers, distributors and other organizations with competitively priced, environmentally-friendly solid biofuels and products.
The document provides information about the Fremont 2015 Winter Program offered by Stats Unbound, including an orientation event, program schedules, curriculums for different grade levels, science projects, internship opportunities, and instructor biographies. The program offers courses in statistics, analytics, coding, and science through partnerships with ASA, IBM, UCSC, and Stanford and aims to prepare students for contests, certificates, and internships in data science fields.
The Certified Flooring Network (CFRN) is a national network of flooring experts that provides flooring restoration, repair, and replacement services for insurance claims. They have over 100 years of combined experience working with insurance companies. CFRN uses locally-owned experts that are certified and trained to quickly respond to claims and complete work within 24 hours. They aim to provide a cost-effective solution for insurers and a positive claims experience for policyholders.
This document discusses community solar policies in the Southeast United States. It notes that utilities currently have sole authority for community solar programs, and that third-party competition would require additional legislation in most states. It outlines the community solar and solar policies of different states in the region. Key challenges include legalizing third-party involvement and determining fair rates and credits for solar energy exported to the grid. Potential solutions discussed include utility-sponsored programs, leveraging funding sources, and permitting third parties under certain conditions. Examples of positive community solar programs in North Carolina and South Carolina are provided.
Kavya Villuri is seeking a technically challenging position as a software engineer, leveraging her 1+ year of experience in implementing large-scale web applications using Java/J2EE technologies. She has strong programming skills in Java, J2EE, JDBC, JSP, HTML, JavaScript, Angular JS. She has worked on projects involving developing servlets and web services, integrating applications, and creating a project dashboard to visualize project metrics. Kavya is highly motivated, adapts well to new environments, and works effectively independently and as part of a team.
Mfundo Mbali is a 22-year-old management student at Cape Peninsula University of Technology who was raised by his single mother. He had to work to support himself from a young age. Despite obstacles, he completed high school and became the first in his family to attend university. Mfundo dreams of becoming a motivational speaker to help disadvantaged youth. He started a company called Motitainment to recruit and train young speakers, but lacks funds. Mfundo seeks funding for transport, equipment, uniforms and other needs to spread his message and help youth through his work.
El plan de clase propone actividades para que los niños practiquen el conteo y resolución de problemas numéricos. Los niños participarán en un juego de supermercado para contar fichas y calcular precios, y usarán un programa educativo para identificar cantidades. El objetivo es que los estudiantes utilicen estrategias de conteo y resuelvan problemas numéricos de forma autónoma.
Gamal Mohamed Eid is applying for the position of internal audit manager. He has over 16 years of experience in internal auditing and financial controlling, most recently as a senior internal auditor at Crystal Asfour since 2007. Previously, he held accounting and internal audit roles at several other companies from 1995 to 2007. Eid has a bachelor's degree in accounting from 1993. He is proficient in accounting systems, auditing systems, and computer programs like Word, Excel, and accounting software. He is seeking a reputable position where he can utilize his financial and auditing experience.
El documento describe una actividad en un colegio para enseñar a los alumnos sobre los ratones. Comenzará con canciones para formar un círculo. Luego, la maestra explicará las características de los ratones y dará a cinco niños ratones de juguete para que dirijan equipos. Cantarán una canción sobre cinco ratoncitos y después la maestra explicará cómo se quedaron en paz los ratoncitos para continuar la lección.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Accurate and Precise Performance of the BD FACSVia™ SystemJulie Nguyen
The document describes validation studies performed on the BD FACSVia flow cytometry system to determine CD4 cell counts and percentages. Method comparison, precision, and linearity studies were conducted using HIV+ patient and normal donor samples stained with CD4/CD8/CD3 and CD3/CD4/CD45 reagents. Results showed equivalent lymphocyte subset counts and percentages between the BD FACSVia and its predicate FACSCalibur system. Within-site precision and reproducibility were robust. Linearity was demonstrated over the clinical reportable ranges. The BD FACSVia system provides an affordable solution for immune monitoring in HIV diagnosis and treatment.
How to Build Useful Audience Personas to Guide Your Digital Strategy | Laura ...Laura Hampton
The document provides guidance on developing useful audience personas to guide digital strategy. It outlines a 4-step process: 1) Gather basic audience information through client interviews and data; 2) Understand audience motivations through surveys, research, and site analytics; 3) Identify topics and interests through conferences, social media, and competitors; 4) Build personas by consolidating segments that share motivations. Personas give a shared understanding of complex audiences and can be used to guide keyword research, content, PR, and brand alignment.
