Pg tp-class2, intro, science, spheres
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This document provides an introduction to physical geography, earth science, and the earth's spheres. It discusses that physical geography studies the processes and features that make up the earth, including the human environment. Some specialties of physical geography are meteorology, climatology, geomorphology, and oceanography. The major divisions of the earth are the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, which all interact with each other.
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DLL-(daily lesson log) second week science grade 10
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Big Ideas in the Australian Curriculum: Geography, Mark Easton, Oxford Univer...
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2020 microbiology viruses final
This document summarizes key information about viruses that commonly infect cats and dogs. It describes the structure and life cycle of viruses in general and then discusses several specific viral diseases including Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV), Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV), Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP), Feline Calicivirus (FCV), Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis, Rabies Virus, and Canine Distemper Virus. For each virus, it covers transmission, symptoms, diagnosis/testing, treatment/prevention strategies. Vaccination is emphasized as an important prevention method
Analgesia
This document discusses pain management and analgesia. It covers the physiology of pain, classification of pain types, the pain pathway in nociception, consequences of untreated pain, types of hyperalgesia, physiologic changes caused by pain, signs of pain in animals, tools for pain assessment, effective postoperative analgesia, and various opioid and non-opioid agents used for pharmacologic pain management. The focus is on controlling pain at different stages including preoperative, surgical, postoperative, and at home periods using multimodal therapy and a variety of analgesic drugs and techniques.
Anesthetic equipment
This document discusses equipment used to administer anesthesia, including endotracheal tubes, laryngoscopes, masks, anesthetic chambers, and anesthetic machines. It describes the components and functions of anesthetic machines, including compressed gas supplies, vaporizers, breathing circuits, and scavenging systems. Precise administration of gases is enabled by equipment such as flowmeters, pressure gauges, and precision vaporizers. Rebreathing circuits allow reuse of exhaled gases while removing carbon dioxide. Proper use and maintenance of anesthetic equipment is important for patient safety.
Canine and feline anesthesia
This document discusses various methods for anesthetizing animals, including patient preparation, selecting an anesthetic protocol, and different techniques for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It provides detailed descriptions and considerations for intramuscular, intravenous, and inhalant induction methods as well as total intravenous anesthesia. Patient monitoring and safety are emphasized.
Anesthetic agents and adjuncts
This document discusses anesthetic agents and adjuncts used in veterinary medicine. It defines anesthetic agents as drugs that induce loss of sensation with or without unconsciousness, while adjuncts are drugs used during anesthesia to produce other effects like sedation or muscle relaxation. The document then classifies agents and adjuncts based on their route of administration, time of use, principal effect, and chemistry. It describes how agents work as agonists, antagonists, or partial agonists at target tissues like the central nervous system. Common preanesthetic medications, tranquilizers, and alpha-2 agonists are outlined along with their effects, uses, and adverse effects.
Veterinary drug use, prescribing, acquisition and pharmacy management
This document discusses veterinary drug use, prescribing, acquisition, and pharmacy management. It defines chemical, generic, and brand drug names. It describes compounding drugs and outlines concerns about compounded drugs. It reviews sources of drug information including the USP, drug labels, package inserts, and drug references. It discusses expiration dates, dispensing vs prescribing, veterinary/client/patient relationships, prescription labeling, electronic record keeping, and pharmacy economics including inventory purchasing and management.
Patient preparation
The document discusses guidelines for patient preparation and assessment prior to anesthesia. It describes obtaining an accurate patient history, performing a physical examination, and confirming the scheduled procedure. A thorough minimum patient database is essential and includes signalment, medications, allergies, preventive care, past illnesses, and identification. Assessments of body weight, condition, hydration, temperature and other vital signs are also important parts of preparing the patient.
Introduction to Anesthesia
This document discusses the history and uses of anesthesia in both human and veterinary medicine. It outlines the different levels of central nervous system depression that can be achieved, from sedation to general anesthesia, and the different types of anesthesia including local, regional, and general. It also describes the role of veterinary technicians in administering anesthesia under the supervision of a veterinarian, and some of the risks and challenges associated with providing anesthesia to patients.
