This document summarizes petroleum occurrences in Rajasthan, India. It discusses the chemical composition of petroleum including hydrocarbons like carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur. It describes the origin of petroleum involving stages of diagenesis, metagenesis, and catagenesis. Petroleum is formed from organic material deposited in sedimentary basins over millions of years. In Rajasthan, major hydrocarbon deposits are found in the Jaisalmer, Barmer-Sanchor, and Bikaner-Nagaur basins. The Barmer-Sanchor basin contains 38 oil and gas fields including the large Mangala oil field, and it began commercial production in 2009. Recent discoveries have also occurred in other

1. Petroleum and its occurrences in Rajasthan
Kunwar Shruten Chauhan
Department of Geology
University of Rajasthan

2. Chemical Composition
A very small amount of metal is occasionally detected in liquid
hydrocarbon
Natural gas Liquid
Hydrocarbon
Solid
Hydrocarbon
Carbon 6.5-8.0 82.2-89.1 8.0-8.5
Hydrogen 1-2.5 11.7-14.7 8.5-11
Sulphur Trace-0.1 0.1 2-8
Nitrogen 1-15 1.1-5.5 0-2
Petroleum- A liquid mixture of hydrocarbons

3. Hydrocarbon Compounds
PARAFFINS
NAPTHALENES
AROMATICS

4. Density
• The density of petroleum is measured in API Gravity
• As API value increase the colour of hydrocarbon will be black
to yellow

5. Petroleum include solid, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon
Solid Liquid Gas

6. Origin of Petroleum
Inorganic Theory Organic Theory
Deep-seated Extra Terrestrial
The origin of hydrocarbon involves 3 stages
Catagenesis MetagenesisDiagenesis

7. Inorganic theory
a) Deep-seated hypothesis
By Berthelot (1860) & Mendele'ev (1902)
Statement-
The metallic carbide with in the Earth react with
water at high temp to form hydrocarbons.
Drawback-
There was no evidence of metallic carbide in the
mantle of the Earth.

8. b) Extra Terrestrial Hypothesis
By Sokoloff (1890)
Statement-
Hydrocarbon precipitate as rain from nebular matter
from which the solar system was formed and then ejected
onto the surface.
Drawback-
This theory can’t explain why hydrocarbon occurs
only in sedimentary rock, why not occur in all rocks.

9. Organic theory

10. Organic theory
( Image source: Offshore Engineering)

11. Three stage of hydrocarbon origin
Oil window
Gas window
( Image source: Oil and Gas Geology )

12. Kerogen
• It is a complex
waxy mixture of
hydrocarbon
compounds which
formed by solid
organic matter
( Image source: http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/LA/10_mudstones.html )

13. Petroleum System
Source rock - Migration - Reservoir rock -Trap - Seal
( Image source: http://www.geologyin.com/2014/08/petroleum-system.html )

14. Indian occurrences

15. Hydrocarbon deposits in Rajasthan
Jaisalmer basin
• Area = 45,000 sq. km
• Age = Mesozoic & Cenozoic
• Basin type= Pericratonic Basin
Barmer-sanchor
• Area = 11,000 sq. Km
• Age = Tertiary basin
• Basin type=Intracratonic Basin
Bikaner-Nagaur
• Area =70,000 sq. km
• Age =Paleozoic basin
• Basin type=Intracratonic
Basin
(Image source: Directorate General Of Hydrocarbon ,Rajasthan Basin)

16. • Rajasthan basin is discovered in 1967
• The commercial production of oil and gas was started in
2009 from Barmer-Sachore Basin
• In Rajasthan, total 990 wells were drilled till May 2018
• Out of which 783 wells in District Barmer & Jalore
• 207 wells in Districts Jaisalmer, Ganganagar & Bikaner
• 38 Oil & Gas fields discovered in Barmer-Sanchore Basin
Hydrocarbon deposits in Rajasthan

17. Mangla Oil field
• Mangla Oil discovery is the one of the biggest on-
land discovery of the country in last two decades.
• At present oil produced mainly from Mangala,
Bhagyam, Aishwariya, Raageshwari and Saraswati
fields.
• 16 separate oil and gas fields of which the majority of
the reserves are located in the three fields of
Mangala, Bhagyam and Aishwariya.

18. Most Recent discoveries
• Oil and gas discoveries in Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal
• Gas deposits in Vindhyan basin in Madhya Pradesh
• In Ashok Nagar of 24 Parganas district in West Bengal
• Kutch offshore

19. Reference
• Bjørlykke K. (2015) Petroleum Geoscience: From Sedimentary
Environments to Rock Physics, 2nd edition, Heidelberg New York
Dordrecht London, Springer.
• Leverson A.L. (1956) Geology of Petroleum, W. H. Freeman & Co.
• e pathshala website:https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/
• Directorate of Petroleum website:
http://petroleum.rajasthan.gov.in/landmark-development.htm
• Directorate General of Hydrocarbons (DGH) website:
• http://www.infraline.com/ong/Upstream/NELP-
VII/Rajasthan_Basin_NELP_VII.pdf
• Cairn India Website: www.cairnindia.com/our-business/rajasthan

20. Thank you