This study analyzed blood cultures from neonatal intensive care unit patients from 1997 to 2001 in Tripoli Medical Center, Libya. A total of 1431 blood culture sets from 1092 patients were positive for bacterial growth in 801 sets, representing 648 cases of neonatal bacteraemia. The most common causative agents were members of the Enterobacteriaceae family including Serratia, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter species as well as coagulase-negative and positive Staphylococci. Antibiotic susceptibility testing found high levels of resistance among the most frequent pathogens, though resistance to newer antibiotics like aztreonam and imipenem was less common. Resistance in Staphylococcus to anti-stap
The document summarizes two studies that used ELISA techniques to evaluate immunity against viruses and detect parasites. The first study developed a competitive ELISA to evaluate immunity to the Varicella-Zoster virus by measuring neutralizing antibodies against viral proteins. The second study used a monoclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA and immunochromatographic assay to detect the cathepsin L1 protease antigen in detecting Fasciola gigantica infection. Both investigations validated ELISA as an accurate method to establish an individual's immune status and identify the presence of antigens.
This study analyzed phenotypic virulence factors and antibiotic resistance patterns in 156 uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolates from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). The researchers found that 85.3% of isolates produced biofilm and 34% produced hemolysin. 62.8% exhibited mannose-sensitive hemagglutination (MSHA) and 37.2% exhibited mannose-resistant hemagglutination (MRHA). Biofilm formation correlated with infection type. Resistance was highest for ampicillin, tetracycline, amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole. 26.9% of isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. The results indicate relationships
Microbiology is the study of microbes that infect humans and cause disease. Sensitivity testing helps determine the most effective antibiotic to treat an infection by testing which antibiotics can inhibit or kill the bacteria causing the infection. The sensitivity test involves culturing bacteria from a sample, identifying the bacteria species, and exposing it to different antibiotics to see which ones prevent its growth. This helps doctors select the appropriate antibiotic for treatment.
This study analyzed 321 infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria at a hospital in Rhode Island from 2006-2011. The number of such infections increased each year. While Klebsiella pneumoniae was previously dominant, there was a shift to Escherichia coli as the predominant organism. Resistance to common oral antibiotics was high. A comparison with studies in Pakistan found similar high resistance levels in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from hospitalized patients in Islamabad and Peshawar.
This document discusses the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to diagnose Pernicious Anemia. ELISA uses antibodies to detect the presence of antigens in blood samples. It has advantages over other diagnostic methods as it is sensitive, specific, cheaper and faster. ELISA involves coating a plate with antibodies, adding the blood sample, and using labeled antibodies to detect target antigens. It is useful for Pernicious Anemia diagnosis as this disease is characterized by high levels of anti-parietal cell antibodies, which ELISA can detect. The document outlines the ELISA process and limitations, and explains how it aids in Pernicious Anemia diagnosis.
This document discusses laboratory diagnosis of bacterial infections. It covers topics like culture-based and non-culture tests, bloodstream infections, respiratory infections, central nervous system infections, and urinary tract infections. For each infection type, it discusses appropriate specimen collection and transport, as well as challenges in interpreting test results. Throughout it emphasizes the importance of culture for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
This document discusses various diagnostic techniques for viral animal diseases. It describes direct detection methods like electron microscopy, histopathology, and fluorescent antibody techniques. It also covers indirect detection methods like ELISA, immunochromatography, latex agglutination, and viral antibody detection techniques like complement fixation, haemagglutination inhibition, and virus neutralization tests. Emerging techniques discussed include PCR, microarrays, and nanobiosensor-based diagnostics.
Background: The widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in emergence of community-acquired antibiotic resistance among uropathogens in outpatient’s population. This constitutes an impediment in the management of urinary tract infection (UTI) in both community and hospital settings. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the current antibiotic resistance trends, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production and plasmid profile of uropathogens from outpatients. Methods: A total of 370 mid-stream urine samples were collected and cultured by standard methods. Isolated uropathogens were identified using appropriate biochemical methods. The modified Kirby Bauer disk method was used for antibiotic susceptibility test. The ESBL-producing uropathogens were identified and their plasmid DNA extraction and curing were carried out by standard methods. Results: About 35.7% and 32.7% of uropathogens were multi-drug resistant and ESBL-producing respectively. There was higher prevalence of ESBL-production among isolates from female patients (62.5%) when compared to that from male patients (37.5%). The isolated uropathogens were most resistant to Cefotaxime, and most sensitive to Imipenem. Resistance to antibiotics by ESBL-producing uropathogens was found to be plasmid-mediated. Conclusion: Community acquired Uropathogens from outpatients were multidrug resistant due to ESBL production localized on plasmids, a probable cause of treatment failures experienced in Uyo.