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This document discusses nutrition for patients with renal disease, cancer, and cognitive dysfunction syndrome. For renal disease, it outlines the clinical signs and stages. It emphasizes managing protein, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium levels according to IRIS guidelines. For cancer, it notes the metabolic changes and goals of increasing remission, survival time, and quality of life. It recommends a diet high in fat and protein but low in carbs, with arginine and omega-3s. For cognitive dysfunction syndrome, it discusses the potential causes being mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. It presents study results showing cognitive benefit of specific therapeutic diets.
Session 7 gi lutd liver spring
This document discusses various types of urinary tract diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, and liver diseases in pets and their nutritional management. For urinary tract diseases like struvite and calcium oxalate uroliths, dietary changes can help dissolve or prevent further stone formation by altering the pH and mineral content of urine. Gastrointestinal diseases like inflammatory bowel disease and constipation may require hydrolyzed protein or fiber-modified diets. Liver diseases like portosystemic shunts and hepatic lipidosis need low protein diets to prevent neurological signs. Nutritional support is critical for pets with liver disease and failure.
Session 6 therapy adv rxns recovery k9
This document discusses adverse reactions to food, including food allergies and intolerances. It provides information on identifying allergens, avoiding allergens through food elimination tests and novel or hydrolyzed protein diets. The document also discusses recovery feeding for pets and the importance of early feeding. Finally, it covers canine osteoarthritis, including risk factors, joint structure and function, and managing the condition through diet and supplements.
Session 5 therapeutic nutrition obesity diabetes
This document discusses therapeutic nutrition for small animal diseases. It defines therapeutic foods as those formulated for nutritional management of diagnosed conditions like obesity and diabetes, rather than curing diseases. Key nutritional factors in therapeutic diets are adjusted to improve nutritional status, correct deficiencies, aid weight gain/loss, and prevent diseases. The document outlines obesity, diabetes mellitus, key nutritional factors, therapeutic products, and disease-specific nutritional goals and factors for various conditions.
Session 2 basic nutrients
This document provides information on basic nutrients, including their definitions, classifications, functions, and examples of key nutrients. It discusses the six basic nutrients of water, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins. For each, it provides details on what they are comprised of, their roles and importance in the body, as well as examples of deficiency and toxicity signs. The document also explains concepts like gross energy, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, and total digestible nutrients in evaluating feed energy content.
Nutrition for patients with cardiac disease
This document discusses the treatment and nutrition management for patients with cardiac disease. It covers:
- Acute treatment focuses on reducing high salt intake and stabilizing the patient. Chronic treatment transitions the patient to a selected diet once home and adjusting to medications.
- Every patient is individual so diets should reduce salt, address preferences, and maintain optimal body condition score to prevent cardiac cachexia.
- Cardiac cachexia is the loss of lean body mass and indicates reduced immune function and impending mortality due to anorexia, increased metabolism, and inflammatory cytokines like TNF and interleukin. Managing it includes reducing anorexia with palatable foods and flavor enhancers as well as reducing cytokine production with fish oil.
Small animal nutrition dogs and cats
This document discusses small animal nutrition for dogs and cats at different life stages. It outlines a two-step clinical nutrition process of assessing the patient and developing a feeding plan. It provides information on calculating energy requirements, including calculating resting energy requirement and daily energy requirement. Key nutrients like protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals are reviewed for different life stages, including growth, reproduction, lactation, adulthood and senior stages. The importance of matching an animal's diet to their life stage is emphasized.
Veterinary Instruments
This document lists and provides brief descriptions of various veterinary instruments used for different purposes such as surgery, dentistry, obstetrics/reproduction, and animal identification/procedures. It includes forceps, retractors, scalpels, scissors, needles, speculums, dehorning/castration tools, and more for both small and large animal use. The instruments are organized by type and each has a 1-2 sentence description of its intended use.
Sutures
There are several types of interrupted and continuous suture patterns used in surgery. Interrupted patterns include simple, cruciate, vertical mattress, and horizontal mattress. Continuous patterns include simple continuous, intradermal, Ford interlocking, Cushing/Connell, and Lembert. Each pattern has a specific technique and goal such as apposition, tension relief, or inversion. The appropriate pattern depends on factors like the tissue and surgery being performed. Interrupted patterns take more time but each knot is independent, while continuous patterns are faster but a break means losing all knots.