This study investigated the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing gram-negative bacilli at a tertiary care hospital over one year. A total of 6,672 clinical samples were tested, yielding 2,366 gram-negative bacteria isolates. Phenotypic confirmation testing found 141 isolates (5.95%) to be ESBL producers. The most common ESBL-producing organisms were Escherichia coli (6.43% of E. coli isolates) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.97% of K. pneumoniae isolates). The results suggest a high prevalence of ESBL producers in this hospital setting. Improved antibiotic stewardship and infection control practices are needed to
This document summarizes newer diagnostic tests for bacterial diseases, focusing on three methods: 1) Direct demonstration of bacteria by identifying bacterial genomes using techniques like polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 2) Demonstration of indirect evidence of bacterial infection by identifying biomarkers of systemic inflammatory response, and 3) Rapid bacterial culture methods. It provides details on PCR and how it has significantly impacted infectious disease diagnosis by allowing amplification of small amounts of bacterial DNA. While very sensitive, PCR also has limitations like contamination risks and inability to distinguish viable from nonviable bacteria.
This document discusses the importance of rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases and summarizes current diagnostic methods and their limitations. Classical culture-based diagnostics are time-consuming and cannot identify all pathogens. Antibody-based diagnostics like ELISA and lateral flow tests are faster but have limitations in sensitivity and specificity due to their reliance on pathogen-specific reagents. Molecular diagnostics like PCR are highly sensitive and specific but require specialized equipment and skilled technicians, limiting their use outside centralized laboratories. Vibrational spectroscopic approaches that generate biochemical fingerprints of whole pathogens offer a promising alternative as they can provide rapid, reagent-free identification of infectious agents.
Comparative analysis between monophasic and biphasic methods of blood cultureAlexander Decker
This study compared the efficacy of biphasic blood culture bottles (BiPB) to conventional monophasic blood culture bottles (MPB) for isolating bacteria from blood cultures. 120 blood cultures were analyzed using each bottle type. The BiPB allowed for more rapid recovery of certain bacteria like E. coli, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Salmonella, and Proteus. The MPB isolated Pseudomonas and Enterococcus more readily. Overall, bacteria were recovered at a slightly higher but not statistically significant rate from the BiPB. Both bottle types are useful, but an anaerobic bottle should also be used for optimal recovery of all bacteria.
Doctors Data Inc A Revolution in the Evaluation of Gastrointestinal MicrofloraBonnieReynolds4
Recent research regarding the gastrointestinal microbiome has irrefutably confirmed the fact that the
microbial inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, and their astonishing scope of metabolic activities,
are at the very core of health and numerous disease processes. It is also clear that clinical microbiology
testing should be optimized to address the relative abundance of all bacterial species present in a stool
specimen.
Enhancing Solubilization of Hydrophobic ORF3 Product of HEV in Bacterial Expr...Allyson Luo
This study aimed to enhance the expression and solubility of the vp13 protein from hepatitis E virus (HEV) by expressing it as a fusion protein with maltose binding protein (MBP) in E. coli. The researchers cloned the ORF3 gene encoding vp13 into a bacterial expression vector with an MBP tag. Initial expression trials found most of the MBP-vp13 fusion protein was insoluble. The researchers then optimized induction conditions, finding induction at 18°C and addition of 1% glucose led to efficient expression of soluble MBP-vp13 fusion protein. This enhanced solubilization and purification of vp13, which will facilitate further study of its structure and function.
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a membrane-based technique that provides rapid, inexpensive, and easy-to-use detection of analytes in complex samples. Key advantages are low cost, ease of use without specialized equipment, and ability to provide results in minutes. LFIAs detect analytes using various formats, including sandwich assays that detect large analytes using two antibodies, and competitive assays that detect small analytes. LFIAs have applications in healthcare, agriculture, food/water quality testing, and more.
This document describes the development of a universal PCR method for the detection and identification of common bacterial pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The method uses a single set of primers to amplify a portion of the 16S rRNA gene which is conserved across many bacterial species. While the amplified products are all the same size, restriction enzyme digestion patterns differ between species, allowing identification. Testing on 150 CSF samples found the PCR method had a sensitivity of 92.3% compared to culture. The PCR-restriction enzyme analysis approach provides a rapid and accurate method for detecting and identifying bacteria in CSF.
Similar to Phage and Phosphatase a novel phage-based probe for rapid, multi-platform detection of bacteria (20)