Session 1 intro and digestive systems 2018(1)
This document provides an overview of animal nutrition and digestive systems. It begins by outlining the course objectives and requirements for a veterinary nutrition course. It then discusses the different types of digestive systems, including monogastric systems like dogs and cats, and ruminant systems like cows. Key aspects of each system are described, such as the structure and function of different stomach compartments. The roles of saliva, stomach secretions, and pancreatic enzymes in chemical digestion are also summarized. Finally, the chronology of digestion from ingestion to absorption in the small intestine is outlined.
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This document provides information about time management and Roman Italy. It begins by explaining how to determine the century for dates listed as BC/BCE and AD/CE. It then includes a map of Italy and the Mediterranean Sea, noting key Italian regions like Latium and rivers like the Tiber. The summary describes Italy as having no natural defenses, advanced civilization, and adequate natural resources like rainfall, forests, and agriculture of olives, grapes, and wine that supported its early population.
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Pg tp-class2, intro, science, spheres
- 1. Physical GeographyPhysical Geography Class 2: Introduction toClass 2: Introduction to Geography, Science, Earth’sGeography, Science, Earth’s SpheresSpheres
- 2. What’s your major?What’s your major? 91% 9% 1 2 1.1. Elementary edElementary ed 2.2. OtherOther
- 3. Concentration (if elem.Concentration (if elem. Ed)?Ed)? 10%0% 90% 0%0% 1 2 3 4 5 1.1. HistoryHistory 2.2. LanguageLanguage 3.3. EnglishEnglish 4.4. MathMath 5.5. ScienceScience
- 4. My interest in EarthMy interest in Earth ScienceScience 18% 27% 27% 27% 0% 1.1. Learning about this interests andLearning about this interests and excites meexcites me 2.2. I’m fairly interestedI’m fairly interested 3.3. I’m neutralI’m neutral 4.4. Not very interestedNot very interested 5.5. Not at all interested.Not at all interested.
- 5. My comfort level withMy comfort level with Earth ScienceEarth Science 9% 55% 18% 18% 0% 1.1. I’m very comfortableI’m very comfortable 2.2. I’m fairly comfortableI’m fairly comfortable 3.3. I’m neutralI’m neutral 4.4. I’m slightly uncomfortableI’m slightly uncomfortable 5.5. I’m very intimidated – notI’m very intimidated – not comfortable at allcomfortable at all
- 6. The Earth SystemThe Earth System
- 7. Physical GeographyPhysical Geography Study of processes and features thatStudy of processes and features that make up the Earth, including themake up the Earth, including the human environment where ithuman environment where it interfaces with the earth.interfaces with the earth.
- 8. SpecialtiesSpecialties MeteorologyMeteorology ClimatologyClimatology GeomorphologyGeomorphology BiogeographyBiogeography Soil scientistsSoil scientists OceanographersOceanographers HydrologistsHydrologists
- 9. Themes of Geography 1. Location
- 12. 3. Spatial Patterns3. Spatial Patterns
- 13. 4. Spatial Interaction4. Spatial Interaction Destruction of the RainforestDestruction of the Rainforest
- 14. 4. Spatial Interaction Mt. Pinatubo and worldwide temperatures
- 15. 5. Changes in Earth’s Features and Systems
- 16. 6. Human – Environmental Interactions Post-Katrina New Orleans
- 17. The Process of ScienceThe Process of Science Must be “testable”Must be “testable”
- 18. 1. Make observation1. Make observation
- 19. 2. Propose hypothesis2. Propose hypothesis
- 20. 3. Technique to test3. Technique to test hypothesishypothesis
- 21. 4. Use technique,4. Use technique, make observationsmake observations
- 22. 5. Does test support or5. Does test support or reject hypothesis?reject hypothesis?
- 23. 6. Accept? Reject?6. Accept? Reject? Reformulate?Reformulate?
- 24. 7. Additional testing?7. Additional testing?
- 25. ““Scientific theory”Scientific theory” vs. a regular old theoryvs. a regular old theory
- 26. Major Divisions/SpheresMajor Divisions/Spheres AtmosphereAtmosphere LithosphereLithosphere HydrosphereHydrosphere BiosphereBiosphere